BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis-related molecules were detected in osteosarcoma tissues, which have closely association with the occurrence, development and prognosis of osteosarcoma. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and core binding factor ?1 (RUNX2) in osteosarcoma cell Lines MG63. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A molecular biology observation was performed at the Central Laboratory of Changhai Hospital between March 2007 and November 2007. MATERIALS: Osteosarcoma cell line MG63 was purchased from Institute of Biochemistry and cell biology, ISBS, CSA. METHODS: Cell line MG63 was counted with blood cell counting, inoculated in 100 mL culture flask with density of 1?104/cm2, stimulated at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2 air and saturated humidity. Then adherent cultured with DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 70%-80% confluency, the cells were digested with 0.25% pancreatic enzyme for 5 minutes, followed by terminating the digestion with adding DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and passaged at a ratio of 1:3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of BMP-7, VEGF and RUNX2 in MG63 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: BMP-7, VEGF and RUNX2 were positive expressed in MG63. CONCLUSION: The expression of BMP-7, VEGF and RUNX2 in MG63 was confirmed by gene and protein levels, which suggested that osteogenesis-related molecules may play important roles in the development of osteosarcoma.

Objective To study the mechanism of cisapride in the treatment of gastricelectric dysrhythmia. Methods Cisarpride was gavage fed to rats in which gastricelectric dysrhythmia hed been reproduced. The cholinergic and nitriergic nerves in myenteric plexus of gastric antrum were examined with histochemical staining methods and whole mount preparation technique. The levels of cAMP and cGMP in the antral smooth muscle were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results Gastricelectric dysrhythmia in the model group was ameliorated after the treatment with cisapride(P

Objective To assess whether 5-HTR1A C( - 1019) G and GNβ3 C825T gene polymorphisms are associated with post-stroke depression (PSD) and explore the genetic mechanism of the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression. Methods All 159 patients with first stroke were divided into the PSD group and the control group according to HAMD scores. Their genotypes were determined with polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific restriction enzyme analysis. Results The frequency of 5-HTR1A (-1019) GG genotype(8/53,15. 1% ), G allele (44/106,41.5%)and GNβ3 825T allele(68/106,64. 2% ) were significantly higher in the post-stroke depression group than in the controls (5/106,4.7% ;35/212, 16. 5%; 113/212, 53.3%; ×2 = 23.204, 23. 655, 3. 392, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Combined genotype analysis showed that individuals with both 5-HTR1A ( - 1019) G and GNβ3 825T allele ( OR =4. 980,95% CI 2. 429-10. 210,P =0. 000) had a higher risk than those with 5-HTR1 A (-1019) G allele ( OR = 3. 589,95% CI 2. 113-6. 096, P = 0. 000) or GNβ3 825T allele ( OR = 0. 638,95% CI 0.395-1. 031 ,P =0. 042) only for post-stroke depression. Conclusion The 5-HTR1A C( - 1019)G and GNβ3 C825T polymorphisms are predisposing genes of post-stroke depression. Our data also suggest a significant interaction between the 5-HTR1A ( - 1019)G allele and GNβ3 825T allele in post-stroke depression.

