Objective To draw up a satisfaction rating scale utilized by outpatients in general hospitals,for the quality evaluation of the out-patient service.Methods Outpatients at four municipal general hospitals in Hangzhou City were as the subjects.The validity and reliability of the rating scale were estimated.Results The response rate to items was 98.82% ,and valid rate reached 96.8% ,the internal consistency coefficient was in the range of 0.76 to 0.87.The composition of the scale conforms well to the management practice,the relativity inside the factor was stronger than the relativity among the factors,which supported the contents validity.Factor analysis results demonstrated that both the factor loads and structures were consistent with the structures of the rating scale,which supported the structure validity.Conclusion All of validity indexes of the rating scale meet the requirements of psychometrics.This scale is practicable to estimate the satisfaction of outpatients to the service they received,and provides valuable evidence to estimate the quality of hospital therapeutic services.

Objective To observe the role of the mild changes in hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-1? gene in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods With PCR, denatured gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing,the genomic DNAs from the blood of type 2 diabetic patients and normal control were analyzed to find the changes in HNF-1? gene. These changes were added up in-groups and compared with plasma insulin concentration. Results Code 459 CTG changed to TTC,codes 489 AGC changed to AAC in the 7th exon;no 7G changed to A in the 7th intron. The 3 point changes were of one kind of polymorphism. Its frequency to normal genotype was 61: 39 in normal control, 56: 44 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Homozygotes of the polymorphism in the group of type 2 diabetes mellitus had slightly lower plasma insulin concentration, but t-test result was P

Objective To investigate the change of prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in Guiyang city after adjustment of salt iodine content, and to study the link between the level of iodine intake and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods With cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 20 years old or above in Guiyang in 2009 (before adjustment, n=1 509) and 2015 (after adjustment, n=1 368). After an overnight fasting, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured. The serum FT4 and FT3 were determined for the subjects with abnormal TSH. Meanwhile, urine iodine levels of children aged 8-10 years old in the same community were measured after an overnight fasting in these two studies. Results In 2009, the median level of 8-10 years old children′s urinary iodine was 228.7 μg/L. The prevalence of positive TPOAb, positive TgAb, and thyroid autoantibodies (TAAs) were 14.38%, 13.59%, 18.89%, the standardized prevalence were 14.35%, 13.59%, 18.89% respectively. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis were 14.12% and 4.44%, with the standardized prevalence were 14.12%, 4.42% respectively. In 2015, the median urinary iodine level of 8-10 years old children was 190.1 μg/L, the prevalence of positive TPOAb, positive TgAb, and TAAs were 8.77%, 7.82%, 11.77%, the standardized prevalence were 8.98%, 7.97%, 12.13% respectively; the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis were 22.89%, 2.92%, with the standardized prevalences of 23.19%, 3.02% respectively. Conclusion After adjustment of salt iodine content, the iodine nutrition in Guiyang is at the appropriate level, and the values of TPOAb, TgAb, TAA, and autoimmune thyroiditis in adults of Guiyang city were all decreased.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dual source CT angiography (DSCTA) for coronary artery stenosis.Methods During the period from November 2012 to November 2013, a total of 210 patients with coronary artery disease underwent DSCTA and selective coronary arteriography (CAG). Taking CAG as the gold standard, the diagnostic accuracy of DSCTA for coronary artery stenosis was evaluated. Thirty patients receiving DSCTA and 30 patients receiving CAG were selected, and all of them underwent stent implantation in the anterior descending branch after imaging examination. The angiography positions, the used time of PCI and the used dosage of contrast agent were compared between the two groups. Results DSCTA was performed in 210 patients and a total of 2 630 segments of coronary stenosis or occlusion were detected. Compared with CAG, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DSCTA were 95.4%, 96.2%, 91.3%and 100%respectively, which were not significantly different from those obtained by CAG (P=0.066). In performing DSCTA, 2-3 angiography positions were used (2-4 positions less than that of CAG), the used time of PCI was about 15 min (about 10 min less than that of CAG), and the mean used dosage of contrast agent was 48 ml (30-150 ml) (about half less than that of CAG). Conclusion DSCTA has higher accuracy in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis, quite similar to that of CAG. DSCTA is a safe, reliable and noninvasive examination method. Preoperative DSCTA can reduce exposure positions during angiography, can reduce the dosage of contrast agent, and can shorten the time of PCI as well, thus, iatrogenic radioactive radiation dose can be reduced.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various assays in diagnosing Cushing′s syndrome. Methods The plasma cortisol, urinary free cortisol (UFC), circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion and dexamethasone suppression test were assessed in 173 patients clinically diagnosed Cushing′s syndrome. The data were compared with the postoperative pathologic diagnosis. Results The normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion was lost in 92.9% patients with Cushing′s syndrome. The loss of normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion of 2 time points occurred in 85.1% (8:00, 16:00) and 91.8% (8:00, 24:00), and that of 3 time points (8:00, 16:00, 24:00) in 94.7% of the cases. The excretion of UFC was increased in 91.7% of patients with Cushing′s syndrome. Low-dosedexamethasonedidnotsuppressthe excessive secretion of glucocorticoid in 79.7% (1 mg) and 84.3% (2 mg) patients with Cushing′s syndrome. The basal level of plasma cortisol was raised in 75.6% patients. The sensitivity of 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test was 50%-70% as the standard was set at 50% suppression, and specificity was more than 95%. Conclusion The most sensitive tests for Cushing′s syndrome are the loss of normal circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion and increased UFC. The method of 3 time points is more sensitive than that of 2 time points in the assessment of circadian rhythm. The 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test is the most useful method in differentiating Cushing′s disease from adrenal adenoma.

