Lipomas are benign soft-tissue tumors,common in 30～50 years old populations,occurred in subcutaneous adipocytes on the body surface.The pathogenesis is unclear,till now.Treatment includes surgical treatment,non-surgical treatment and so on.We summarized progress in non-surgical treatment,surgical treatment and Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy of lipomas in this review.

Objective To investigate the blood levels of amino acids in children aged 0-15 year, with an attempt to provide evidence for evaluating amino acid status and diagnosing metabolic diseases of amino acid.Methods The blood levels of eleven amino acids in 1900 children aged 0-15 years were determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Results The blood levels of leucine & isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine tyrosine,glycine, proline, ornithine, and alanine gradually decreased after birth, reaching the lowest levels at the ages of 4-6 months, and then gradually increased, reaching the normal range at the ages of 7 months-1 year. The blood levels of alanine and glycine reach the second peaks on the ages of 9 years in girls and on 11 years in boys. The blood levels of methionine and arginine were lowest in the first week of age, became highest in 1-3 months, decreased to the normal ranges after 4-6 months, and kept the level afterwards. The ratios between prosomatic amino acid and productive amino acid, between ornithine and arginine, between citrulline and arginine, and between ornithin and citrulline were highest in the first week of age and decreased to normal values after 3 to 12 months. The concentrations of amino acids in group of 7 months-15 years were significantly different from the group of 1 day-1 month and group of 2-6 months (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ). The concentrations of amino acids were significantly higher in females than in males in the group of 1 day-1 month and in all age groups (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ) . Conclusions The concentrations and profiles of amino acids change remarkably during the first year of age. Age should be carefully considered when evaluating the nutritional status of amino acid and diagnosing metabolic diseases of amino acids.

Objective To identify the Ligustrum sinense Lour.and Jasminum elongatum(Bergium) Wild.from the macroscopic appearance and microscopic features.Methods Fresh samples of stems,leaves,flowers and fruits of the two kinds of medicinal plants were harvested.Stereoscopy was used for the observation of macroscopic appearance of Ligustrum sinense Lour.and Jasminum elongatum (Bergium) Wild.,and the microscopy was used for the examination of their microscopic features of stem and leaf cross section,tear film and the powder of leaf upper and lower epidermis.Results Original plant characteristics of the two kinds of species were as follows:Ligustrum sinense Lour.had a racemes and funnel-shaped corolla,while Jasminum elongatum (Bergium)Wild.had a cymes and salverform corolla.Microscopic identification results were as follows:the stem pith of Ligustrum sinense Lour.was smaller,and the stem pith ofJasminum elongatum(Bergium) Wild.was bigger;Ligustrum sinense Lour.stem powder had less pit or texture in the sclereids,and had reticulate vessels,and Jasminum elongatum(Bergium) Wild.stem powder had apparent pit or texture in the sclereids,and had spiral vessels.Conclusion The results will provide a basis for the identification,exploitation and utilization of Ligustrum sinense Lour.and Jasminum elongatum(Bergium) Wild.

Objective To investigate the polyploid induction and identification of Nerviliae fordii for harvesting the polyploid plants. Methods The materials and methods for polyploid induction of Nerviliae fordii were screened separately by comparing the induction rates of rhizomes and bulbs under natural conditions and tissue culture environment, and by comparing soaking method with agar method. The effects of colchicine concentration ( 200, 300, 400, 300 mg/L), colchicine action time ( 7, 14, 21, 28 d), DMSO concentration ( 0, 10, 20, 40 mL/L) and KT concentration ( 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L) on induction rate were observed by orthogonal design method. The polyploid induction in the treated plants was identified by morphology, cytology and chromosome methods. Results After the tissue culture rhizomes were treated with 300 mg/L colchicine, 10 mL/L DMSO, and 2.0 mg/L KT by agar method for 28 days, the polyploid induction rate arrived to 50%, showing better induction effect. The morphology of polyploid plants was characterized by giantism, and the leaf length, leaf width and plant height were respectively 152.17%, 158.67%and 60.90%of those of the diploid plants. The length, width and density of stoma of leaf epidermal cell as well as the number of chloroplast in the treated plants were 138.46%, 153.00%, 59.09% and 109.09% of those of the untreated plants. The results of chromosome identification showed that the amount of the tetraploid ( about 40) was 2 times of the diploid chromosome ( about 20) in the treated plants, proving that the achieved Nerviliae fordii was a tetraploid plant. Conclusion Polyploid plants of Nerviliae Fordii have been successfully obtained, which will supply evidence for improving species, richening seed-breeding resources, and selecting of improved seeds of Nerviliae fordii.