Objective To summarize the experience of using CT and MRI to diagnose the renal collecting duct carcinoma.Methods From February 2005 to January 2012,10 cases with renal collecting duct carcinoma,confirmed by pathology,were reviewed retrospectively.The data contained 6 men and 4 women,whose age ranged from 21 to 62 years (mean age 48 years).The flank pain was complained by 7 cases,waist discomfort was complained by 3 cases.In urine laboratory test,positive urine erythrocytes (++++) were found in 6 cases.In 10 cases,7 cases accepted CT examination and 3 cases accepted MRI examination.The growth pattern,lesion location,dynamic enhanced scan phase of the tumor and the way of spreading and metastasis were analyzed based on those CT and MRI images.Results The lesions were located in the left kidney in 6 cases,located in the right kidney in 4 cases.The size of tumors ranged from 4.4 cm×5.8 cm to 7.2 cm× 7.4 cm (mean size 5.7 cm× 6.4 cm).The mass,located in the center of renal parenchyma with irregular shape,showed infiltrative growth pattern.The shape of kidney was normal,whereas the border line between cortex and medulla was indistinct.The tumor involved the renal cortex and medulla in 4cases and involved the renal cortex,medulla,pelvis simultaneously in 6 cases.Among 7 patients who accepted the CT scanning,the solid mass was revealed in 6 cases.On CT plain scanning,the masses demonstrated slightly low or equal density within flaky or patchy low-density necrosis.Two cases showed small punctate calcification within the mass.One case was solid and cystic mass,which the cystic part of the mass showed irregular shape of the liquid-density.Among 3 patients accepted MRI scanning,all masses showed solid characters.The substantial part showed slightly hypointense on T1WI and low signal intensity on T2WI.The necrotic foci demonstrated low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal on T2WI.Dynamic enhanced scan revealed mild to moderate enhanced in the substantive part.The density of signal was lower than the renal cortex and slightly higher than the renal medulla in corticomedullary phase.It enhanced continuously in parenchymal phase,but still lower than the renal parenchyma.It enhanced continuously in the delayed phase,while the cystic or necrotic lesions were not observed the enhancement.Renal artery was surrounded by the mass in 2 cases.Tumor embolus was found in the renal vein in 2 cases,9 cases were noticed with renal hilum and paraortic hyperlymphonodus.The thoracic and lumbar spinal metastasis was found in 1 case and adrenal metastasis was found in another case.All patients underwent radical nephrectomy,that pathological diagnosis was renal collecting duct carcinoma.Conclusions The CT and MRI imaging characteristics of renal collecting duct carcinoma can be described as the mass located in the center of renal parenchyma with the infiltrative growth pattern.In MRI image,it demonstrates low signal intensity on T2WI.And a mild continuously enhanced can be observed on dynamic enhanced scanning.Moreover,the tumor often involves renal hilum,perirenal fat capsule,paraortic lymph node,and shows the tendency of distant metastasis.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor( GIST)is the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasm and accounts approximately 18% of all mesenchymal neoplasms and 1% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Morbidity of GIST is about 1-2 per hundred thousand per year. The recurrence rate 5 years after complete resection of malignant GIST is up to 50%,and the median survival of metastatic GIST is only 9 months. Nowadays,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)is the first choice management for upper digestive tract GIST with diameter ≤2 cm,however,because of its high degree malignancy,surgical resection is the choice for GIST with diameter > 2 cm,and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be used in case with high risks and difficulties in surgical removal. This article reviewed the advances in study on treatment of GIST.

The quantitative parameters based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI)scan,simulate the distribution of contrast inside and outside of the blood vessels through a variety of tracer kinetic models.The DCE-MRI perfusion parameters now are widely applied in clinical management of uterine tumors,to analyze the microcirculation characteristics in tumor and to guide the diagnosis,tumor grading and efficacy evaluation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) on evaluation effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Methods 3.0 T MRI DWI examination was performed in 42 cases of advanced gastric cancer diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathology, including 32 patients were examined with DWI both before and after chemotherapy. Lymph nodes of gastric cancer lesions and display ability of stomach were measured, and the area of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in normal stomach and tumors were compared. ADC values were compared in the same patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and analyzed along with postoperative pathological examinations. Results In a total of 40 patients who received 74 DWI examinations, ADC values in tumor and lymph nodes were significantly higher than those in normal tissue. The ADC value in tumors was (1.348 ±0.278) ×10-3 mm2/s, and in 12 cases of stomach lymph node enlargement was (1.329±0.188) ×10-3 mm2/s. However, the average ADC value of normal stomach was (2.081± 0.189) ×10-3 mm2/s with significantly lower DWI than that of the former (P< 0.001). After chemotherapy, the ADC value in tumors was increased, which was (1.572 ±0.261) ×10-3 mm2/s (P< 0.001). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 16 patients received gastric cancer radical prostatectomy, and postoperative pathological TRG ratings of tumor were decreased with different extent. Tumor cell density (TCD) before treatment with an average of 4.45 ×10-5 / px2, which was downgraduated to 2.48 ×10-5 / px2 after chemotherapy and surgery. Negatively correlation between TCD values and ADC values were observed. Conclusion MRI DWI examination can effectively detect advanced stomach cancer and the associated lymph node enlargement. Comparison of tumor morphology and ADC values in advanced gastric cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has clinical value in prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have multi-differentiation potentials, possessing a repairing capability for the sectional bone defects if combined with degradable porous β-tricalcium phosphate china. This provides a new idea in clinical repair of various bone defects.OBJECTIVE: To explore in radiology the curative effect of implanting porous β-tricalcium phosphate and autogenous BMMSCs compound to treat bone defects.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study with callus growth at various healing periods as subjects for observation. SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University; Tissue Engineering Center, Research Institute of Basic Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLAMATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Tissue Engineering Center, Research Institute of Basic Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA between March and September 2002. Twenty China healthy adult sheep were randomized into the groups of blank control group (4 sheep), simple implantation group (8 sheep) and complex implantation group (8 sheep).METHODS: Under general anesthesia and aseptic condition, 10-15 mL of sheep marrow was extracted; MSCs were separated and cultured before combined with porous β-tricalcium phosphate china for tissue engineering bone construction. Rats in each group were cut off 21mm long metatarsus in the middle section of metatarsus bonestem. Β-tricalcium phosphate china and autogenous MSC compound was implanted into the sheep of the complex implantation group; β-tricalcium phosphate china was implanted into the simple implantation group; and the bone defects in the blank control group remained untouched. Then the incision was sutured.X-ray filming was carried out right after the operation, as well as 1, 3,and 6 months after the operation for radiological appraisal (scored for1 if bone union formed in one surface of bone defect, but scored 0 if no boneunion formed in any surface of bone defect, and scored 4 if bone union formed in front, back, lateral surfaces and the center of bone defect), Xray radiation-resisting density was analyzed to compare the results of bone defect repair.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The postoperative general condition and general observation, as well as the results of the radiological analysis of the bone defects of all sheep.RESULTS: Totally 20 sheep were brought into this xperiment and all entered the stage of result analysis. ① The postoperative general condition:Sheep regained consciousness 2-6 hours after the operation without incision infection and loosing of internal fixation. Their spirit gradually was back to normal 1 week after the operation, at which time the injured legs could touch ground but were incapable of bearing load, and the affected legs could bear load 2 weeks after the operation, walked slightly lamely 3 weeks after the operation, and even moved freely without limp 4 weeks after the operation. ②The general condition 6 months after the operation: In pure implantation group, the surface white hyaline cartilage-like tissues were gradually calcified, with both ends connected with the host bone by bone bridge, but china granules could still be easily observed; while no implantation substance could be observed in compound implantation group,with the boundary between implantation substance and host bone vanished,and bone defect became basically the same as host bone. However there was no bone tissue formed in bone defect at various postoperative time points in the blank control group. ③ Radiological analysis of the bone defects at various postoperative time points: The radiological rating score was obviously higher in complex implantation group at the time poin ts of 3, 6 months after the operation compared with the pure implantation group [(2.3±0.3), (1.8±0.5); (3.3±0.5), (2.6±0.6), P ＜ 0.05]. ④ Radiological analysis of bone callus thickness and the relative value of radiation-resisting density at various postoperative time points: The bone callus thickness in the complex implantation group was obviously lower than that of the pure implantation group at the postoperative time point of 6 months (4.62 vs 7.64, P ＜ 0.05), with relative value of radiation-resisting density obviously higher than that of the pure implantation group (70.4±1.5 vs 61.18±1.2, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Radiological appraisal and bone defect density measurement can well reflect the dynamical repairing process of bone defects; the implantation of porous β-tricalcium phosphate china and autogenous BMMSCs compound into sheep can enhance the repair of large sectional bone defect.

