OBJECTIVETo study the effect of GABA transporter (GAT-1) on the analgesic action of oxysophoridine (OSR) in the central nervous system of mice.

METHODHot plate test was used to observe and analyze the effect of gamma aminobutyric acid and the inhibitor of GAT-1 (NO-711) on the analgesic action of oxysophoridine. Real time RT-PCR was used to investigate the influence of OSR on the expression of GAT-1 mRNA induced by formalin in spinal cord and brain of mice.

RESULTBoth GABA (2.0 mg x kg(-1), icv) and NO-711(0.125 mg x kg(-1), icv) enhanced the analgesic action of OSR (32.0 mg x kg(-1), iv) in the hot plate test, and the latencies was markedly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). OSR (500.0 mg x kg(-1), iv) significantly inhibited the expression of GAT-1 mRNA induced by formalin (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGAT-1 was involved in the analgesia effect of OSR and the down-regulation of GAT-1 mRNA enhanced the analgesic effect.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Female ; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the relation between intrauterine growth and the development of carotid atherosclerosis in later life. Methods The intima-media thickness of carotid was measured with ultrasonography in 2036 people aged above fifty who had complete birth records, and divided into normal and abnormal group. They were asked to fill in the cardio-cerebrovascular questionnaire, and venous blood samples were taken and analysed for various biochemical parameters. The relation between carotid atherosclerosis and various parameters at birth and in adult life was assessed. Results The birthweight and head circumference in abnormal group were less than those in normal. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was greatest in those weighed 2500g or less, whose risk of carotid atherosclerosis was greater than those weighed between 3000g and 3500g, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Increased atherogenesis may be one independent mechanism mediating the epidemiological link between impaired fetal growth and vascular disease.

[Summary] A total of 128 individuals with type 2 diabetes underwent continuous glucose monitoring for 3 consecutive days.The dawn phenomenon was defined by three different parameters according to the previous research:(1)the absolute increase of glucose level from nocturnal nadir to prebreakfast value(?G) above 20 mg/dl;(2)?G above 10 mg/dl;( 3 ) insulin requirement increased at least 20%.The participants were secondarily separated by presence/absence of a dawn phenomenon based on the definitions above.The impact on blood glucose fluctuation of different groups was assessed according to the standard deviation of blood glucose( SDBG) , the area under curve above 10 mmol/L ( AUC ) , and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions ( MAGE ) , etc.The frequencies of dawn phenomenon were 64.8%(?G≥20mg/dl), 85.2%(?G≥10 mg/dl), and 59.4%(rise in insulin requirement≥20%)respectively.The impacts on SDBG, AUC, MAGE, and MODD were without statistical difference(P>0.05) between the presence and absence of the dawn phenomenon patients when?G≥10 mg/dl.However, the differences reached statistical significance(P<0.05) when ?G≥20 mg/dl and the increase in insulin requirement≥20%. Besides, the incidence of dawn phenomenon was positively correlated with HOMA-IR, HbA1C , and free C-peptide.Dawn phenomenon is a very frequent event in type 2 diabetes and not only impacts the overall glycemic control but also exaggerates glucose fluctuation.To be clinically relevant, ?G≥20mg/dl should be taken as the quantitative criterion of the dawn phenomenon.

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamics of the reinfection of Schistosoma japonicum and related risk factors among the people in schistosomiasis endemic areas in China.

METHODSLiterature retrieval was conducted by using databases of PubMed, CNKI,VIP and Wanfang to collected all the data about the human re-infection of Schistosoma japonicum and related risk factors in the endemic areas in China. And a Mata-analysis was conducted on the literatures met the inclusion standards.

RESULTSEighteen studies involving 12 604 people for infection survey and 3 128 people for re-infection survey were included in the analysis. The overall infection rate was 20.8%, and the overall re-infection rate was 21.0% . The difference had no statistical significance (Z = 1.12, P = 0.26). The re-infection related factors included baseline infection intensity (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.56-8.22); the index of contaminated water OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.08-5.22); distance from house to river-side (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.41-7.30) and age (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.19-1.23).

CONCLUSIONThe baseline infection intensity, the index of contaminated water and distance from house to river-side were the risk factors related to the re-infection of Schistosoma japonicum and age was a protective factor.

Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; epidemiology ; parasitology