BACKGROUND:Huperzine A is a reversible choline enzyme(CHE) inhibitor initially developed in China,which has favorable therapeutic effectiveness in benign memory dysfunction,and could significantly promote the learning process and memory reappearance in rodent animals. OBJECTIVE:To comprehend the impacts of Huperzine A on the enhancement of learning, memory and behavior in platform and maze experiments in D Galoctose(Gal) induced senile mouse model. DESIGN:A randomized and controlled trial. SETTING:Institute of Pharmaceuticals of Xinxiang Medical College. MATERIALS:Study was performed in the Laboratory of Physiology and the Institute of Pharmaceuticals of Xinxiang Medical College from January to December in 2002.A total of 100 healthy Kunming mice were selected for platform and electric maze experiments with 50 mice in each experiment.Huperzine A tablet was obtained from Henan Zhulin Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Company Limited(batch number:031001).D Gal is the product of Shanghai No.2 Reagent Factory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The latency in the safe area on the platform and the times of electric shock occurred within 5 minutes were observed in mice in platform experiment;the times of the mice mistakenly escaping to the right electric attacking area were observed in mice in electric maze experiment. CONCLUSION:Huperzine A can effectively improve the learning and memory ability of D Gal induced senile mice, and there is dose effect relationship within certain range. Qiu PY,Chen ZY,Wang YX,Zhang JX,Wu ZZ.Effects of Huperzine A on the memory and behavior in D galactose induced senile mice.Zhongguo Linchuang Kangfu 2005;9(4):247- 9(China) [www.zglckf.com]

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences of antibacterial agent products directory between China and America, and to provide reference for the relevant departments. METHODS:Using domestic and imported drug data released by China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA)and national drug code(NDC)issued by America Food and Drug Administration(FDA),anti-bacterial drugs of China and America were analyzed comparatively in respects of types,specification,the number of products, child-size dosage form,concentration ratio of manufacturers. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In CFDA’s and FDA’s directory of antibacterial drugs,the number of type,specification and product were 191 and 84,460 and 1 392,23 824 and 3 139,respective-ly. The number of child-size dosage form were 51 and 26. The number of products in enterprises with the top 10 product number ac-counted for 6.29% and 33.67%. In China,the type and specification of antibacterial drugs are abundant but low. It is recommend that antibacterial drugs’approval should be examined and supervised strictly. At the same time,products already marketed should be reselected and revaluated,and price or market mechanism should be adopted to promote the survival of the fittest of antibacterial drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To provide evidence for rational use and clinical monitoring of Alprostadil lipid-micro injection (Li-po-PGE1). METHODS:Adult inpatients receiving Lipo-PGE1 from hospital information system(HIS)of 159 hospitals were select-ed as research subject. Based on frequency statistics,population,clinical diagnosis,and average daily dose of Lipo-PGE1 were all studied. RESULTS:A total of 71687 adult inpatients were included,and the male was more than female,mostly aged 61-75. The hospitalization duration was 8-14 d(45.01%),most of patients were recovered(68.20%). Lipo-PGE1 was wildly used in the clin-ic,and was used for 871 kinds of clinical diseases in total;top 3 diseases were cerebral infarction(9.06%),non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (8.65%) and chronic ischemic heart disease (8.08%). The average daily dose of different diseases and different hospitals were significantly different,mostly≤12.5μg. CONCLUSIONS:As adjuvant drug,medical institutions and related super-vision departments should formulate reasonable monitoring index and strengthen medication guidance and evaluation of Lipo-PGE1.