Objective To determine the safety and the therapeutic efficacy of autolagous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHST) in newly-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Fifteen patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Hematopoietic stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and then collected from peripheral blood by leukapheresis and cryopreserved. The cells were injected intravenously after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Serum levels of HbA1c, C-peptide levels, and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab)titers were measured before and after AHST. Meanwhile, adverse event was recorded.Results The average age of 18 patients (6 males and 12 females)was ( 18.8±4.4 )years, the mean follow-up was ( 414± 150 ) days. 67 % ( 12/18 ) patients became insulin free, the earliest one happened at 2 weeks after AHST, and the latest one at 6 months. 4 cases resumed insulin use because of influenza and other reasons resulting in the rise of blood glucose level. Currently, 8 patients (44.4%) were completely free of insulin therapy, and the remaining cases reduced the insulin dosage by 67.3% ±22.4%. 18 cases had lowered GAD-Ab level, the negative rate was 33.3% (6/18 ). Fasting and postprandial 2 h C-peptide levels increased significantly after A HST. Area under the curve for C-peptide ( AUCC ) increased much more markedly, and it could be maintained for 1 year. Duringtransplantation,all patients had varying degrees of gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, fever, bone marrow suppression, and other side effects. 5 patients received blood component transfusion. No damage or other severe adverse events of heart, liver, kidney, and other organs were observed. Most side effects gradually disappeared after 2-4 weeks. The recovery of neutropenia was the slowest. Conclusion Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of newly-onset type 1 diabetes with residual islet function showed a certain effect and high safety. The widened use of this new technique should be cautious until the therapeutic mechanism has been further studied.

OBJECTIVESTo study the PDE5 activity in corpora cavernosa of the Ganyu Qizhi model penis and the effect of the Chinese herbal medicine Shugan Liqi Huoxue (SLH) ointment on it.

METHODSNon-injury stress stimulus method similar to human spirit stress was used to extablish the Ganyu Qizhi animal(rat) model, and the PDE5 activity in corpora cavernosa of the rat penis was measured by the method of immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis.

