OBJECTIVE: We investigated the development of the studying of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and elucidated the feasibility of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease. DATA SOURCES: Using the key terms "mesenchymal stem cells, Parkinson disease, gene transfer", we searched the MEDLINE database for the articles published in English from January 2000 to December 2005. Meanwhile, Wanfang database was retrieved for the relevant articles published during the same period, with the keywords of "Parkinson's disease, gene therapy, gene transfer, mesenchymal stem cells" in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly and those were relevant to gene therapy of Parkinson disease, differentiation of MSCs into nerve stem cells, or the therapy of MSCs transplantation for Parkinson disease. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 158 articles including 32 Chinese and 126 English were collected, finally 30 articles of them were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Parkinson disease is a very normal disorder of central nerve systematic degeneration, which pathological change is the damage of dopamine neuron in substantia nigra. Nowadays the systematic study of Parkinson disease indicates that transplantation of MSCs has a potential prospective application. Due to the autospecific superiority, MSCs become an engineering cell of Parkinson disease therapy. In recent years there are a lot of researches on genetic modification about MSCs that involved in gene therapy as an ideal target cell. MSCs can improve the dopamine synthesis and decrease the death of dopaminergic neuron. Target gene encoding enzymes in the route of dopamine synthesis, such as Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase and neural protective molecule including neurotrophic factor and anti-apoptosis protein, is in the state of animal experiments, which provide great space for treating neurodegenerative disease-Parkinson disease. CONCLUSION: As MSCs are the plentiful sources of engineering cells, which have an extensive prospective application, it has potential clinical value in treating Parkinson disease, especially in gene therapy of Parkinson's disease.

ABSTRCT OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between contents of active ingredients in Hedysarum polybotrys and ecologi-cal factors. METHODS:HPLC was used for the simultaneous determination of calycosin and formononetin in H. polybotrys;UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of hedysari polysaccharide;and hot-dip method was used to determine the con-tent of extracts in H. polybotrys. Factor analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between contents of active ingredients and ecological factors. RESULTS:4 common factors,which were heat,geography,illumination and precipitation,were extracted. The heat was an ecological dominant factor influencing the quality of H. polybotrys. And ≥10 ℃ accurnulated temperature was the most significant variate influencing hedysari polysaccharide,latitude was the most significant variate influencing the contents of ca-lycosin and formononetin H. polybotrys;and annual averge amount of radiation was the most significant variate influencing content of extracts in H. polybotrys. CONCLUSIONS:Different ecological factors have different effects on the contents of active ingredi-ents in H. polybotrys,and it is the result of the combined effect of various of ecological factors.

Objective To evaluate the quality of Hedysari Radix from different producing areas in Gansu Province by setting Hedysari Radix from different producing areas in Gansu Province as study subjects and trace elements in Hedysari Radix as evaluation indexes; To provide the references for establishment of the quality standards of Hedysari Radix.Methods The content of Fe, Cu, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cr, Co, Na, Li, Ni and K in Hedysari Radix were detected by using flame atomic absorbption method. Data were analyzed by the factor analysis conducted by SPSS21.0 software. The common factors were extracted by principal component and analytic function for quality comprehensive ranking was established.ResultsThree common factors were extracted, namely F1, F2, and F3. The quality function was Y=0.657F1+0.119F2+0.089F3. Cr, Li, Co, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg were the characteristic trace elements of Hedysari Radix that could affect the quality of Hedysari Radix. When the quality of Hedysari Radix was evaluated by the contents of trace elements, the quality of wild Hedysari Radix were better than cultivated Hedysari Radix and the quality rank was consistent with the idea that Longnan is the main producing area of Hedysari Radix. The quality of samples from Dingxi area was better.Conclusion The quality evaluation of Hedysari Radix based on trace elements shows the differences in Hedysari Radix from different producing areas in Gansu Province and the results are relatively reasonable.