BACKGROUND: Eggembryosin is characterized by tonifying kidney and vital essence, invigorating qi and spleen, replenishing and activating blood, beautifying and nourishing face, and improving constitution of whole organism.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of eggembryosin on aging index,quantity of hemocytes and quality of immune organs of animal models, and analyze its effect on cosmetology, anti-senility and immunoloregulation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Xinxiang Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology of Xinxiang Medical College between April 1998 and September 2002. A total of 80 Kunming mice of both sexes were selected in this study.METHODS: ① Effect of eggembryosin on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin and hydroxyproline respectively in serum, liver and tendon of tail of aging mice: Thirty mice were divided into 3 groups according to randomly lined table, including eggembryosin group, D-galactose model group and normal control group with 10 in each group. The former two groups were injected with D-galactose to copy aging models, and eggembryosin group were perfused with eggembryosin to measure activity of SOD in serum, content of MDA, lipofuscin (aging index) and hydroxyproline (elasric index of skin) respectively in serum, liver and tendon of tail. ② Effect of eggembryosin on mass of immune organs of mice with low immunological function: Thirty mice were selected and divided as the same way mentioned above. Mice in eggembryosin group were perfused with eggembryosin. In addition, those in eggembryosin group and cyclophosphamide (CAP) group were peritoneally injected with CAP to copy immunosuppression models and calculate index of thymus (spleen) (mg/g) = weight of thymus (spleen)/body. ③ Effect of eggembryosin on quantities of erythrocytes and hemoglobin of mice with blood deficiency: Twenty mice were divided into 2 groups according to randomly lined table, including eggembryosin group and normal control group with 10 in each group. Values of erythrocytes and hemoglobins of mice were measured before administration. Models in types of blood-deficiency blood-loss were copied with tail xsanguinations, and then, mice were perfused with eggembryosin and saline, respectively. Blood of mice were collected from their tails to measure values of erythrocytes and hemoglobin.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin and hydroxyproline respectively in serum, liver and tendon of tail of aging mice, index of thymus, and spleen, contents of blood erythrocytes and hemoglobins.RESULTS: A total of 80 mice were involved in the final analysis without any loss. ① Activity of SOD in serum and contents of hydroxyproline in tendon of tail of mice in eggembryosin group were significantly higher than those of mice in D-galactose model group (P ＜ 0.01); content of MDA in serum and content of lipofuscin in liver of mice in eggembryosin group were significantly lower than those of mice in D-galactose model group (P＜ 0.01). ② Indexes of thymus and spleen of mice in eggembryosin group were higher than those of mice in CAP group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ③ Increasing values of blood erythrocytes and hemoglobin of mice in eggembryosin group were significantly higher than those of mice in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Eggembryosin taken orally can improveanti-oxidation of organism and elasticity of skin, increase quality of immune organs damaged by CAP and immunological function, and nourish the blood.

Objective:To explore CT and MRI features of the endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST).Methods:The CT and MRI morphology confirmed by surgical pathology for 19 patients with ELST were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2019 in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The features of CT and MRI included location, size, adjacent structures invasion, CT values, bone destruction, features of T 1WI and T 2WI, enhancement distribution characteristics, dynamic enhancement curve morphology, DWI signal characteristics. The ADC values of the lesions and ipsilateral medial pterygoid muscles were compared using a paired t test. Results:Nineteen ELST patients (one with bilateral diseases) were included. Totally 20 ears (right 9 and left 11) of 13 females and 6 males were studied. The masses with slightly high-density and obscure boundary were located around the vestibular aqueduct at the posterior edge of the petrosal bone. Bone destruction involved mastoid process of the middle ear (16 ears), jugular foramen (11 ears), semicircular canal (10 ears), facial nerve canal (7 ears) and internal auditory canal (9 ears). A large amount of residual bone could be found in the interior of nineteen masses. The CT value was (78.6±21.9) HU. The lesion showed central iso-intensity and peripheral hyperintensity on T 1WI and T 2WI in 16 ears, while no obvious hyperintensity on T 1WI in the other 4 ears. The hyperintensity on T 1WI was around the margin of the lesion in 10 ears, situated at lateral side in 5 ears and all over the lesion in 1 ear. Flow voids signals could be seen in 9 ears as well. Liquid-liquid plane was seen on T 2WI in 2 ears. The solid mass portion which showed iso-intensity on both T 1WI and T 2WI presented marked enhancement on contrast-enhanced T 1WI, while other part of the mass no enhancement. DWI of 14 ears illustrates no evidence of restricted diffusion, and the ADC value [(1.25±0.08)×10 -3 mm 2/s] was slightly higher than that of the medial pterygoid muscles ( t=4.437, P=0.001). The style of time-signal intensity curves of the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was rapidly ascending followed by descending curves in 2 ears. Conclusion:Imaging findings of ELST have some characteristics, including located around the vestibular aqueduct at the posterior edge of the petrosal bone, bone destruction, peripheral hyperintensity on T 1WI and no restricted diffusion, which is helpful for its diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the value of conventional MRI and high resolution diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for preoperative discrimination between nasopharyngeal-skull base osteomyelitis (NP-SBO) and locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).Methods:From January 2017 to October 2021, 27 patients of NP-SBO and 32 patients of LA-NPC were retrospectively analyzed at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The clinical characteristics and conventional MRI features were collected, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of polygonal (ADC polygonal) and small circle were measured from readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains (RESOLVE) DWI. MRI features included laterality, margin, signal intensity of T 1WI and T 2WI, enhancement degree, component, abscess, deep mucosal white line, bone invasion, lymph nodes involvement and other accompany symphtoms. The independent sample t test, χ 2 test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the features and ADC values of the NP-SBO and LA-NPC groups. The logistic regression was applied to select independent predictors in the distinguishing LA-NPC from NP-SBO. Then, the conventional MRI model, ADC model and conventional MRI in combination with ADC model were built. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of models were compared using DeLong test. Results:The age, diabetic status, cranial nerve deficits, inner component, abscess, deep mucosal white line, lymph nodes involvement and ADC polygonal were significantly different between NP-SBO and LA-NPC groups ( P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that ADC polygonal (OR=0.972, 95%CI 0.951-0.993, P=0.011) and abscess (OR=0.101, 95%CI 0.013-0.774, P=0.027) were the independent predictors in the discrimination of NP-SBO and LA-NPC. The AUC (95%CI) of conventional MRI model (abscess), ADC model (ADC polygonal) and combination model were 0.634 (0.499-0.756), 0.870 (0.757-0.943), and 0.925(0.829-0.979), respectively. The AUC of combination model was higher than that of conventional MRI model ( Z=4.77, P<0.001), while there was no difference between combination model and ADC model ( Z=1.87, P=0.062). The AUC of conventional MRI model was lower than that of ADC model ( Z=2.84, P=0.005). Conclusion:Conventional MRI in combination with RESOLVE DWI shows good performance in differentiating between NP-SBO and LA-NPC, especially for abscess in combination with ADC polygonal value.

