Objective To assess the value of upper airway narrowing with MSCT under quiet respiration in patients with the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods CT scan of upper airway was performed in 63 patients with OSAHS during inspiration, expiration and quiet respiration respectively with 16-slice spiral CT. The state of the soft palate, the area of the smallest cross-sectional area of retropalatal and retroglossal space of the upper airway during the different respiratory phase were compared. The correlation between these dimensions and the polysomnography (PSG) results were analyzed. Results Some particular pattern of events occurred in 14 patients during the different phase of respiration, such as hooking of the soft palate, raising of the soft palate, artifacts, etc. These events occurred more often in the expiration phase. The cross-sectional area of the retropalatal space was the smallest during quiet breathing. There were statistically significant differences in the smallest cross-sectional area of retropalatal space among different phases of respiration (F=4.602, P＜0.05), also between inspiration and expiration, quiet breathing groups. No statistically significant difference was found between expiration and quiet breathing, nor in the smallest cross-sectional areas of retroglossal space among the three groups (P＞0.05). There was positive correlation between the smallest area of retropalatal space and LSaO_2 in quiet breathing and expiration groups (r=0.511, 0.300, P＜0.05). Conclusion MSCT scan of upper airway may be a better way to evaluate upper airway narrowing under quiet breathing when patients failed to carry out the required mode (keeping exhalation) or some undesirable events occurred.

The central of micturition and urinary continence in cats and humans is organized in similar manner. During the last decade, knowledge of neural pathways involved in micturition and continence has been greatly expanded. This review will summarize results from recent animal and human experiments.

Objective:To study Ca~(2 +) changes~( )in detrusor cell of the unstable bladder of rabbit~(,)s partial bladder outlet obstruction. Methods: Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 groups randomly. In the experiment group the unstable bladder were confirmed by Urodynamics and the sham operated age-matched rabbits acted as the control group eight weeks after operetion. bladder smooth muscle cells were isolated by collagenase digestion. Intracellular Ca~(2+) levels in detrusor cell were observed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Results: Intracellular Ca~(2+) concentration significantly increased in the experiment group (Ca~(2+) overload). Conclusion:It was a important pathogeny for the unstable bladder of partial bladder outlet obstruction that pathological changes of Ca~(2+) with the unstable bladder.

Objective: To provide a scientific method for the reasonable use of the drugs,and to use it as guidelines for clinical chemotherapy. Methods: Samples of test group were obtained from 38 cases of bladder cancer.which were cultivated with different medicines and then examined the inhibiting rate with MTT.The medicine with the highest inhibiting rate was selected to treat bladder cancer.30 cases of bladder cancer were treated with HCPT routinely as control group.The rate of tumor recurrence between two groups was compared. Results:The inhibiting rate on tumour cells was positively related to the concentration of drugs,the combined chemotherapy was superior to single drug.Statistic results showed significant difference between the test group and control group(P

0.05).[Conclusion]Periarticular drug injection during TKA and intra-articular drug injection after operation can relieve pain early after TKA,improve the range of motion of the knee and rehabilitation,no further side effect has been noted.

Objective To evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on thymocyte differentiation antigen-1 (Thy-1) mRNA expression in mouse lung fibroblasts.Methods Primary cultured mouse lung fibroblasts were seeded in 96-well plates with the density of 1 × 104/ml.After being cultured for 48 h,the cells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =3 each):PBS control group (group C),LPS 0.01 μg/ml group (group LPS0.01),LPS 0.10 μg/ml group (group LPS0.10),and LPS 1.00 μg/ml group (group LPS1.00).PBS was added to the 96-well plates in group C.LPS with the final concentrations of 0.01,0.10 and 1.00 μg/ml were added to the 96-well plates in groups LPS0.01,LPS0.10 and LPS1.00,respectively.After being incubated for 0,6,24,48 and 72 h (T0-4),the proliferation of the cells was measured by CCK-8 assay and Thy-1 mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR.Results Compared with group C,the proliferation of the cells was significantly increased,while Thy-1 mRNA expression was down-regulated at T3,4 in groups LPS0.01,LPS0.10 and LPS1.00 (P ＜ 0.05).The proliferation of the cells was gradually increased,while Thy-1 mRNA expression was gradually down-regulated in groups LPS0.01,LPS0.10 and LPS1.00 at T3,4 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LPS results in abnormal proliferation of mouse lung fibroblasts through down-regulating Thy-1 mRNA expression,indicating that endoxemia-induced pulmonary fibrosis is related to the down-regulation of Thy-1 mRNA expression in lung fibroblasts.