Objective To analyze the characteristic changes of trace elements from Hedysari Radix in different months;To provide references for the choice of the best harvest periods. Methods Trace elements of Hedysari Radix from different months (June, July, August, September, October and November) were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and analyzed by single factors analysis of variance, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and factors analysis. Results There was obvious significance between the contents of Cu and Co (P<0.05), and there was obvious significance among the contents of Fe, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cr, Na, Li, Ni and K (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that months had positive correlation with Cu, had a negative correlation with Fe, Na, Mn, Cr and Li contents, and had significantly negative correlation with Ca, Mg contents. Mn, Cr, Ni, K and Na were the characteristics of trace elements from Hedysari Radix in different months. The different months samples could be divided into two categories of June, July, August, September samples (Ⅰ) and October, November samples (Ⅱ). Conclusion There is close relationship between the contents of trace elements from Hedysari Radix and months. The information and metabolic patterns of trace elements from Hedysari Radix in June, July, August, September (immature) samples are close or similar;the information of trace elements in October, November (nearly mature or maturing) samples are close or similar. Study on harvest times of Hedysari Radix by trace element as an indicator is with certain rationality.

Objective To discuss the correlativity of the characteristics of trace elements and the quality in Hedysari Radix in different growth ages by taking the Hedysari Radix with different growth ages in Gansu as the research objects. Methods Hedysari Radix in different growth ages was collected. The contents of 12 trace elements in Hedysari Radix were detected by using flame atomic absorptions pectrophotometer.The multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, discriminant analysis and factor analysis were performed by SPSS21.0. Results The contents of Ni, Mg, and Mn were significant in Hedysari Radix with different growth ages. The growth ages had significantly negative correlation with Zn contents and had significantly positive correlation with Li contents. The contents of Cu, Fe, Ca, K, Zn, Na, and Mn and growth ages existed Fisher linear. The quality of Hedysari Radix with different growth ages had difference;the quality of Hedysari Radix with 2-year-old growth ages also had difference; the quality of 3 and 4-year-old Hedysari Radix was better than 6 and 8-year-old. Conclusion There are closely relationships between growth and the contents of certain trace elements. The quality of Hedysari Radix has some relationships with the contents of trace elements.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1αis a kind of hypoxia response factor. Acute cerebral ischemia and anoxia can induce up-regula-tion of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, and the downstream genes, which plays a role in both the energy metabolism and collateral circulation after cerebral ischemia. Neural stem and progenitor cells regeneration also benefit the functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Hypoxia in-ducible factor-1αmay induce proliferation and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells through Notch, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, etc., in the ischemic stroke model.