RESULTSThe PDE5 activity in corpora cavernosa of the high-dosage SLH group was significantly different from that of the model group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGanyu Qizhi may increase the PDE5 activity in corpora cavernosa of the penis while SLH can reduce such activity.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Animal ; Penis ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To increase the awareness of ectopic ACTH syndrome in patients with thymus carcinoid. Methods Clinical manifestations, especially atypical presentation of ectopic ACTH syndrome, laboratory findings and imaging data (chest X-ray and CT, etc.) in 6 patients were analysed. Results In all 6 patients, the thymus tumors removed were pathologically proved to be thymus carcinoid. Conclusion Patients having typical manifestations of Cushing′s syndrome with hypokalemia, edema, proteinuria and equivocal result of dexamethasone inhibition test, should be considered as ACTH syndrome. And thymus carcinoid seems to be the cause of the disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the combined application of dissociate skin flap and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for the repairing for defect after surgical management of huge neck neoplasms. METHOD: Nineteen patients with huge neck malignant tumor involving the skin of the neck were given radical operation, making use of VSD covering the wound surface. After giving 6.65-7.98 mm Hg continuous negative pressure drainage for 72 h, the patients turned to be treated by intermittent negative pressure therapy with 2 min free interval after each treatment period for 5 min. After dismantling the VSD at 7th to 10th day postoperatively, the good wounds covered by granulation tissue were treated by the skin graft operation with dissociate skin flap from thighs; as for the wounds of which the granulation tissue didn't grow well and important cervical tissues was not fully covered by the granulation tissue, VSD was applied again for 1 week, followed by the skin graft operation. RESULT: Nineteen patients have received a total of 23 times of VSD wound treatment, one-stage operation time was significantly shortened. The granulation tissue grew faster on the wound after VSD treatment, and the important cervical tissues such as great vessels could be well covered. The infection and tumor recurrence were observed directly after dismantling the VSD. The skin graft transplantation would be performed after 1-3 weeks. CONCLUSION The treatment by vacuum sealing drainage combined with skin graft for surgical wounds of huge neck tumor postoperatively has the advantages of simple operation, little injury and promotion of the wound healing, which is an effective way for treatment of neck skin defect by surgical operation for the huge tumor.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; etiology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

Objective:To investigate the outcomes and influencing factors of newly diagnosed prediabetic subjects aged 40 years and above in Guiyang.Methods:A total of 10 015 residents aged 40 years and above were recruited from the Yunyan community, Guiyang, from May to August 2011. Physical examination, laboratory measurements, and questionnaires were conducted. The follow-up survey was conducted in July 2014. A total of 2 530 newly diagnosed prediabetic subjects at baseline were included in the analysis.Results:The 3-year cumulative morbidity of diabetes mellitus was 14.3%, and the risk of diabetes mellitus in combined impaired fasting glucose(IFG)and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)groups was significantly higher than that in isolated IFG(i-IFG)or isolated IGT(i-IGT)group( P<0.01). High baseline fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose, and HbA 1C levels were the independent risk factors for the development of diabetes( OR=1.836, 95% CI 1.374-2.454; OR=1.398, 95% CI 1.261-1.550; OR=2.526, 95% CI 1.804-3.538, all P<0.01)and the inhibitory factors for reversion to normal glucose tolerance( OR=0.511, 95% CI 0.409-0.638; OR=0.715, 95% CI 0.661-0.774; OR=0.638, 95% CI 0.500-0.816, all P<0.01). High level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)was an promoting factor for reversion to normal glucose tolerance( OR=1.306, 95% CI 1.017-1.678, P=0.036). Subjects in the highest tertile of baseline HbA 1C level and body mass index(BMI)change before and after follow-up(ΔBMI=follow-up BMI minus baseline BMI)had a higher risk of diabetes mellitus than those in the lowest tertile( OR=2.398, 95% CI 1.733-3.322; OR=2.402, 95% CI 1.859-3.105, both P<0.01). The risk of diabetes mellitus in the significant weight loss group was reduced by 40.4% compared with the non-significant weight loss group when the subjects were divided into two groups according to the cutoff of the lower tertile of ΔBMI( RR=0.596, 95% CI 0.463-0.766, P<0.01). Conclusion:The risk of diabetes mellitus in combined IFG/IGT group was significantly higher than that in i-IFG or i-IGT group. High baseline fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose, and HbA 1C levels were the independent risk factors for the development of diabetes. High level of HDL-C was an promoting factor for reversion to normal glucose tolerance. Weight loss can significantly reduce the risk of progression to diabetes in individuals with prediabetes.