Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral differential blood count and ATP value in Cell CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method in liver transplants. Methods In this study 49recipients after classic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were enrolled. In a period from two weeks to two months after transplantation when all were free of glucocorticoid. Blood were sent for WBC differential samples count and ATP value in Cell-CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method via SPSS17. 0 software. Five more samples were selected randomly for duplicated testing of the indices in Week2, 3, 4,6 and 8 after the transplanting operation to further verify the relativity. Results White blood cell count has the highest relativity with ImmuKnow ATP value at 0. 821. The 5 recipients were repeatedly tested for ImmuKnow ATP values that were found positively correlated to cell count with a coefficient of over 0. 5. Conclusions The peripheral leukocyte count in early stage after liver transplantation is in positive correlation with ATP value in Cell CD4 + T, and the changes of numeration of leukocyte reflect changes of ATP value.

Objective To explore the role of monitoring the cellular immune function in preventing and treating the fungal infection in the recipients of liver transplantation. Methods 679 cadaveric liver transplantations (from Jan. 2004 to Jan. 2010) were retrospectively studied. All the cases were divided into 3 groups according to different treatments and preventing regimens. The patients in groups A, B, C were treated based on the clinical experiences (394 cases), T lymphocyte subsets counting (151 cases), and combination of ATP values of CD4+ T cell and T lymphocyte subsets counting (134 cases), respectively. The infection, mortality and acute rejection rate were analyzed. The relationship between fungal infection and cellular immune function was investigated.Results The fungal infection rate in groups A, B, and C was 28. 9 %, 21.2 %, and 19. 4 % (P<0. 05), the morbidity rate was 16. 7 %, 12. 5%, and 3. 8% (P>0. 05), and the acute rejection rate was 28. 4 %, 17. 2 %, and 13. 4 % (P<0. 01), respectively. The CD4+ T lymphocyte counting in all cases of fungal infection was (147±43)×106/L. The morbidity could reach 50. 0 % when the CD4+ T lymphocyte counting < 100 ×106/L, while it was 2. 4 % when the counting was between (100-200) ×106/L (P<0. 01). The CD4+ T lymphocyte counting had no linear relation with the ATP value.The ATP value in fungal infection cases was (117 ± 61)μg/L. Conclusion The cellular immune function test could be quantitatively evaluated according to the T lymphocyte subsets and ATP value of CD4+ T lymphocyte. And individualized immunosuppressive therapy could be adjusted accordingly.Therefore, cellular immune function could be instructive in preventing and treating the fungal infection after liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging detection on preoperatively predicting axillary lymph node in breast cancer patients.Methods From August 2010 to February 2011,the clinical data of 293 breast cancer patients underwent preoperative breast ultrasound exam and MRI detection in Ruijin Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 293 breast cancer patients,3 suffered from bilateral breast cancer.The sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value and positive predictive value of ultrasound were 60.0％,90.6％,78.0％ and 80.2％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value and positive predictive value of MRI test were 50.5％,90.8％,74.0％ and 77.9％,respectively.There was no significant difference between ultrasound and MRI test in these four indices (P ＞ 0.05).No significant difference on accuracy and predictive value was seen in subgroup analysis according to tumor size,tumor grade,hormone receptor and HER2 status between the two examinations.The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound associated with MRI test were 70.6％ and 97.2％.Conclusions The accuracy and predictive value between preoperative ultrasound exam and MRI is comparable.Ultrasound associated with MRI examination can achieve high specificity,which may spare a portion of patients free from sentinel lymph nodes biopsy.

Object To optimize the preparation procedure for Zhixuan Granula (ZXG). Methods The optimum extracting conditions of ZXG were selected by orthogonal test with the active components: 23-acetate alisol B, atractylenolide I, and dried extract as the index, it mice sedation of ZXG was clarified by pharmacodynamics. Results The optimum preparation procedure was as follows: Rhizoma Alismatis and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae were extracted with alcohol first, adding 12-fold 70% alcohol by refluxing, extracting twice, 2 h once, then extracted with water, adding 14-fold water, extracting twice, 2 h once. The extract showed the obvious effect on sedation of mice. Conclusion The optimum preparation procedure is reliable, with higher extracting ratio of the active components.