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of Baitiao Codonopsis Radix with different commercial grades; To provide the basis for the rational utilization of Codonopsis Radix.MethodsTotally 54 batchs of Baitiao Codonopsis Radix with different commercial grades from main producing areas in Gansu were collected. The contents of lobetyolin and atractylenoideⅢ in Codonopsis Radix were detected by HPLC. Colorimetric method was used to detect the content of polysaccharide in the Codonopsis Radix. Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition was referred to detect the content of extractum. One way ANOVA and factor analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate the data.ResultsLobetyolin and atractylenoideⅢ were all negatively correlated with commercial grades. The results of the principal component factor ranking showed that the samples were not sorted by the order of commercial grades, with commercial grade two ranking in the forefront.Conclusion The quality of Baitiao Codonopsis Radix with different commercial grades is different, and the quality of commercial grade two is better than other commercial grades.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of Angelica sinensis. METHODS: The reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response methodology based on single factor test using volume fraction of extraction solvent ethanol, solide-liquid ration, extraction time, extraction times as investigation factors, the content of total flavonoids in extract as evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was that volume fractions of ethanol were 70％ and 50％; solid-liquid ratios were 1: 40 and 1: 30; extraction time were 1. 3 h and 1. 7 h; The number of extraction times is two times. In verification test, the contents of total flavonoids were 7. 253 6, 25. 144 1 mg/g (RSD= 1. 57％, 1. 49％, n = 3); relative errors of those to predicted value (6. 942 8, 25. 703 5 mg/g) were 4. 28％, 2. 24％. CONCLUSIONS: Optimized extraction technology for total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis is simple, reproducible and predictable.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of 25G+and 27G+pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for vitreous hemorrhage.Methods Fifty patients(50 eyes)with vitreous hemorrhage treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from December 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into a 25G+group and a 27G+group according to different surgical methods.Patients in the 25G+group underwent 25G+PPV treatment,and patients in the 27G+group underwent 27G+PPV treatment.The operation time and the incidence of intraoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Before surgery and 3 months after surgery,the visual acuity of patients in the 2 groups was examined by using the standard visual acuity chart of early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS)group,and the intraocular pressure of patients in the 2 groups was measured by using the Callon non-contact tonometer.Postoperative complications and subconjunctival hemorrhage scope of patients in the 2 groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,preoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure of patients between the 25 G+group and the 27G+group(P＜0.05).The operation time of patients in the 25G+group was significantly shorter than that in the 27G+group(P＜0.05).At 1 day after surgery,the subconjunctival hemorrhage scope of patients in the 27G+group was significantly smaller than that in the 25 G+group(P＜0.05).Patients in both the 25 G+and 27 G+groups had significantly better ETDRS visual acuity at 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery compared with before surgery(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant differencein the ETDRS visual acuity of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery(P＞0.05).The intraocular pressure of patients in the 25G+group was significantly lower than that in the 27 G+group at 1 day after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure of patients between the 25G+group and the 27G+group at 1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery(P＞0.05).At 1 day after surgery,transient hypotonia was observed in 3 patients in the 25 G+group,while no hypotonia was observed in the 27 G+group.In the 25G+group,13 eyes(52.0％)underwent incision suture due to incision seepage when the scleral puncture cannulae were removed,while in the 27G+group,no scleral incision suture was performed.No iatrogenic injury occurred during the operation in both groups.During the 3-month follow-up,no intraocular infection or choroidal detachment was found in both groups.Conclusion Both 25G+PPV and 27G+PPV can achieve better clinical efficacy in treating vitreous hemorrhage,and the operation is safe and reliable.Compared with 25G+PPV,27G+PPV can significantly reduce subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema and stabilize intraocular pressure of patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore and analyze the adverse drug event （ADE） signals of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide， to provide a reference for safe drug use in the clinic. METHODS ADE reports related to cinacalcet and etelcalcetide were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from January 1st， 2004 to June 30th， 2023 using the OpenVigil online tool. The Bayesian confidence propagation neural network method was adopted to detect the signals of ADE from the key organ systems. The signals were encoded according to the preferred term in the ADE terminology set of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities （26.0 edition）. RESULTS A total 41 709 and 1 710 ADE reports were extracted， and 29 and 45 safety signals were detected in key systems for cinacalcet and etelcalcetide， respectively； 20 and 36 positive signals were not included in the drug instructions. Hypocalcemia/decreased serum calcium， abnormal blood parathyroid hormone （PTH）/increased or decreased serum PTH were common ADEs of the two drugs， which were detected in the study. Among the signals not included in the drug instructions， new moderate and strong signals were detected， such as cinacalcet-induced calcification defense （metabolic and nutritional diseases）， bone starvation syndrome and high conversion bone diseases （musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases） as well as etelcalcetide-induced sudden death， necrosis and treatment of non-responders （general disorders， administration site）， unstable angina pectoris， myocardial ischemia （cardiac diseases）， intestinal perforation， gastric antrum vasodilation and gastric ulcer （gastrointestinal diseases）. CONCLUSIONS In the clinical application of the two drugs， apart from the common ADEs such as hypocalcemia and abnormal blood PTH， the surveillance of some new potential ADEs should also be carried out， such as bone starvation syndrome， calcification defense， ventricular disease and other cinacalcet-induced ADEs， sudden death， myocardial ischemia， unstable angina pectoris， intestinal perforation， gastric ulcer and other etecalcetide-induced ADEs. If new ADEs appear， clinic should promptly assess the benefits and risks， and update the treatment plan and pharmacological monitoring plan to ensure the safety of patient medication.