The sciatic nerves of rabbit were frozen with different temperatures(-20℃,-60℃, -- 100℃, -140℃ and 180℃).The morphology and function of the frozen nerves were examined with light microscopy (HE stain and histochemical thiocholism method), electron microscopy, and short latency sematesthelic evoked potentials(SSEP), sensory conduction velocity(SCV), electromyo-gram(EMG) at various time intervals after freezing. It was showed that there were no changes in morphology and function of nerves after being frozen at -20C. The nerve fibers showed signs of frozen degeneration and lost their conduction function at -60℃. However, the nerves could recover in this group. About one half of the nerve fibres frozen with -100℃ showed Wallerian degeneration, and the time of repair was delayed. But still the regeneration of nerves was complete. Necrosis of nerve fibers occurred immediately after freezing with -140℃ and-180℃. There were destruction of the basement membrane and proliferation of collagen fibers. The results explained the mechanism of cryoanalgesia clinically. We believe that the temperatures lower than -140℃ are optimal for cryoanalgesia.

Objective To study factors influencing injury severity of expressway traffic acci- dents. Methods Data of expressway traffic accidents involving casualties in areas around Hangzhou during 2005-2006 were collected and analyzed by non-conditional simple and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results (1) During 2005-2006, there were 220 traffic crashes involving 327 eases, of which there were 64 deaths (19.6%), 121 severe injuries (37.0%, ISS≥16 points) and 142 slight and mod- erate injuries (43.4%, 1 point≤ ISS≤15 points). (2) Non-conditional simple logistic regression analy- sis showed that risk factors significantly influencing the injury outcomes of traffic accidents included gen- der, weekday, weather, type of collision, vehicle type, driver category, purpose of vehicle use, purpose of travel and crash responsibility. (3) Non-conditional multiple logistic regression analysis manifested that influential factors were gender, type of collision, driver category and crash respensibihty. Conclu- sion Analysis of expressway traffic accidents data helps identify factors influencing injury severity of ex- pressway traffic accidents may provide suggestions for prevention or decrease of expressway traffic acci- dents.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of internal fixation for fractures of the acetabular anterior column or pubic rami through minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach.MethodsFrom June 2008 to June 2011,26 patients were surgically fixed with reconstructive plates through minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach.Sixteen cases were diagnosed as fractures of the acetabular anterior column,and ten as fractures of the pubic rami.The patient was positioned supine or lateral floating.The incision included two parts.The lateral part along the anterior one-third of the iliac crest about 3-5 cm.The insertion of the abdominal muscles and the origin of the iliacus were sharply incised from the crest.By subperiosteal dissection,the iliacus was elevated from the internal iliac fossa as far medially as to expose the anterior inferior iliac spine,iliopubic eminence and acetabular anterior column.The medial part of the incision was from the pubic tubercle transverse lateral extend 2-3 cm.Subperiosteal dissection to expose the superior pubic ramus.Two windows were dissected subperiosteal to connect through a tunnel along the anterior column of the acetabulum and pubic ramus.Fractures were reduced,and reconstruction plates were contoured and placed through the tunnel.Two or three screws were used at each window to fix the fractures.ResultsAccording to Matta evaluation system,anatomic reductions of the hip were in 13 cases,good in 11 and fair in 2 cases.Twenty-three patients were followed up from 6 to 30 months(mean,15.6 months).Hip functions were excellent in 13 patients,good in 6,and fair in 4 patients according to the D'Aubigne scores system.Pelvic functional results showed 12 were excellent,9 were good and 2 were fair according to Majeed scores system.No complications such as infection or deep venous thrombosis occurred.ConclusionThis modified ilioinguinal approach,with less operation time and low rate of complications,is simple and minimally invasive.It is easy for surgeons to perform plate moulding and could provide firm fixation.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of the floating injury of symphysis pubis and clinical outcome of open reduction and internal fixation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 48 patients who had been treated in our department with open reduction and internal fixation for the floating injury of Symphysis pubis from January 2008 to January 2013.There were 31 males and 17 females,with an average age of 36.5 years (range,20 to 61 years).Thirty-five patients were injured in traffic accidents and 8 were injured by falling injuries,and the other 5 were crushed by maehine.Fortyfive cases were complicated with fractures of the posterior pelvis ring; 14 cases were complicated with acetabular fractures; 17 cases were complicated with extremity fractures; 1 1 cases were complicated with thoracic and abdominal injuries and 6 cases were associated with urogenital system injury.The average period from trauma to operation was 7 days (range,3 to 25 days).Operation was performed under general anesthesia.The bilateral pubic ramus fractures were fixed with reconstruction plate in 41 cases,and 7 cases were fixed with cannulated screw through minimally invasive method.Forty-one cases with posterior ring fractures were fixed simulaneously.Results There were 44 patients being followed up with an average period of 16 months (range,12 to 30 months).All the fractures of the pelvis were clinically healed with an average period of 12.6 weeks (range,10 to 16 weeks).According 图o the Majeed score system,the functional results were exc ellent in 30 cases,good in 10 cases,and fair in 4 cases; The average score was 81.5 (range,60 to 100).Two patients who had wound fat liquefaction at 3 days after operation were healed by dressing changing; 8 patients got deep vein thrombosis at 10 days (range,5 to 15 days) after operation were cured by conservative treatment; 3 patients got supra pubic pain at 6 days (range,5 to 7 days) after operation were healed by oral non steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs and physical therapy in one year.Conclusion Floating injury of symphysis pubis is a kind of severe pelvic fracture which affects the stability of pelvic ring.Open reduction and internal fixation is a good method to stabilize the pelvis ring and to get early rehabilitation.This may contribute to good clinical resuls and good function.

