AIM: To investigate the effects of Src family kinases (SFKs) on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the spinal dorsal horn. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-280 g) were used in the experiments. Western blotting, electrophysiological recording in spinal dorsal horn in vivo and immunohistochemistry were used in the study. The C-fiber-evoked field potentials were recorded at the superficial layers of spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement and the phosphorylation level and location of SFKs in spinal dorsal horn were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Thirty min and 60 min after ATP application, the levels of phosphorylated SFKs (p-SFKs) were significantly increased.The p-SFKs were expressed in microglia, but not in astrocytes or neurons. Spinal application of SFK inhibitors prevented ATP-induced LTP. CONCLUSION: Microglial SFKs may play an important role in ATP-induced LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in the spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To investigate the features of resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally 45 T2DM patients with stable blood glucose were enrolled. The general conditions, biochemical indicators, measurements of REE ( MREE), and basal energy expenditure (BEE) calculated with Harris-Benedict formula (HBEE) and Owen formula (OBEE) were recorded and compared. Results MREE had no significant difference with HBEE or OBEE in T2DM patients with stable blood glucose (P ＞ 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that REE was significantly correlated with gender, age, body weight, body height, body surface area, and fat-free mass ( all P ＜ 0.05 ), but was not correlated with body mass index, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, haemoglobin Alc, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and haemoglobin (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Multiple regression analysis showed that fat free mass and age had the closest correlation with REE. Conclusions REE does not increase in T2DM patients with well controlled blood glucose. Factors that influence their REE are similar with healthy individuals. Determi nation of REE can provide useful information for the nutrition treatment of T2DM.

Objective To study the effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure ( REE ) and the relationships among REE, smoking , inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Methods A case control study of 31 smokers and 40 non-smokers with early stage of diabetic kidney disease( stage Ⅲ ) were performed to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on REE. REE/fat free mass( FFM ), biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde ( MDA ), superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and inflammation high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, TNFα were also measured in these subjects. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared with non-smokers, REE/FFM in smokers group was significantly increased by 15.96% ( P =0.001 ). Pearson analysis showed that smoking was significantly correlated with REE/FFM ( t = 0.395, P = 0.001 ). There were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers in MDA, SOD and hs-CRP ( P＜0.05 ). But no difference between two groups in adiponectin and TNFα ( P ＞ 0.05 ). No significant relationships between REE/FFM and MDA, SOD, hs-CRP, adiponectin, TNFα was found ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Chronic smoking can lead to increased REE, arouse oxidative stress and inflammatory in patients with early stage of diabetic kidney disease. However, there is no relationship between increased REE due to smoking and oxidative stress and inflammatory.

Objective To explore the roles of spinal microglial Src-family kinases (SFKs) in diabetic neuropathic pain. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200 ~ 220 g, were used in the experiments. The level of p-SFKs in spinal dorsal horn was detected by single immunofluorescence staining on day 7th , 14th and 28th after intraperitoneally injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) and its location was detected by double immunofluorescence staining. The changes of 50% paw-withdrawal thresholds of rat were detected by behavioral tests when PP2 , a specific inhibitor of SFKs , was intrathecally administered before intraperitoneally injection of STZ. Results Compared with vehicle group, the blood glucose level increased on day 1 (P < 0.001) and the hyperglycemia persisted at least for 28 days (P < 0.001) after intraperitoneally administered of STZ (50 mg/kg). Paw-withdrawal threshold (PWT) decreased gradually from day 1 (P < 0.05) and reached the minimum on day 28 (P < 0.001) after STZ administration. Meanwhile, the expression of p-SFKs in spinal dorsal horn markedly increased on day 7 (P < 0.01), day 14 (P < 0.01) and day 28 (P < 0.01). The p-SFKs was mainly co-localized only with microglia , but not with neurons or with astrocytes. Intrathecally administered of PP2 before STZ reversed STZ-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Conclusion Microglial SFKs in spinal dorsal horn maybe play a pivotal role in diabetic neuropathic pain.

AIM:To investigate the effects of P2X4 receptor on peri-sciatic administration of recombinant rat TNF-α(rrTNF)-induced mechanical allodynia.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180~200 g) were used in the experiments.The levels of P2X4 receptor on day 3, day 7 and day 14 after peri-sciatic administration of rrTNF were exam-ined by Western blot, and the location of P2X4 receptor in the spinal dorsal horn was observed by double immunofluores-cence staining.The changes of 50%paw-withdrawal thresholds of the rat were detected by behavioral test, and the level of TNF-αin the spinal dorsal horn was also examined by Western blot when TNP-ATP was intrathecally injected before the ad-ministration of rrTNF.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the expression of P2X4 receptor in the spinal dorsal horn on the ipsilateral side significantly increased on day 3, day 7 and day 14 (P<0.01) after rrTNF (100 ng/L) administra-tion.P2X4 receptor was co-localized only with microglia, but not with neurons or astrocytes.Intrathecal injection of TNP-ATP before rrTNF administration prevented mechanical allodynia induced by rrTNF and inhibited the upregulation of TNF-αin the spinal dorsal horn.CONCLUSION:P2X4 receptors in microglia may be involved in rrTNF-induced mechanical allodynia by the upregulation of TNF-αin the spinal dorsal horn.

OBJECTIVE: Dihydroartemisinin is a traditional anti-malarial drug, a derivative of the artemisinin, it has anti-tumor activity of a variety of tumor cells. This study investigated the effect of growth inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells line CNE-2 induced by dihydroartemisinin and its possible mechanism. METHOD: The effect of DHA on the cell proliferation of CNE-2 was detected by CCK-8 assay with different concentrations and time. The effects of DHA on the cell apoptosis of CNE-2 were detected by Annexin V-FITC assay through flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay. RESULT: CCK-8 experimental results show that CNE-2 cell proliferation was suppressed with DHA treatment, as compared with the control group. DHA could induce marked apoptosis in CNE-2 by apoptosis assay, as compared with the control group, The percentages of apoptotic cells increased along with the increase of DHA concentrations in CNE-2; The activity of caspase-3 was increased following DHA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION DHA could effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells line CNE-2, the possible mechanism DHA induce apoptosis of CNE-2 cells by upregulating the expression of caspase-3.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation among some biochemical indexes in the fluoride workers.

METHODSThe activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and the level of calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), IgG, IgA, IgM, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Se2+, F- in serum and in urine were measured in fifty male fluoride workers and fifty controls.

RESULTSThe levels of F-, CT, PTH, AKP and GSH-Px in serum and F- in urine in exposed group were significantly different from that in control group. Correlation analysis indicated that F- in urine and CAT(r = 0.3133, P < 0.05), CT and PTH(r = 0.5173, P < 0.01), Se2+ and CAT(r = 0.4354, P < 0.05) were positively correlated. There were significantly negative correlation between F- in serum and GSH-Px (r = -0.5202, P < 0.01) and positive correlation among Cu2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in serum.

CONCLUSION(1) Excess of fluoride may affect secretion of calcium adjusting hormone (CT, PTH); (2) Changes of AKP and GSH-Px may be regarded as health monitoring indexes; (3) The correlation of biochemical indexes plays an important role in studying the mechanism and the early prevention and treatment of industrial fluorosis.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; analysis ; Calcitonin ; analysis ; Catalase ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fluorides ; toxicity ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Parathyroid Hormone ; analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safeness of X-ray guided semilunar ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation through oval foramen in the treatment of tdgeminal neuralgia.Methods Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia,admitted to our hospital from July 2011 to July 2014,were successfully treated with X-ray guided semilunar ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation through oval foramen.Three,30 and 90 d after treatment,the treatment effectiveness was evaluated.The recurrence rates were calculated one and two years after treatment or to the date of their relapses to hospital.Results All patients showed obvious pain relief,with visual analogue scale scores decreasing from 8.82±0.84 to 1.14±0.91,to 0.40±0.58,and then to 0.18±0.38 on 3rd,30th and 90th d.Their qualities of sleep were improved:quality of sleep scale scores dropped from 3.75± 0.73 to 2.18±0.66,to 1.37±0.48,and then to 1.02±0.15,respectively.Meanwhile,patient satisfaction was increased:as patient satisfaction scale scores reduced from 2.90±0.34 to 1.35±0.58,to 1.10±0.30,and then to 1.06±0.24,respectively.The main complications were masticatory muscle weakness in 67 patients (7.34％),and corneal hypesthesia in 20 patients (2.45％).Postoperative recurrence rate was 5.71％ in one year,and 21.20％ in two years.The mean time of effective therapeutic duration was 22.33± 12.70 months.Conclusions X-ray guided semilunar ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation through oval foramen is effective and safe for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia,enjoying no severe complications and low recurrence rate.

Objective To study the irrational intravenous (IV) medication orders and promote rational medication applications.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the irrational prescriptions from January to December 2016.Results Among 39 948 IV medication orders reviewed, there were 134 irrational prescriptions of cytotoxic drugs (0.33％) and 222 irrational prescriptions of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)(0.56％).Within 356 irrational prescriptions, 19 had improper amount of diluent(5.34％), 95 inappropriate dosage(26.69％), 12 drug incompatibility(3.37％), 8 wrong diluent (2.24％) and 222 inappropriate TPN orders (62.36％).Conclusion The interventions of the clinical pharmacists are needed to reduce medication errors and improve the drug safety and effectiveness.

ObjectiveTo investigate the Character of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) in detoxification addicts in reeducation center.Methods100 detoxification addicts in reeducation center were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that the mean scores of all factors in detoxification addicts were higher than those of normal population, and there was difference between different drug dependence addicts.ConclusionThe detoxification addicts shows serious psychological disorders.