Objective To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and endostatin (ES) in the serum of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at the time of before and after operation and postoperative recurrence. Methods The serum samples were obtained from 7 patients with postoperative lung metastasis and 21 patients with local recurrence after operation.The serum samples from 30 normal subjects were obtained as control.The levels of serum VEGF and serum endostatin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA).Thelevelsofserumthyroglobulinwereanalyzedby Chemiluminescence method.Statistical analysis was performed with t-test using SPSS 13.0 software.Pearson correlation analysis was performed for the correlation between serum VEGF and serum ES and thyroglobulin.ResultsThe levels of serum VEGF and serum ES in patients with lung metastasis 3 weeks after operation were significantly lower than those before operation and at the time of recurrence [ VEGF:( 210.3 ± 30.4) ng/L vs (412.6 ±57.3) ng/L and(619.5 ± 126.4) ng/L,P ＜0.05 ;ES:(25.2 ±6.2)ng/L vs (34.3 ±7.6)ng/L and (38.6 ± 8.7) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].And the levels of serum VEGF and serum ES in patients with local regional recurrence 3 weeks after operation were significantly lower than those before operation and at the time of recurrence [ VEGF:(209.3 ±36.7) ng/L vs (399.4 ±56.3) ng/L and (406.5 ±59.2) ng/L,P ＜0.05;ES:(25.7 ± 4.7 ) ng/L vs ( 35.2 ± 6.8 ) ng/L and ( 31.2 ± 7.6 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].The expression of serum VEGF and serum ES in patients with pulmonary metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with local regional postoperative recurrence ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was a linear positive correlation between serum VEGF,serum ES and thyroglobulin levels in the patient with recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer( r =0.752,0.349,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion The serum VEGF and serum ES level were significantly elevated in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer before operation and recurrence.The serum VEGF and serum ES were importantindicators to reveal the biological behaviors of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Objective To investigate the value in distinguishing benign and malignant vertebral fractures with MR diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI).Methods 31 patients with 58 vertebral fractures were underwent routine MRI scanning and echo-planar DWI(EPI/DWI).The materials were divided into benign group(n=32,20 cases),malignant group(n=18,8cases),tuberculosis group(n=8,3cases) and normal vertebral body group(n=31). Signal intensities on DWI were compared and apparent diffusion coeffient(ADC) values of normal and abnormal vertebral bodies were calculated. ADC values among the benign,malignant,tuberculosis vertebral bodies and normal ones were quantitatively analyzed and compared.Results The ADC values of benign,malingnant,tuberculosis and normal vertebral bodies were (1.44?0.41)?10 -3 mm2/s,(0.94?0.17)?10 -3 mm2/s,(0.98?0.13)?10 -3 mm2/s and(0.42?0.16)?10 -3 mm2/s ,respectively. The ADC values of the three abnormal groups were higher than normal group ( all P0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of ADC for the diagnosis of malignant lesion were 72.2% and 90.6% if the upper bound of 95% confidence interval was set as a differential level.Conclusion DWI provides an important supplement to the routine MRI in the differentiation of benign with malignant vertebral fractures.

Objective To evaluate the expression of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(sVEGF) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)patients before and after thyroidectomy and when recurrence occured.To analyze the relationship between serum VEGF and serum thyroglobulin(Tg)level.Methods sVEGF levels of 30 cases of DTC (7 patients with pulmonary metastasis,23 patients with locoregional recurrence)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) before and after thyroidectomy and when recurrence occured.The levels of serum Tg and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgA) were detected by chemiluminescence method.The results were compared with those of the 30 cases of normal controls.Results sVEGF levels had no significant difference between pulmonary metastasis group and locoregional recurrence group before operation (t =0.373,P ＞ 0.05),but they were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(t =8.597 and 14.14 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).sVEGF levels in patients with pulmonary metastasis or locoregional recurrence were significantly reduced at the 3rd week after operation and the difference had statistical significance with those before operation(t =5.977,11.50,P ＜ 0.05).The difference of postoperative level of sVEGF in patients with pulmonary metastasis,locoregional recurrence and in patients of normal control group had no statistical significance (t =1.593,1.525,P ＞ 0.05).sVEGF levels in patients with pulmonary metastasis or locoregional recurrence were significantly higher after recurrence than those before recurrence (t =7.387,12.16,P ＜ 0.05).After recurrence sVEGF levels in patients with pulmonary metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with locoregional recurrence (t =4.167,P ＜ 0.05) It showed a positive linear correlation between serum Tg level and sVEGF level in DTC patients with recurrence(r =0.786,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion sVEGF is significantly elevated in DTC patients before operation and with postoperative recurrence,making it an important indicator to reveal the biological behaviors of DTC.

Objective: To explore the relation of the serum level of sIL-2R in relapse patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). Methods:With ELISA, we determined the levels of sIL-2R of 48 patients with ALL after their first diagnoses,complete remission 1 and relapse. The levels of sIL-2R of 30 patients from complete remission 1 to relapse were monitored. Results: The levels of sIL-2R were higher in the relapse group and first diagnosed group than in the control. The levels of sIL-2R were higher in the relapse group and first diagnosed group than in the complete remission 1 group. However,the difference between the complete remission 1 and the control had no statistical significance. When we determined the levels of sIL-2R dynamically, we found that after complete remission ,the levels of sIL-2R decreased,however, before one month of hematological relapse, the levels of sIL-2R increased. Conclusion: Monitor of the level of sIL-2R can predict impending relapse of patients with ALL and is helpful to early diagnosis of relapse.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in the regulation of gene expression after transcription and play important roles in regulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription and replication. This article summarizes the miRNAs with an anti-HBV effect in hepatocytes and 4 regulatory mechanisms, as well as the mechanisms through which HBV affects the expression of endogenous miRNAs in hepatocytes via HBx and self-coding miRNAs and promotes replication. The analyses show that the interaction between endogenous miRNAs and HBV in hepatocytes forms a complex regulatory network, competes for the results of regulation, and determines the activity of HBV transcription and the trend of disease progression. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of the influence of interaction between endogenous miRNA and HBV in hepatocytes on HBV transcription have great significance in exploring new anti-HBV methods.

Follicular helper T cell (TFH) is a new CD4+ T lymphocyte subset which helps B lymphocytes to produce antibodies and is closely related to the development and progression of liver diseases. This article reviews the detection and differentiation of TFH and related functional molecules, the mechanism of action of TFH in helping B lymphocytes to produce antibodies through producing interleukin-21, as well as the role of TFH in liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and liver transplantation, and points out that TFH may become the new target cell in the treatment of liver diseases.

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.