Peanut is one of the most popular foods in the world due to its high nutrition; however, it contains multiple seed storage proteins which are identified as allergens and hence are the most common cause of life-threatening, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis among the hypersensitive individuals. Three peanut proteins, Arachis hypogaea allergy 1, 2, 3 (Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3), which have the common biochemical characteristics like resistance to proteases and heat, are considered as the major allergens because they are recognized by serum IgE from a peanut-allergic patient population. The linear IgE-binding epitopes in the allergens lay the foundation of the anaphylaxis in the peanut-allergic individuals. Peanut allergy is often a life-long problem, so many investigators are focusing on decreasing clinical reactivity. In this review, the latest advances in the researches on biochemical characteristics, structure and function of the three major allergens were described and particular attention was given to the immunity properties of the three allergens. The future research directions were also discussed.
2S Albumins, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Arachis ; chemistry ; DNA ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; genetics ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To explore the relationship between behavioral psychological symptoms in Alzheimer' s dementia(AD) patients and region-specific alterations in cerebral blood flow. Methods 60 patients with AD randomly selected from a psychiatric outpatient department and 30 randomly selected healthy elderly community controls were administered the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). All subjects underwent a perfusion CT scan to assess blood perfusion in brain regions of interest. The AD subjects were administered the behavioral patholigy in alzheimer' s disease(BEHAVE-AD) Rating Scale classified as mild, moderate or severe based on the results of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Results The most incidence was conduct disorder and the next was delusion.The score was 81.7% and 58.3% in turn. The conduct disorder score was higher in the severe demented group than in the mildly and moderate demented group(P＜0. 05). The delusion score was higher in the moderate demented group than that in the mildly demented group(P＜0.05). The time to peak(TTP)scores in the four groups of subjects were significantly different in the bilateral hippocampal formation, anteroinferior subiculum and entorhinal area. The TTP score was significantly higher in the moderately demented group than that in the mildly demented group and the control group(P＜0. 05 ). Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between conduct disorder, delusions and TTP in cerebral heteroplasia cortex (P ＜ 0. 05 ), also identified a negative correlation between mood disorder and TTP(P＜0. 05 ). Conclusion The conduct disorder,delusions and mood disorder in AD are associated with the chronicity ischemia of cerebral heteroplasia cortex leading to neural conduction disorders.

Objective To estimate heart function among patients with diabetic foot ulcer,and to investigate the characteristics of heart failure(HF) before and after treatment of ulcer. Methods Items associated with diabetes and some physiological and biochemical indicators were observed in patients with diabetic foot ulcer(162 cases) and with high risk factors of ulcer(75 cases). Heart function was evaluated at patients′ admission, during ulcer related treatment, and prior to discharge. Left ventricular ejection fraction and other cardiac assessment were measured with ultrasonic scan.Results During hospitalization, 23.6%(56/237) patients underwent HF with normal left ventricular ejection fraction, and it was 27.2%(44/162) in patients with foot ulcers. The prevalence of HF was 8.9%(21/237) in all patients studied on admission, and that was 10.5%(17/162) in patients with foot ulcer, more than that without foot ulcer(P＜0.01). More patients with HF were found, being 14.8%(35/237) during 2-7 days after ulcer related treatment initiated, and peak was on the 4th day. There was statistical difference among different Wagner grades(P＜0.05) about the morbidity rate of HF. All patients with HF were improved and tolerant to ulcer related treatment. Conclusion The prevalence of HF with normal left ventricular ejection fraction was relatively high in patients with diabetic foot ulcer, especially after ulcer treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), and the protective effect of EAAs receptor antagonists in the tissues of rabbit lumbar spinal cord after 40-minues ischemia and 4-hours reperfusion.

METHODSThirty healthy rabbits were divided into six groups: sham-operation, 40-minues ischemia, 4-hour reperfusion, ketamine and MgSO4 treatment, ketamine treatment, and saline treatment groups. The contents of EAAs (glutamate and aspartate) and [Ca2+]i were measured.

RESULTSThe contents of glutamate and aspartate were decreased to 15.18 micromol/g+/-2.33 micromol/g and 9.99 micromol/g+/-0.69 micromol/g, respectively; 13.75 micromol/g+/-2.58 micromol/g and 6.49 micromol/g+/-1.39 micromol/g after reperfusion. In the ischemia group, the [Ca2+]i was elevated to 221.2 microg/g+/-4.27 microg/g, and elevated further to 298.3 microg/g+/-9.26 microg/g after reperfusion, being significantly higher than that of ischemia and control groups. Ketamine could obviously increase the level of glutamate and aspartate and decrease the level of [Ca2+]i during the ischemia and reperfusion injury.

CONCLUSIONSThe excitotoxicity of EAAs and the overload of calcium induced by EAAs play a harmful role in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ketamine has an effective inhibitory effect.

Animals ; Calcium ; analysis ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; blood ; Female ; Ischemia ; blood ; Male ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Amino Acid ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; Spinal Cord ; blood supply

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the combined application of dissociate skin flap and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for the repairing for defect after surgical management of huge neck neoplasms. METHOD: Nineteen patients with huge neck malignant tumor involving the skin of the neck were given radical operation, making use of VSD covering the wound surface. After giving 6.65-7.98 mm Hg continuous negative pressure drainage for 72 h, the patients turned to be treated by intermittent negative pressure therapy with 2 min free interval after each treatment period for 5 min. After dismantling the VSD at 7th to 10th day postoperatively, the good wounds covered by granulation tissue were treated by the skin graft operation with dissociate skin flap from thighs; as for the wounds of which the granulation tissue didn't grow well and important cervical tissues was not fully covered by the granulation tissue, VSD was applied again for 1 week, followed by the skin graft operation. RESULT: Nineteen patients have received a total of 23 times of VSD wound treatment, one-stage operation time was significantly shortened. The granulation tissue grew faster on the wound after VSD treatment, and the important cervical tissues such as great vessels could be well covered. The infection and tumor recurrence were observed directly after dismantling the VSD. The skin graft transplantation would be performed after 1-3 weeks. CONCLUSION The treatment by vacuum sealing drainage combined with skin graft for surgical wounds of huge neck tumor postoperatively has the advantages of simple operation, little injury and promotion of the wound healing, which is an effective way for treatment of neck skin defect by surgical operation for the huge tumor.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; etiology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To investigate the expression of malondialdehyde ( MDA) in esophageal mu-cosa of different types of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) patients and its role in the esophageal in-flammation. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 patients hospitalized in the the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from December 2017 to October 2018 were selected as the research group. 8 healthy subjects completed physical examination were set up as healthy control group. GERD completed GERDQ score, 24 h pH monitoring, and taken 3 cm on the dentate line of the esophagus as a specimen. The study group was divided into non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group (17 cases) and Ero-sive reflux disease [erosive esophagitis (RE)] group (25 cases). Then hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR ) , enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used to detect inflammation, oxidative stress (MDA), antioxidant enzyme [manga-nese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT)], and proinflammatory cyto-kines [monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interlukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)]. Results There was no significant difference in body mass index ( BMI ) between the three groups ( P >0. 05). 24 h pH monitoring of esophagus showed that the indexes of weak acid reflux (40. 05). In RE group , the infiltration of immune cells (neutrophils, eosinophils), nipple lengthening, edema and other inflammatory changes were found in the esophageal mucosa, and the inflammation score reached the peak, which was signif-icantly higher than that in NERD group, with statistical significant difference (P<0. 001). The positive ex-pression of MDA in the two groups ( NERD, RE) was higher than that in the control group, and the MDA ex-pression in the RE group was almost covered with the full layer esophagus. The serum MDA concentration in the NERD and RE groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 001). Compared with the NERD group, the serum MDA in the RE group reached the peak (P<0. 01). The relative expression of mRNA ( Mn SOD, GSH and CAT) in NERD group and RE group was significantly decreased, and there was a significant difference between the three groups (P<0. 001). Compared with the NERD group, the mRNA expression level of Mn SOD and CAT in RE group was significantly decreased (P<0. 01). The relative ex-pression of mRNA (MCP-1, IL-8, TNF- α) increased significantly in the two groups (NERD, RE), and there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups ( P <0. 001 ) . Compared with the NERD group, the expression of its inflammatory factors in the RE group significantly increased (P<0. 01). Conclusions The expression level of MDA in different types of GERD is significantly higher, which may be closely related to esophageal inflammation induced by acid reflux.