Objective To study the clinical features,diagnosis and management of small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB).Method The clinical data of 18 cases of patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder were analyzed retrospectively and the literature were reviewed.There were 16 males and 2 females,ages 54 to 81 years (median age,61 years).Clinical manifestations included gross hematuria in 11 cases,urgency in 2 cases,dysuria in 2 cases and postoperative review after TURBT of bladder urothelial carcinoma in 3 cases.The median tumor size was 3.35cm (ranged,1.0 to 6.0 cm).2 cases underwent TURBT and intravesical chemotherapy regularly were followed after surgery.3 cases underwent partial cystectomy,intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was followed in one case,the other 2 cases refused the following therapy.13 cases underwent radical cystectomy,intravenous chemotherapy was followed in 2 cases,pelvic radiotherapy was followed in 2 csaes and intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was followed in 2 cases,the other 7 cases refused the following therapy.Results 11 cases were pure SCCB,7 cases were mixed SCCB,all with urothelial carcinoma.T1N0M0 in 3 cases,T2N0.1M0 in 4 cases,and T3N0-2M0 in 11 cases.The duration of follow-up was from 5 to 35 months after surgery.9 cases died of tumor metastasis,9 cases are still alive,except 1 case with lymph node metastasis,the other 7 cases are free of tumor recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions SCCB is rare,with high malignant degree and poor prognosis.The prognosis of the pure SCCB may be worse than the mixed SCCB.The diagnosis depends on pathology examination.Radical cystectomy is the main treatment method,the strategy of bladder-preserving may be an attempt for proper SCCB patients.Adjuvant therapy plus surgery may be better.

Objective To understand the status and the influencing factors of urban and rural elderly housebound in western region of China. Methods Two urban communities and two towns were selected from Chengdu and Lanzhou. A total of 2 584 elderly meeting the conditions were selected for investigation (including demographic data, living habits, physical condition, environmental, psychological, social status, housebound state rating scale, etc.) by method of going to home one by one. Results The incidence of community elderly housebound was 18.85% (487/2 584) in the western region. Multivariate regression analysis showed that other occupation (farmers, self-employed, free occupation, no industry etc.), no drinking, no exercise, no communication with neighbors, poor daily activities were the main factors affecting the occurrence of housebound. Conclusions The western region of community elderly housebound is higher, we should take appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of housebound.