Objective To explore the cognitive process in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (DN:CAS).Methods Sixty-one children with ADHD and sixty-one healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The cognition of all the studies individuals was evaluated by the DN:CAS.Results Compared with the control group,children with ADHD had significantly lower scores in planning[(24.18 ±5.64) scores vs (30.07 ±5.28) scores,t =-6.985,P ＜ 0.01],simultaneous processing[(33.97 ± 7.64) scores vs (36.90 ± 7.20) scores,t =-2.211,P ＜ 0.05],attention [(26.52 ± 6.80) scores vs (31.21 ± 5.86) scores,t =-4.909,P ＜0.01] in the 4 subtests of DN:CAS,and the total scores [(117.85 ±21.45) scores vs (132.48 ± 17.95) scores,t =-5.286,P ＜ 0.01] are same.And there were significant differences in matching numbers [(8.77 ± 2.33) scores vs (10.87 ± 2.31) scores,t =-5.220,P ＜ 0.01],planned codes [(7.87 ± 2.37) scores vs (9.44 ± 2.61) scores,t =-4.006,P ＜ 0.01],planned connections [(7.54 ± 2.29) scores vs (9.75 ± 2.01) scores,t =-6.643,P ＜0.01];verbal-spatial relations in simultaneous processing [(10.05 ±2.79) scores vs (11.23 ± 3.19) scores,t =-2.382,P ＜ 0.05] and expressive attention [(9.02 ± 2.47) scores vs (10.34 ± 3.03) scores,t =-2.938,P ＜0.01],number detection [(8.16 ±2.31) scores vs (10.08 ± 1.86) scores,t =-5.028,P ＜ 0.01],receptive attention [(9.34 ± 3.68) scores vs (10.78 ± 3.20) scores,t =-3.215,P ＜ 0.01] between ADHD group and the control group.There were significant differences of the percentile rank distribution of the scores between ADHD group and the control group in planning,attention and full score (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Children with ADHD have cognitive deficits in the cognitive processing,and planning and attention deficits are the main features.The DN:CAS could be a useful tool in evaluating cognition of children with ADHD.

Objective To explore the influence of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty ADHD children and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study,and the ADHD subjects were treated with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets for (28 ± 3) days.Pre-test and post-test by the Das-Naglieri:Cognitive Assessment System(DN:CAS) were done to evaluate the cognitive function of all individuals.The differences of cognitive processing in pre-treatment and post-treatment of ADHD group with healthy control group were compared.The difference between before and after treatment of ADHD was also compared.Results Compared with healthy control group,there were lower of planning score [(21.86 ± 4.61) scores vs.(29.33 ± 5.06) scores],attention score [(25.00 ± 4.57) scores vs.(29.83 ± 3.79) scores],and the total scores [(111.93 ± 13.95) scores vs.(127.26 ±15.53) scores] in ADHD group,and there were significant differences (t =-5.976,-4.455,-4.023,all P ＜0.05).The matching number,planned codes,planned connections,expressive attention,number detection and receptive attention scores were also lower in ADHD group,and there were significant differences (t =-4.787,-3.703,-4.991,-2.216,-2.488,-3.219,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with healthy control group,there were lower of planning score with significant difference [(25.53 ± 4.98) scores vs.(29.33 ± 5.06) scores,t =-2.931,P ＜ 0.05] in ADHD group after treatment,matching number and planned codes were lower with significant difference (t =-2.654,-2.044,all P ＜ 0.05) in ADHD group after treatment.In ADHD group,the scores of planning [(25.53 ± 4.98)scores vs.(21.86 ± 4.61) scores],simultaneous processing [(36.10 ± 7.10) scores vs.(34.13 ± 6.04) scores],attention [(27.90 ± 5.69) scores vs.(25.00 ± 4.57) scores] and the total score [(121.50 ± 16.55) scores vs.(111.93 ± 13.95) scores] were significantly higher after treatment than that before treatment and there were significant differences (t =-5.679,-2.949,-3.869,-5.963,all P ＜ 0.05);matching number,planned codes,planned connections,nonverbal matrices,number detection,receptive attention and word series were significantly higher after treatment than that before treatment,and there were significant differences (t =-2.528,-3.209,-3.890,-2.276,-4.489,-2.208,-2.373,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets can improve the function of cognitive processing in children with ADHD,especially in attention.