Two hundreds postmenopausal women with osteopenia, aged 45-80, were randomly divided into 4 groups, and received different drug interventions. After treatment for 12 months, the lumbar spine bone mineral density(BMD)and total hip BMD in alendronate group increased significantly(3.5% and 2.6%, both P＜0.05), the lumbar spine BMD raised 2.0% in selective estrogen receptor regulator group(P＜0.05). Bone turnover indices improved in both groups(all P＜0.05). No change in BMD or bone turnover indices was found in patients treated with active vitamin D3and calcium.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Shanghai.Methods Five hundred postmenopausal community-dwelling women aged 45-80 years were recruited. The case-control study was performed from June 2008 to September 2008.A total number of 250 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis identified with their bone mineral density (BMD) were selected as case group, and 250 non-osteoporosis women were selected as control group. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA). Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, eduction level, occupation, years since menopause, BMI, use of calcium,historyofnon-violencefracture,fall,diabetesmellitus,chronicgastricdiseases, gastrointestinal resection and diarrhea were related to osteoporosis.Multiple logistic regression showed that age, years since menopause and nutritional status were the risk factors for osteoporosis. ConclusionsThe occurrence of osteoporosis is related with many factors in postmenopausal women in Shanghai, and women with early menopause, low BMI and older age should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the onset time of lactation (OL).

METHODSIn this longitudinal study, 751 healthy single pregnant women were selected from three hospitals in Chengdu as subjects of baseline survey during March and September 2013 and were followed before and after delivery, respectively. Finally, data from a total of 473 pregnant women were analyzed. Data on pre-pregnancy weight, delivery mode, birth weight of neonate, information of lactation and maternal demographic characteristics were collected through questionnaire and medical records. Height and weight at the last week before delivery were measured and GWG were calculated. After controlling the potential confounders, a serial of multi-factor ordinal logistic regression models were performed to test the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and OL.

RESULTSThe proportions of OL at the < 1, 1-, 24-, 48- and ≥ 72 h groups were 16.3%, 37.0%, 17.5%, 18.6% and 10.6%, respectively. When compared to women with normal weight, the ORs for prolonged OL were 2.85 (1.91-4.27) and 3.42 (1.69-6.90) among pre-pregnant underweight and overweight/obese women, respectively. When compared to women with normal weight and adequate GWG, pre-pregnant underweight women with adequate and excessive GWG showed greater odds of prolonged OL (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.31-4.18; OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.67-7.00), respectively. Pre-pregnant overweight/obese women with excessive GWG had increased the odds of prolonged OL (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.15-8.37).

CONCLUSIONPre-pregnant BMI appeared an independently factor, associated with OL while GWG might have an effect on OL, when pre-pregnant BMI was considered.

Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pregnancy ; Thinness ; Weight Gain