Objective:To compare the clinical features between chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection(CAEBV) and infectious mononucleosis(IM)in adult patients.Methods:Clinical data from 56 adult IM patients and 14 adult CAEBV patients admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during January 2011 to December 2019 were enrolled. Clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, treatment and outcomes were compared between two groups. Chi-square test and Mann-whitney U test were used to analyze data. Results:The average age of CAEBV patients was higher than that of IM patients [36.0(23.8, 50.5)years vs. 19.0(17.3, 22.8) years; U=90.0, P<0.05]. The symptoms of sore throat, throat congestion, tonsilla enlargement and lymphadenopathy in IM group were more common than those in CAEBV group( χ2=14.088, 16.875, 31.855 and 10.938, all P<0.01). However, the incidence of pulmonary infection, sleepiness/dysphoria and splenomegaly in CAEBV group were significantly higher than those in IM group( χ2=17.217, 5.809 and 6.254, P<0.05 or <0.01). The white blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and albumin in CAEBV group were significantly lower than those in IM group( U=47.0, 49.5, 158.5, 173.0 and 263.5, all P<0.01). The levels of neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and EBV DNA load in CAEBV group were significantly higher than those in IM group( U=145.0, 140.0, 128.5 and 115.0, P<0.05 or <0.01). The proportions of CD3 + T cell counts and CD8 + T cell counts in CAEBV group were significantly lower compared to those in IM group( U=42.0 and 24.5, P<0.01); the proportions of CD4 + T cell counts, the CD4 + T/CD8 + T cell counts ratio and B lymphocytes in CAEBV group were significantly higher compared to those in IM group( U=29.0, 23.5 and 34.5, P<0.01). Fifty-six IM patients were all cured and discharged from hospital. In CAEBV group, 8 cases died, 3 cases were improved and 3 cases lost follow-up. Conclusions:Patients with IM represent a favorable prognosis, while the prognosis of CAEBV is relatively poor and complication with HLH may occur. For older patients with EBV infection complicated with pulmonary infection, lethargy/irritability, attention should be paid to monitor blood routine, liver function, serum EBV DNA load and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.

Primary prostate synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is rare in clinic. One patient was admitted to our hospital in May 2021. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of the physical examination. Preoperative pelvic enhanced MR, PETCT and preoperative puncture pathology suggested that pelvic soft tissue sarcoma was likely. Robot-assisted radical resection of pelvic tumor was performed, and the unilateral PPSS was diagnosed by postoperative pathology, immunohistochemistry and gene detection. Patients were treated with ifosfamide + adriamycin adjuvant chemotherapy one month after operation, and Proton therapy radiotherapy five months after operation. Follow-up for more than 2 years showed that the patients were generally in good condition, and no recurrence or metastasis was found in imaging.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Unfortunately, current modulation strategies are only modestly effective. The literature provides strong evidence that the modulatory effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols. These differential effects are important when designing precise modulatory strategies for clinical or research applications. Developments in TMS have been accompanied by advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging techniques, including electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Such studies appear particularly promising as they may not only allow us to probe affected brain areas during TMS but also seem to predict underlying research directions that may enable us to precisely target and remodel impaired cortices or circuits. However, few precise modulation strategies are available, and the long-term safety and efficacy of these strategies need to be confirmed. Here, we review the literature on possible technologies for precise modulation to highlight progress along with limitations with the goal of suggesting future directions for this field.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Unfortunately, current modulation strategies are only modestly effective. The literature provides strong evidence that the modulatory effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols. These differential effects are important when designing precise modulatory strategies for clinical or research applications. Developments in TMS have been accompanied by advances in combining TMS with neuroimaging techniques, including electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Such studies appear particularly promising as they may not only allow us to probe affected brain areas during TMS but also seem to predict underlying research directions that may enable us to precisely target and remodel impaired cortices or circuits. However, few precise modulation strategies are available, and the long-term safety and efficacy of these strategies need to be confirmed. Here, we review the literature on possible technologies for precise modulation to highlight progress along with limitations with the goal of suggesting future directions for this field.
Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Electroencephalography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation