OBJECTIVE: We investigated the development of the studying of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and elucidated the feasibility of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease. DATA SOURCES: Using the key terms "mesenchymal stem cells, Parkinson disease, gene transfer", we searched the MEDLINE database for the articles published in English from January 2000 to December 2005. Meanwhile, Wanfang database was retrieved for the relevant articles published during the same period, with the keywords of "Parkinson's disease, gene therapy, gene transfer, mesenchymal stem cells" in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly and those were relevant to gene therapy of Parkinson disease, differentiation of MSCs into nerve stem cells, or the therapy of MSCs transplantation for Parkinson disease. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 158 articles including 32 Chinese and 126 English were collected, finally 30 articles of them were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Parkinson disease is a very normal disorder of central nerve systematic degeneration, which pathological change is the damage of dopamine neuron in substantia nigra. Nowadays the systematic study of Parkinson disease indicates that transplantation of MSCs has a potential prospective application. Due to the autospecific superiority, MSCs become an engineering cell of Parkinson disease therapy. In recent years there are a lot of researches on genetic modification about MSCs that involved in gene therapy as an ideal target cell. MSCs can improve the dopamine synthesis and decrease the death of dopaminergic neuron. Target gene encoding enzymes in the route of dopamine synthesis, such as Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase and neural protective molecule including neurotrophic factor and anti-apoptosis protein, is in the state of animal experiments, which provide great space for treating neurodegenerative disease-Parkinson disease. CONCLUSION: As MSCs are the plentiful sources of engineering cells, which have an extensive prospective application, it has potential clinical value in treating Parkinson disease, especially in gene therapy of Parkinson's disease.

Objective To evaluate the quality of Hedysari Radix from different producing areas in Gansu Province by setting Hedysari Radix from different producing areas in Gansu Province as study subjects and trace elements in Hedysari Radix as evaluation indexes; To provide the references for establishment of the quality standards of Hedysari Radix.Methods The content of Fe, Cu, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cr, Co, Na, Li, Ni and K in Hedysari Radix were detected by using flame atomic absorbption method. Data were analyzed by the factor analysis conducted by SPSS21.0 software. The common factors were extracted by principal component and analytic function for quality comprehensive ranking was established.ResultsThree common factors were extracted, namely F1, F2, and F3. The quality function was Y=0.657F1+0.119F2+0.089F3. Cr, Li, Co, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg were the characteristic trace elements of Hedysari Radix that could affect the quality of Hedysari Radix. When the quality of Hedysari Radix was evaluated by the contents of trace elements, the quality of wild Hedysari Radix were better than cultivated Hedysari Radix and the quality rank was consistent with the idea that Longnan is the main producing area of Hedysari Radix. The quality of samples from Dingxi area was better.Conclusion The quality evaluation of Hedysari Radix based on trace elements shows the differences in Hedysari Radix from different producing areas in Gansu Province and the results are relatively reasonable.

ABSTRCT OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between contents of active ingredients in Hedysarum polybotrys and ecologi-cal factors. METHODS:HPLC was used for the simultaneous determination of calycosin and formononetin in H. polybotrys;UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of hedysari polysaccharide;and hot-dip method was used to determine the con-tent of extracts in H. polybotrys. Factor analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between contents of active ingredients and ecological factors. RESULTS:4 common factors,which were heat,geography,illumination and precipitation,were extracted. The heat was an ecological dominant factor influencing the quality of H. polybotrys. And ≥10 ℃ accurnulated temperature was the most significant variate influencing hedysari polysaccharide,latitude was the most significant variate influencing the contents of ca-lycosin and formononetin H. polybotrys;and annual averge amount of radiation was the most significant variate influencing content of extracts in H. polybotrys. CONCLUSIONS:Different ecological factors have different effects on the contents of active ingredi-ents in H. polybotrys,and it is the result of the combined effect of various of ecological factors.

Objective To explore the relationship between apathy and lesion location and serum homocysteine during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Methods 152 patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited. 152 volunteers from medical center were as control group. The Apathy Scale (AS) was used to assess poststroke apathy (PSA). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used to evaluate the lesion location. Modified Fazekas Scale was used to assess leukoaraiosis. The serum levels of homocysteine of patients were determined. Results The prevalence of PSA was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that frontal lesion (P=0.001), basal ganglia lesion (P=0.006), pons lesion (P=0.002) and higher homocysteine level (P<0.001) significantly related with PSA. Conclusion Frontal lesion, basal ganglia lesion, pons lesion and higher homocysteine level may be predictors for apathy in acute stage of ischemic stroke.