Because of the changed metabolic behaviors of cancer cells, tumor cells uptake a corresponding larger amount of glucose in physiological condition when compared with normal cells. And they were prone to metabolize glucose for generating energy in anaerobic glycolysis ways in order to grow quickly. Anaerobic glycolysis consumes more glucose than aerobic way when the same amount of energy is obtained, which also results in large demand of glucose in tumor cells. This review briefly describes therapy methods related to characteristic mentioned above, and summarizes the research progress of drugs, diagnostic reagents and carriers conjugated with glucose, glucose derivatives or other kinds of sugars for cancer targeting. Furthermore, typically relative research reports from 2012 till now were listed and analyzed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the penetration effects and mechanism of N-arginine chitosan (ACS). This novel transdermal enhancer with a mimetic structure of cell-penetration peptides was synthesized by introducing hydrophilic arginine groups to the amino-group on chitosan's side chain. The structure of ACS was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and element analysis. In addition, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to study the protein conformation and the water content of stratum corneum, and the result suggested that ACS can change the orderly arrangement of the molecules in the stratum corneum, making the stack structure of keratin become loose. And ACS can increase the water content of the stratum corneurn. Inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to examine penetration effect of ACS on Hacat cell. The result confirmed that the uptake of ACS was enhanced with increased substitution degree of arginine by 4-8 folds compared to chitosan. In vitro penetration studies on three electrical types of drugs were carried out using three model drugs of negatively charged aspirin, positively charged terazosin and neutral drug isosorbide mononitrate by the method of Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that ACS has obviously penetration of the negatively charged drug aspirin, and certain penetration of neutral drug issorbide mononitrate, but inhibition of positively charged terazosin. In vivo imaging technology research results show that the ACS can significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity of morin, which is the auto-fluorescence anionic drug. These obtained results suggested that ACS, as a promising transdermal enhancer, can change the structure of the keratinocytes and analog penetrating peptides promote absorption, but have certain selectivity for the drug.

To investigate the rat intestinal absorption of stearic acid-octaarginine (SA-R8) modified solid lipid nanoparticles containing paclitaxel (SA-R8-PTX-SLN), compared with the commercially available preparation of PTX (Taxol) and PTX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PTX-SLN), the in situ intestinal absorption of SA-R8-PTX-SLN was investigated by means of single-pass rat intestinal perfusion technique. The absorptions of the preparations were investigated at different intestinal segments, different drug concentrations and in the presence of P-glycoprotein inhibitor (verapamil). The results showed that PTX could be absorbed at each intestinal segment and the three preparations all showed maximum absorptions at the duodenum. The cumulative absorptions of three preparations at each intestinal segment appeared SA-R8-PTX-SLN > PTX-SLN > Taxol (P < 0.05). SA-R8-PTX-SLN showed a liner absorption manner at the duodenum in the examined drug concentration range. The cumulative absorptions of Taxol and PTX-SLN were significantly promoted after the addition of P-glycoprotein inhibitor (verapamil) into the preparation (P < 0.05), but absorption of SA-R8-PTX-SLN existed no significantly difference compared with the preparation without verapamil (P > 0.05). SA-R8 and SLN might both effectively improve the oral absorption of PTX in the intestinal tract.

AIM: Through detecting bone marrow angiogenic mediators and inhibitors in aplastic anemia(AA) patients,the value of angionesis in AA pathogenesis was elucidated.METHODS: The patients were divided into severe AA group(SAA,8 patients),non severe AA group(NSAA,10 patients),and normal control group(7 persons),5 patients were observed before treating(group beginning) and getting improvement(group improving).The angiogenic mediators vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and bFGF were detected by ELISA,angiogenic inhibitors IFN? and TSP were detected by ELISA and flow cytometry,respectively.RESULTS: The levels of VEGF were lower in SAA group and NSAA group than those in control group significantly(P

Objective To explore the clinical features of infection in multiple myeloma (MM)undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Methods Thirty-seven patients with MM undergoing ASCT were retrospectively analyzed for type and time of infection, pathogen, and outcome. Results Fifty-nine cases of infectious complications occurred in 33 patients (89. 2% ) after ASCT, with 34 cases (57.6%) of bacterial infections in 30 patients, 15 cases (25.4%) of fungal infections in 12 patients, 4 cases (6. 8% ) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 3 cases (5. 1% ) of herpes zoster virus infection and 3 cases (5. 1% ) of HBV reactivation. The proportion of bacterial infection, fungal infection and virus infection were 62. 8%, 28.6% and 8. 6% respectively in the early stage after ASCT, and 50. 0%, 20. 8% and 29. 3% respectively in the median stage. Response to first-line antibiotic therapy was seen in 38 cases (64. 4% ). Infection-related mortality was 8. 1% (3 cases). Conclusions The incidence of infection in MM patients undergoing ASCT is high and they are susceptible to all pathogens. It is important to choose the right antifungal agents as quickly as possible to reduce infection-related mortality.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of self-expandable nitinol mesh stent (SENMT) for advanced rectal cancer accompanied with obstruction. Methods　Clinical data were retrospectively analysed on 12 patients with advanced rectal cancer accompanied with acute or chronic obstruction treated by the stent placement. Results　SENMT was placed successfully in 10 patients including replacement in 2 patients because of the stent was migrated. The bowel movement recovered in all of the 10 patients. Ten patients were followed-up, 5 cases died within 56-720 days, and 5 others survived without intestinal obstruction for 6-15 months. The stent failed to be placed in other 2 patients. Conclusions　SENMT may be useful in the management of terminal or high-risk surgical patients for palliative purposes. Palliation management of stent placement combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy might prolong the survival time of these patients.