Considerable advances have been made in the understanding of the cellular processes that result in contraction and relaxation of detrusor smooth muscle recently,particularly in the role and modulation of calcium.Several changes in these cellular mechanisms that impair normal function have been observed in detrusor muscle from patients with unstable bladders.Whether these changes represent primary causes of bladder dysfunction or whether they are secondary to bladder dysfunction remains to be determined.Nevertheless,the identification of specific cellular lesions in bladder dysfunction presents a novel approach to identification of drug targets and potential treatment modalities.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of thymosin combined with antibiotics on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in eldly patients ,and its influence on cellular immune function.Methods 60 elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were select-ed,by using the method of random number table,they were divided into the treatment group (n =30)and control group (n =30).The control group was given antibiotics and conventional treatment,the treatment group was given thymosin on the basis of treatment of the control group.The clinical curative effect and the influence of the cellular immune function were compared in the two groups.Results The after treatment 1s forced expiratory volume (FEV1 ),FEV1 /FVC(%)and FEV1 /expected value (%)of the treatment group were (1.59 ±0.15)L,(58.83 ± 13.14),(76.13 ±3.21),and those of the control group were (1.31 ±0.11)L,(54.62 ±12.41),(68.74 ±3.01), the differences were statistically significant (t =7.261,6.923,8.793,all P <0.05).After treatment,the clinical symptom score and quality of life score of the treatment group were (3.71 ±0.83),(6.48 ±1.12),which were sig-nificantly lower than those of the control group [(4.71 ±0.79),(7.41 ±0.97)],the differences were statistically significant (t =4.983,4.214,all P <0.05).The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96.7%,which was significantly higher than 70.0% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =7.271,P <0.05).After treatment,the CD +4 ,CD +4 /CD +8 of the treatment group were (41.7 ±5.9),(1.35 ±0.49)respectively, which of the control group were (33.2 ±4.8),(1.89 ±0.65),the differences were statistically significant (t =5.107,3.142,all P <0.05).In terms of incidence of adverse reactions,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of thymosin combined with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly patients is remarkable,safe and reliable,and can improve the cellular immune function in patients,it is worthy of further clinical application.

As with all neurologic reflex mechanisms,efferent activity is brought about by afferent input. Furthermore, the superimposed voluntary control, which is a critical feature of social continence, is largely determined by sensations of bladder fullness. In recent years, interest in the pathophysiology of urinary incontinence has shifted from a focus on the detrusor muscle to the afferent innervation of the bladder. In this respect, it is notable that investigations of detrusor muscle function are often performed in the absence of an intact urothelium and lamina propria, along with their sensory innervation. This review will summarize the results from recent animal and human experiments.

Objective:To establish a method of isolating,culturing and identifing in bladder smooth muscle cell of rabbit. Methods: Bladder smooth muscle cells were isolated from two adult male New Zealand White rabbits by collagenase digestion and cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with calf bovine serum. Morphology and expansion of the cells were observed. Cells were identified by smear of smear electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods(immunostaining with anti-?-actin antibodies). Results: The cells grew well and presented atypical morphological feature of smooth muscle cell with invert microscope(forming the "hills and valleys"). Ninety-nine percent of the cells were smooth muscle cells identified by smear of smear,electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods.HE stain and immunostaining. Conclusion:This bladder smooth muscle cell of rabbit cultural method is convenience, fruitful and reliable.