Objective To investigate the usage of intravenous infusion and the antibiotic intravenous infusion in different hospitals nationwide ,and to evaluate the influence of the hospital bed number ,hospital area and hospital grade on the clinical application of intravenous infusion .Methods Intravenous infusion volume ,rate and other related indexes were analyzed based on the inpatient information obtained from the regional medical big data net for 156 hospitals .Results 1323852 inpatients were included in this study .93 .13％ of those patients received intravenous infusion therapy .The average daily infusion volume was 782 .67 ml per bed .The average infusion time was 7 .39 days per patient .44 .78％ of inpatients received intravenous antibi-otic treatment .The average daily antibiotic infusion volume was 92 .48 ml per bed .Conclusion Generally ,the inpatient per-centage of intravenous infusion was getting higher in China .The greater infusion volume in larger hospitals suggested that the patient′s condition is relatively more serious in the larger hospital .The higher grade hospitals used smaller antibiotic infusion rate and volume ,indicating the antibiotic use in high grade hospitals is relatively more standardized .

OBJECTIVE： To design Proton pump inhibitor （PPI） medical order evaluation software， and to promote rational drug use in clinic. METHODS： According to the use of PPI （PPI injection as an example） of inpatients in a Third Grade Class A hospital （hereinafter referred to as "sample hospital"）， the evaluation process of medical order evaluation software was designed. On this basis， medical order evaluation software for inpatients was developed in collaboration with computer engineers. Taking the detection rate of irrational drug use and the time consuming per capita as indicators， the effects of software evaluation and manual evaluation were compared. Dispensing medical orders of PPI injection in PIVAS of sample hospital was evaluated with the software pre-evaluation in Feb. 2018. Irrational use of PPI injection （including irrational medication for treatment， prevention and non-indication） in the inpatients was evaluated retrospectively during Jan. 2015-Dec. 2017. RESULTS： The software of PPI audit includes four modules：users and tasks （timing audit）， system settings， confirmation of audit results （check the results audited by the software automatically） and reports exporting. Compared with manual evaluation， there was no significant difference in detection rate of irrational drug use in software audit （69.50％ vs. 77.00％， P＞0.05）； the time consuming per capita was shortened significantly （9.25 min vs. 1.50 min， P＜0.05）. In the application of pre-evaluation， 27 （2.23％） were irrational for treatment， 318 （26.24％） were irrational for prevention and 602 （49.67％） for non-indications. In the application of retrospective review， 4 884 （2.68％） were irrational medication for treatment， 50 399 （27.67％） irrational medication for prevention and 85 106 （46.72％） medication without indications. CONCLUSIONS： The application of PPI medical order evaluation software shortens the time of pharmacist's evaluation， improves the efficiency of evaluation， and promotes the rational use of PPI in clinic.