Objective To find out evidence for the identification of the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. and F. altissima Bl.. Methods The fresh aerial roots of the two kinds of plants were collected. The appearance traits were observed by stereoscopy. The velamen surface, cross section of root tip, cross section of the posterior root and powder of two kinds of aerial roots were observed under microscope. Results The number of aerial roots of F. microcarpa Linn. f. was more than that of F. altissima Bl., while the diameter was less than that of F. altissima Bl.. Differences were shown in primary xylems of the transverse section of root tip and posterior root of the two kinds of aerial roots, there were 5-7 vascular bundles in F. microcarpa Linn. f. and 7-10 vascular bundles in F. altissima Bl.. As for the powder, the powder of F. microcarpa Linn. f. was yellowish brown, while that of F. altissima Bl. was reddish brown; F. altissima Bl. had more fibers and longer diameter than F. microcarpa Linn. f. and had cluster crystals in order. Conclusion The appearance and microstructure features showed by the results can be used to distinguish the aerial roots of F. microcarpa Linn. f. and F. altissima Bl..

Objective To explore the relationship between the plasma membrane glycoprotein ( PC-1 ) gene and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance in Chinese population. Methods 53 norma1 subjects, 105 simple obesity subjects, 63 type 2 diabetic patients and 114 obesity type 2 diabetics have been genotyped with PCR-RFLP. Results The frequency of PC-1 gene Q allele was 3%, 18%, 4% and 30% in control, obesity subjects, diabetic patients and obesity diabetic individuals, respectively. Compared with control group, the relative risk (RR) in OB group, OBH grop, OBI group, OBL group and OBHIL group was 4. 26,4. 12,7. 36,5. 15 and 9. 70, respectively. Compared with diabetes group, the RR in diabetes with DMOB, diabetes with OBH group, diabetes with OBI group, diabetes with OBL group and diabetes with OBHIL group was 5.23,7. 37,12. 07,8. 53 and 13. 50, respectively. Concluision The frequency of PC-1 gene Q allele were significantly associated with obesity, obesity diabetics and insulin resistance in Chinese. The results suggested that the PC-1 gene Q allele was a potential genetic marker for obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.

Objective To provide methodological references for laboratories to carry out newborn screening for disorders of amino acid metabolism,we compared the difference and distribution of ten amino acids including alanine (Ala),arginine (Arg),citrulline (Cit),glycine (Gly),leucine (Leu),methionine (Met),ornithine (Orn),phenylalanine (Phe),tyrosine (Tyr),and valine (Val) from newborn dried blood spots specimen using derivatization or non-derivatization as sample preparation methods.Method It is a comparative research study.A total of 4135 newborn screening dried blood spot samples for inborn errors of metabolism were collected from January to June,2012.All specimens came from neonatal screening center of shanghai children's hospital.Samples were prepared by two different techniques,the corresponding kits and the procedures were used as follows:(1) Simultaneous detection of 100 dried blood spot specimens using two methods respectively to compare the paired difference of each amino acid.(2) 2000 cases of normal newborn specimens were detected respectively to obtain the normal distribution of ten neonatal amino acids.(3) 35 specimens from patients previously diagnosed positively as inborn errors of metabolism were simultaneously detected with 7 amino acids to verify the consistency of two techniques in clinical judgment.Results The amino acid levels of normal newborns analyzed by one-sample.kolmogorovSmirnov test (Z value ranged from 1.997 to 6.229) showed a skewed distribution (P ＜ 0.01).Except for Leu and Tyr,non-derivatization techniqueshowed a lower concentration than derivatization technique,and the CVs of nine amino acids were ＜ 10％ except for Met (the CV of Met was 47.8％),and the average CV is 7.8％.Except for Met,Phe and Tyr,the levels of other 7 amino acids measured by two techniques showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).According to 0.5th to 99.5th percentiles,the normal reference range for derivatization method were greater than on-derivatization method,and the average value was 25.3％.After clinic judgment,the results of the abnormal indicators of children with true metabolism disorders showed no statistically significant between two methods (P ＞ 0.05),the detection rate was 100％.Conclusions There was a slight difference between derivatization and the non-derivatization techniques in detecting multiple amino acids.The results of the abnormal indicators of amino acid metabolism disordersshow no statically significant difference between the two methods,and no difference in clinical judgment.Both methods can be used in detecting amino acid metabolism disorders in newborn screening.

Objective To summarize the acylcarnitine profile in children with malnutrition,with an attempt to distinguish it from those of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency,multiple acylCoA dehydrogenase (MAD) deficiency,or glutaric aciduria type Ⅱ (GA Ⅱ).Methods Thirteen pediatric patients with malnutrition and 214 children of the same age but without malnutrition,which was set as the control group,were included in this study.The blood samples were collected at admission,and the concentration of carnitine and acylcarnitines were measured in bloodspots by tandem mass spectrometry using samples nnderivatized.Results The concentrations of acylcarnitines which were involved in fatty acid oxidation,including octadecanoyl (C18) to acetyl (C2) acylcarnitines and ketonic acylcarnitines,were higher in malnutrition group than in the control group.Particularly,the concentration of decanoyl acylcarnitine (C10) in the malnutrition group was (0.203 ±0.105) μmol/L,which was out of the normal rang (0-0.200 μmol/L),was significantly higher than that [(0.054 ±0.030) μmol/L] in the control group (P ＜0.001).There was no significant difference in the concentrations of acylcarnitines [e.g.propionyl (C3),isovaleryl (C5),3-hydroxy-isovaleryl (C5OH),and glutaryl (C5DC) acylcamitines] involved in amino acid decomposition between the malnutrition and control groups.Conclusions The concentrations of acylcarnitines related to fatty acid oxidation elevate in children with malnutrition.In particular,the medium-chain acylcarnitines C10 is out of the normal range,which can be used to differentiate malnutrition from MCAD and MAD.

A 28-year-old male patient presented with a 4-year history of a solitary brown mass, and a 1-year history of multiple small papules on the left chest. Skin examination showed a quasi-round brown firm mass measuring about 1.2 cm × 1.1 cm × 1.0 cm in size on the left chest, and several brown papules with diameters ranging from 3 to 5 mm on the right side of the mass; no enlarged lymph nodes were detected in the left axilla on palpation. The mass and papules were completely resected, and histopathological examination showed clustered nevus cells in the superficial dermis of the mass and small papules, and the diagnosis of intradermal nevus was considered. There was a desmoplastic nodule in the mass, nevus cells were scattered among the fibers in the nodule, and giant nevus cells were also observed; the nevus cells in the nodule were relatively larger, epithelioid or spindle-shaped with round or spindle-shaped nuclei, obvious nucleoli, and rare mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical study showed that the nevus cells in both the intradermal nevus and proliferative nodule were positive for S100; the nevus cells in the superficial dermis of the intradermal nevus were positive for Melan-A and HMB45, while the nevus cells in the proliferative nodule were negative for Melan-A and HMB45; both the intradermal nevus and proliferative nodule tissues showed a Ki-67 index of 1%, positive staining for CD34, but negative staining for P16 and P63. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with intradermal nevus associated with desmoplastic nodule.