Objective To analyze the characteristic changes of trace elements from Hedysari Radix in different months;To provide references for the choice of the best harvest periods. Methods Trace elements of Hedysari Radix from different months (June, July, August, September, October and November) were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and analyzed by single factors analysis of variance, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and factors analysis. Results There was obvious significance between the contents of Cu and Co (P<0.05), and there was obvious significance among the contents of Fe, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cr, Na, Li, Ni and K (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that months had positive correlation with Cu, had a negative correlation with Fe, Na, Mn, Cr and Li contents, and had significantly negative correlation with Ca, Mg contents. Mn, Cr, Ni, K and Na were the characteristics of trace elements from Hedysari Radix in different months. The different months samples could be divided into two categories of June, July, August, September samples (Ⅰ) and October, November samples (Ⅱ). Conclusion There is close relationship between the contents of trace elements from Hedysari Radix and months. The information and metabolic patterns of trace elements from Hedysari Radix in June, July, August, September (immature) samples are close or similar;the information of trace elements in October, November (nearly mature or maturing) samples are close or similar. Study on harvest times of Hedysari Radix by trace element as an indicator is with certain rationality.

Objective To discuss the correlativity of the characteristics of trace elements and the quality in Hedysari Radix in different growth ages by taking the Hedysari Radix with different growth ages in Gansu as the research objects. Methods Hedysari Radix in different growth ages was collected. The contents of 12 trace elements in Hedysari Radix were detected by using flame atomic absorptions pectrophotometer.The multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, discriminant analysis and factor analysis were performed by SPSS21.0. Results The contents of Ni, Mg, and Mn were significant in Hedysari Radix with different growth ages. The growth ages had significantly negative correlation with Zn contents and had significantly positive correlation with Li contents. The contents of Cu, Fe, Ca, K, Zn, Na, and Mn and growth ages existed Fisher linear. The quality of Hedysari Radix with different growth ages had difference;the quality of Hedysari Radix with 2-year-old growth ages also had difference; the quality of 3 and 4-year-old Hedysari Radix was better than 6 and 8-year-old. Conclusion There are closely relationships between growth and the contents of certain trace elements. The quality of Hedysari Radix has some relationships with the contents of trace elements.

Objective To investigate whether apathy during the acute stage of stroke was related to glycated hemoglobin and homocysteine(Hcy) and functional disability,and to elucidate possible factors that are related to poststroke apathy (PSA).Methods Totally 298 patients with acute cerebral infarction who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.The control group of 298 volunteers was recruited from medical center in our hospital during the same period.The apathy scale (AS) was used to assess PSA within 2 weeks after stroke.Patients with an AS score≥ 14 points were defined as PSA,and the patients were divided into apathy group (A group) and non-apathy group (NA group) according to AS score.Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess functional disability.Functional disability in daily living activities was assessed with the Barthel Index(BI).Serum levels of Hcy,glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1 c),lipid series and fibrinogen of patients were determined.Results The prevalence of PSA in patients was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.01).In the case group,A group had an older age,higher mRS score,higher Hcy level,lower educational level,lower BI score,and lower HbA1C level than the NA group(P ＜0.05).In the A group,the mRS score was positively correlated with the AS score(B =1.508,P =0.003),serum Hcy level was positively correlated with the AS score(B =0.170,P =0.013),the HbA1C level was negatively correlated with the AS score(B =-0.872,P =0.031).Conclusions The serum Hcy level,HbA1C level and functional disability are closely related to apathy during the acute stage of ischemic stroke.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1αis a kind of hypoxia response factor. Acute cerebral ischemia and anoxia can induce up-regula-tion of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, and the downstream genes, which plays a role in both the energy metabolism and collateral circulation after cerebral ischemia. Neural stem and progenitor cells regeneration also benefit the functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Hypoxia in-ducible factor-1αmay induce proliferation and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells through Notch, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, etc., in the ischemic stroke model.

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of Baitiao Codonopsis Radix with different commercial grades; To provide the basis for the rational utilization of Codonopsis Radix.MethodsTotally 54 batchs of Baitiao Codonopsis Radix with different commercial grades from main producing areas in Gansu were collected. The contents of lobetyolin and atractylenoideⅢ in Codonopsis Radix were detected by HPLC. Colorimetric method was used to detect the content of polysaccharide in the Codonopsis Radix. Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition was referred to detect the content of extractum. One way ANOVA and factor analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate the data.ResultsLobetyolin and atractylenoideⅢ were all negatively correlated with commercial grades. The results of the principal component factor ranking showed that the samples were not sorted by the order of commercial grades, with commercial grade two ranking in the forefront.Conclusion The quality of Baitiao Codonopsis Radix with different commercial grades is different, and the quality of commercial grade two is better than other commercial grades.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of Angelica sinensis. METHODS: The reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response methodology based on single factor test using volume fraction of extraction solvent ethanol, solide-liquid ration, extraction time, extraction times as investigation factors, the content of total flavonoids in extract as evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was that volume fractions of ethanol were 70％ and 50％; solid-liquid ratios were 1: 40 and 1: 30; extraction time were 1. 3 h and 1. 7 h; The number of extraction times is two times. In verification test, the contents of total flavonoids were 7. 253 6, 25. 144 1 mg/g (RSD= 1. 57％, 1. 49％, n = 3); relative errors of those to predicted value (6. 942 8, 25. 703 5 mg/g) were 4. 28％, 2. 24％. CONCLUSIONS: Optimized extraction technology for total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis is simple, reproducible and predictable.