Objective: The quality standards for Zhixuan Granule (Rhizoma Alismatis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, etc.) were studied. Methods: The TLC methods for identification of Rhizoma Alismatis、 Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae were established. A simple HPLC was established for the determination of 23-acetate alisol B. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water(70∶30). UV detecting wavelength was at 208nm. Results: Rhizoma Alismatis and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephala could be detected. 23-acetate alisol B showed a linear relationship at the concentration range of 99～1388.8ng, r=0.9999. The average recovery was 103.05% and RSD was 2.41%(n=6). Conclusion: This method is suitable for the quality control of Zhixuan Granule.

Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal

Objective To explore the monitoring and the individualized adjustment of cellular immunology function in the recipients infected with pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(PDR-Ab)after liver transplantation.Methods We retrospectively summarized the infection and the prognosis of PDR-Ab in 299 cases of liver transplantation performed from Jan.2008 to May 2010.The absolute number of T lymphocytes and ATP level within CD4+ T cells were monitored,and T cell immunology function(TCIFS)was scored.According to different immunology adjusting proposals,14 cases of PDR-Ab infection were divided into 2 groups:(1)traditional group,routine anti-infective therapy;(2)individualized group.Individualized immunology adjustment was made according to the score of TCIFS besides routine therapy.Results There was no significant difference in age,MELD and Child-pugh score between two groups.The peri-operative bleeding volume in individualized group was more than that in traditional group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in TCIFS score between two groups at 1st week after transplantation and the onset of the PDR-Ab infection.However,the score in individualized group was apparently higher than that in traditional group when anti-infection therapy ended(P<0.05).The difference in the recovery rate between two groups was significant(P<0.05).No rejection happened in two groups.Conclusion It is an effective way to decrease the mortality of PDR-Ab infection after liver transplantation that the individualized adjustment of immunosuppression protocols is guided by grading quantitatively the cellular immunology function according to the absolute number of T lymphocytes and ATP level within CD4+ T cells.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of the cellular immune function in severe infection after liver transplantation, and to guide the individualized immunology adjustment. Methods 378 cases of livertransplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy-four cases (infection group) suffered serious infection, including 54 cases cured (cure group), 20 cases died (death group). Fifty cases without infection and rejection were randomly selected as control group (stable group). According to the individualized adjusting proposal of immunosuppressants, 74 patients with severe infection were divided into two groups: traditional (T) group and individualized (Ⅰ) group. The general condition, recovery rate and change of cellular immune function pre- and post-treatment were analyzed. Results The preoperative MELD score and the intraoperative blood loss in infection group were significantly higher than stable group, and those in death group were higher than in cure group. CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte counts in stable group were increased significantly from first week post-operation to discharge. The two indicators in infection group at first week postoperation and the onset of infection were lower than in stable group (P<0. 01). In cure group after infection was controlled the two indicators were higher than at first week post-operation and the onset of infection (P<0. 01), while in death group they were reduced up to death (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in age, preoperative MELD score and the immune function indicators both at first week post-operation and the onset of infection between T group and Ⅰ group, except the intraoperative blood loss in Ⅰ group was greater than in T group. The recovery rate in Ⅰ group (90. 5 %)was higher than in T group (66.0 %). Conclusion Individualized adjustments of immunosuppressants guided according to the dynamic changes of cellular immune function helped to improve the prognosis of severe infection after liver transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of dendritic cell(DC) infiltration and molecules expression in gastric cancer.Methods:After tumor mass was digested by enzyme and cells were seperated,anti S 100 protein antibody immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometric analysis were done in 15 cases of gastric cancer.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR)was used to detect IL 10,VEGF and TGF ? 1 mRNA expression in gastric cancer cells.Results:The number of DC in gastric cancer was just small, and correlated reversely with pathologic stages.The levels of some surface molecules expression such as MHC class Ⅱ, costimulatory molecules B7 1 and ICAM 1 in gastric cancer were negative.The number of DC and the levels of some surface molecules expression in gastric cancer were correlated reversely with pathologic stages.Levels of IL 10,VEGF and TGF ? 1 mRNA expression in gastric cancer cells were high.Conclusion:The results indicate that infiltration and surface molecules expression in gastric cancer are closely linked to tumor pathologic stages.

Objective:To analysis the risk factors and safety of administration of norepinephrine (NE) via peripheral vein line (PVL) in patients with septic shock.Methods:A single-center retrospective study was conducted. According to the Lanzhou University Second Hospital information system (HIS) and nursing adverse events report cards, patients with septic shock administrated with NE via PVL to correct the hypotension from January 1st 2015 to December 31st, 2019 were enrolled. The patients' general information, placement location of peripheral venous catheter and venousneedle type, characteristics of NE usage and patient general condition when extravasation occurred were collected. The univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used to analyze risk factors associated with extravasation. Also, the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn, and the predictive value of risk factors for extravasation was analyzed.Results:A total of 1 022 cases with NE were enrolled. After a preliminary screening, a total of 910 cases with NE were used to correct low blood pressure, including 116 cases of peripheral venous infusion. The average age was (52.91±18.69) years old, with majority of female (77 cases, 66.4%). Basic diseases were mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 100 cases, 86.2%), followed by hypertension(91 cases, 78.4%), coronary heart disease (87 cases, 75.0%), type 2 diabetes (74 cases, 63.8%) respectively, the primary disease was septic shock in 109 cases (94.0%). A total of 147 peripheral venous catheters were inserted, and the most common site of puncture was the forearm [78.9% (116/147)], followed by the hand [12.2% (18/147)] and the median cubital vein [8.8% (13/147)]. 89.9% of the needles were 20 G in diameter, and 75 cases (64.7%) were converted to central venous catheters (CVC) during subsequent treatment due to continuous infusion of NE. Six patients (5.2%) had extravasation, the median time of extravasation was 29 (23-39) hours, and the median time of NE was 23 (11-53) hours, including 2 patients with an infusion concentration of 60 mg/L and 4 patients with an infusion concentration of 120 mg/L.The infusion speed was 0.5-1.0 μg·kg -1·min -1, and the average speed of infusion was (0.75±0.04) μg·kg -1·min -1 when extravasation. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors related to the occurrence of extravasation included: ① patient factors: the presence of basic diseases, hypertension [odds ratio ( OR) = 3.11, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 3.09-3.12, P = 0.001] and edema ( OR = 1.79, 95% CI was 1.32-2.99, P = 0.032). ② Factors of infusion fluid itself: long-term (> 24 hours) infusion ( OR = 2.91, 95% CI was 1.04-5.96, P = 0.040), infusion concentration > 60 mg/L ( OR = 1.88, 95% CI was 1.32-3.99, P = 0.024), infusion speed > 0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1 ( OR = 2.43, 95% CI was 2.38-2.51, P = 0.029) and diameter of needles < 20 G ( OR = 3.11, 95% CI was 3.09-3.22, P = 0.033).③ Medical personnel factors: lack of observation and assessment ( OR = 1.09, 95% CI was 1.03-6.77, P = 0.043). The ROC curve analysis showed that: edema, long-term infusion (> 24 hours), infusion rate > 0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1and diameter of needles < 20 G had a certain predictive value for extravasation of NE through peripheral venous infusion in patients with septic shock, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.610, 0.762, 0.672, 0.629, 95% CI was 0.508-0.713, 0.675-0.849, 0.571-0.772, 0.525-0.732, and P values were 0.044, 0.000, 0.002, 0.019, respectively. Conclusions:Hypertension, edema, long-term infusion (> 24 hours), infusion concentration > 60 mg/L, infusion speed > 0.3 μg·kg -1·min -1, diameter of needle < 20 G, and lack of observation and evaluation by medical staff regularly were risk factors affecting the safety of peripheral intravenous NE in patients with septic shock. Peripheral NE should be avoided in the presence of the above risk factors.