AIM: To study the altion of aminophylline or doxapram attenuate somnolence induced by postoperative intravenous analgesia with butorphanol.METHODS: One hundred and five adult patients were randomly divided into three groups under epidural blockade.0.01% butorphanol and 0.25% aminophylline analgesia-pump(groupⅠ,n=35),0.01% butorphanol and 0.15% doxapram analgesia-pump(groupⅡ,n=35),and 0.01% butorphanol analgesia-pump(group Ⅲ,n=35).Lethargy and analgesia effect were compared.RESULTS: The analgesia effects were satisfactory in the three groups after operation.conscious-sedation score(OAA/S)(at 8-24 h after operation)in groupⅢ was higher than those in groupⅠand Ⅱ(P

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among the elderly at Tanggu community in Tainjin. Methods The elderly inhabitants were drawn out randomly from one community at Tanggu in Tianjin to examine the MS-related indexes. There were 623 samples with complete data aged (67.4±6.0) years, including 261 males with mean age of (68.3±6.1) years and 362 females with mean age of (66.9±6.0) years. Diagnosis of MS was done by criteria of Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch in 2004. Results The standardized prevalence of MS for the elderly in the community was 18.5% with the highest risk group aged 60～69 years. Standardized prevalences of hypertension, high triglycerides, high blood sugar, overweight, obesity, low HDL-C were 49.5%, 38.8%, 25.3%, 42.0%, 4.2%, 3.0% in the elderly. Conclusions The prevalence of MS in the elderly is lower in Tanggu community in Tianjin than in Shanghai, Foshan in Guangdong, Qingdao in Shandong and Beijing city. The condition in female is more severe than in male, the highest prevalence occurs in hypertension, and overweight, high triglycerides and high blood sugar follow it, but few of them are obesity, low HDL-C is fewer too.

The osteogenic in vitro effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on SD rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was investigated. Rat ADSCs underwent LIPUS (intensity=100 mW/cm(2)) or sham exposure for 8 min per treatment once everyday in vitro, and then the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation were assessed to evaluate the osteogenic effect of LIPUS on ADSCs. To further explore the underlying mechanism, the osteogenic-related gene mRNA expression was determined by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day after exposure repectively. Westen blot was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of two osteogenic differentiation associated genes at 7th and 14th day repectively. It was found that ALP activity was increased after LIPUS exposure and LIPUS resulted in mineralized nodule formation of ADSCs in vitro. LIPUS-treated ADSCs displayed higher mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), ALP and bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes than controls, and the protein levels of Runx2 and BSP were also increased. The results suggested that LIPUS may induce the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Dahuang Zhechongwan （DHZCW） on adenine-induced renal fibrosis in rats from the perspective of intestinal flora. MethodThirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， and high-， medium- and low-dose DHZCW groups （0.168， 0.084， 0.042 g·kg^-1）， and a pirfenidone group （200 mg·kg^-1）， with 6 rats in each group. Except for those in the blank group， rats in other groups were treated with adenine suspension （250 mg·kg^-1） by gavage for 28 days for renal fibrosis model induction. Subsequently， they received drug intervention for 4 weeks. Urine samples were collected from rats in metabolic cages， and renal function indicators including blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， urea， creatinine （Crea）， cystatin C （Cys C）， and 24-hour urine protein （24 h TP） were measured. Kidney samples were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson's trichrome staining to observe the pathological changes in rat renal tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of key effector proteins α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， and type Ⅲ collagen （ColⅢ） in the kidneys. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to analyze the species diversity of rat intestinal flora. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased BUN， urea， Crea， Cys C， and 24 h TP levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high-， medium-， and low-dose DHZCW groups， as well as the pirfenidone group， showed significant reductions in BUN， urea， Crea， Cys C， and 24 h TP levels （P<0.01）， indicating that DHZCW intervention significantly improved renal function. In the model group， renal tissues exhibited significant fibrotic changes， and the protein levels of α-SMA， ColⅠ， and ColⅢ were significantly increased （P<0.01） compared to those in the blank group. Compared with the model group， the high-dose DHZCW group and the pirfenidone group had relatively normal tissue structure， with no significant pathological damage observed. However， fibrotic changes were observed in the medium- and low-dose DHZCW groups， with the changes being more significant in the low-dose group. The protein levels of α-SMA， ColⅠ， and ColⅢ were significantly decreased in the high-， medium-， and low-dose DHZCW groups， as well as the pirfenidone group （P<0.01）， indicating that DHZCW effectively reduced abnormal collagen deposition and inhibited renal fibrosis. From the perspective of intestinal flora， at the phylum level， compared with the blank group， the model group showed a significant increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes， leading to a significant imbalance in their ratio. At the family level， the model group decreased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae， Prevotellaceae， and Bacteroidota_unclassified， and increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae， Lactobacillaceae， and Oscillospiraceae. At the genus level， the model group showed significantly reduced abundance of Firmicutes_unclassified， Bacteroidota_unclassified， and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001， etc.， and increased abundance of UCG-005， Clostridia_UCG-014_unclassified， etc. Compared with the model group， DHZCW effectively reduced the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria， regulating the intestinal flora. ConclusionDHZCW can effectively improve renal function and inhibit renal fibrosis， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora.