Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on right ventricular systolic function after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG). Methods Eighteen patients with coronary heart disease,13 males,5 females,ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ,aged 50-80 years,measuring 1 50-182 cm in height,weighing 5 1-96 kg,scheduled for CABG under CPB were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous anesthesia, and 1 MAC sevoflurane inhalation lasted for 60 min after CPB.Hemodynamic indicators such as HR,MAP, CVP,cardiac output (CO),Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)and right ventricular parameters in-cluding tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)and velocity (TAPSV)were recorded be-fore sternotomy (T2 ),30 min after CPB (T3 ),60 min after CPB (T4 ).Results Compared with T1 , CO was increased at T2 (P <0.05);compared with T2 ,CO was decreased at T3 and T4 (P <0.05 or P <0.01),with a statistical significance;compared with T1 ,TAPSE and TAPSV were increased at T2 (P <0.05 or P <0.01);compared with T2 ,TAPSE and TAPSV were decreased at T3 and T4 (P<0.05);with a statistical significance in TAPSE and TAPSV.Conclusion For the patients undergo-ing CABG under CPB,1 MAC sevoflurane inhalation after CPB can reduce right ventricular systolic function,which,however,is within the normal ranges.

Vampire bat saliva contains a plasminogen activator that presumably assists these hematophagous animals during feeding. Bat-PA (H), the full-length form of Vampire Bat Salivary Plasminogen Activator (DSPAalpha1), is homologous and similar efficacy to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). The strict fibrin dependence of activity is a characteristic which could be desirable in the fibrinolytic therapy. It is a unique fibrinolytic enzyme that does not promote neurodegeneration. In this study, according to the reported gene sequence (GenBank Accession No. J05082) of Vampire bat (D. rotundus) plasminogen activator. It was the first time to synthesize the full sequence of DSPAalpha1 in vitro and clone it into the expression vector pPIC9K, the recombinant plasmid was linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 strain. Secreted expression of recombinant DSPAalpha1 was attained by methanol induction and its molecular mass is 47 kD. To get recombinant GS115 with high amount of protein, hundreds of His+ transformants had been screened to isolate clones resistant to high levels G418 (2-4 mg/mL), the selected clones mini-expressed in Pichia pastoris, and tested their fibrinolytic activities and expressed protein bands by fibrin plate assay and SDS-PAGE. DSPAalpha1 was determined by optical density after SDS-PAGE, the yield is about 30 mg per liter of fermentation culture. DSPAalpha1 derived often from mammalian cells: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, COS cells, which might be produced at high cost. In Pichia pastoris, it is expected to higher yield and lower cost, thus it might be able to serve as new thrombolytic candidate.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chiroptera ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasminogen Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Cellulose takes nearly 10% (W/W) dry weight of cassava tubers. In this study, the cellulase cost of different ethanol fermentation from cassava cellulose was evaluated. The processes include the direct saccharification and fermentation of original cassava cellulose residues, the direct saccharification and fermentation of pretreated cassava cellulose residues, and the simultaneous co-saccharification and fermentation of cassava starch and cassava cellulose. The results show that the cassava cellulose utilization in the first two processes were low with the enzyme cost of 13 602 and 11 659 RMB Yuan per tone of ethanol, respectively. In the third process, the final ethanol concentration increased from 101.5 g/L to 107.0 g/L when cassava cellulose and cassava starch were saccharified simultaneously. Comparing to the first two processes, the third one demonstrated the lowest enzyme cost at 3 589 RMB Yuan per ton of ethanol, which was less than the ethanol price and no additional equipment and operation cost input were added. The conclusion provided a practical way of cassava cellulose utilization in cassava ethanol industry.
Biotechnology ; economics ; methods ; Cellulase ; economics ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Ethanol ; economics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Manihot ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolism