Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of subcutaneous asymmetric tension reduction combined with dermal buried angular mattress suture in surgical treatment of benign pigmented facial lesions in infants and preschoolers.Methods:Totally, 100 infants and preschoolers with pigmented facial lesions were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, Hanzhong Central Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2018 to January 2019, and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, there were 59 males and 41 females, and their age ranged from 3 months to 5 years, with an average age of 15 months. All patients underwent outpatient surgery under local anesthesia, and sedative drugs were used before operation. The skin lesions were excised once or in stages according to their areas, and incisions were closed by using a subcutaneous asymmetric suture-based tension reduction technique, followed by dermal buried angular mattress sutures. After surgery, medical silicone gels and tension reduction devices were used for 6 months to 1 year, and postoperative follow-up was performed.Results:All patients were followed up for more than 1 year after surgery. Four patients showed suture rejection reaction within two months after surgery, and the incisions completely healed after the suture knots were discharged; cat′s ear-shaped scars were formed at the upper and lower ends of the incisions in 3 cases when the sutures were removed 1 week after surgery, no treatment was given, and the cat′s ear-shaped scars gradually became flat after 1 year of follow-up; fat liquefaction occurred in 1 case 4 days after surgery, re-suturing of the incision was done 1 week after the removal of internal sutures and drainage, and the incision healed well; 1 case developed infection 3 days after surgery, and then received the removal of internal sutures, drainage, and anti-infection treatment, re-suturing was performed after complete regression of the incision swelling, and the incisions healed well; scar hyperplasia occurred in 4 cases 3 to 6 months after surgery, and the scars became flat after the local injection of triamcinolone acetonide. In the remaining children, fine white linear scars were formed after the healing of incisions, the depressions and ridges at both ends of the incisions became flat, and there was no obvious pulling sensation in facial organs or formation of cat′s ear-shaped scars.Conclusions:Subcutaneous asymmetric tension reduction combined with dermal buried angular mattress suture can effectively reduce tension twice during delicate facial surgery in infants and preschoolers, and help to avoid incision widening and scar hyperplasia. The follow-up showed favorable long-term efficacy and aesthetic effect.

Purpose BRCA1/2 gene germline variants of the uncertain significance(VUS)are categorized into five clas-ses based on their risk levels,and three classes require regular periodic analysis due to their unclear clinical significance.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of updating var-iation evidences on the VUS sites and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The VUS sites in BRCA1/2 gene were analyzed.971 samples(breast or ovarian cancer)that un-derwent BRCA1/2 germline testing were stored.The VUS sites in BRCA1/2 gene were further reinterpreted by integrating the following evidences,including population frequency database,disease database,computer software prediction,co-segregation evidence,allelic evidence and population cohort evidence to determine whether the variation classification was changed.Results The number of the patients with VUS sites was 142,accounting for 14.6％(142/971).The total number of VUS sites was 128,among which the proportions of missense muta-tion,synonymous mutation,in-frame non-shifted mutation and non-coding region mutation were 70.3％,4.7％,3.1％and 21.9％,respectively.Reinterpretation of VUS sites discovered that 11.7％(15/128)of VUS sites could be downgraded to Class 2,likely benign.Conclusion With the continuous in-creasing evidences of germline variation,the variation classifica-tion of VUS sites will be changed after periodic analysis.

Objective:To analyze the expression of FAT1 gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological features, prognosis, and immunotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Methods:(1) Bioinformatics analysis: based on FAT1 mRNA expression and clinical data of 179 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the TCGA database, and FAT1 mRNA expression data of 328 cases of normal pancreatic tissues in the GTEx database. We analyzed the differences in FAT1 mRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues and the relationship between FAT1 mRNA expression and the degree of differentiation, clinical stage, prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint-associated genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. FAT1-related differentially expressed genes were analyzed by applying Limma 3.40.2 software package, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) of FAT1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues was analyzed by HPA database. (2) Validation of own tissue samples: tissue samples and clinical and prognostic data of 192 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from March 8, 2010 to September 30, 2020 were collected. IHC was performed on the tissue samples to verify the protein expression of FAT1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its relationship with immune-related proteins, the degree of differentiation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, clinical staging, and prognosis.Results:(1) Bioinformatics analysis: the FAT1 mRNA expression of 179 pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues from the TCGA database was 5.55±1.04, which was higher than that of 328 normal pancreatic tissues with FAT1 mRNA from the GTEx database (2.95±0.53, P＜0.001). FAT1-specific IHC images showed that FAT1 expression was generally high in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, and FAT1 expression shifted from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. The FAT1 mRNA expression in the highly differentiated group (31 cases), the moderately differentiated group (96 cases), and the lowly differentiated group (52 cases) were 4.99±1.46, 5.51±0.80, and 5.68±1.08, the expression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues were all higher than that of normal pancreatic tissues (all P＜0.001), and the FAT1 mRNA expression of the moderately differentiated group and the poorly differentiated group were all higher than that of the highly differentiated group (all P＜0.001). The median progression-free survival time (PFS) and median overall survival time (OS) of the 90 patients in the FAT1 mRNA low-expression group were 16.5 and 24 months, respectively, which were longer than those of the 89 patients in the FAT1 mRNA high-expression group (median PFS and OS were 13 and 18 months, respectively; P-values were 0.011 and 0.005, respectively). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that FAT1 mRNA expression level was an independent influencing factor for OS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients ( HR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.99). Correlation analysis showed that FAT1 mRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma was positively correlated with B-cell infiltration, CD8+ T-cell infiltration, neutrophil infiltration, macrophage infiltration, and myeloid dendritic cell infiltration ( ρ=0.27, P＜0.001; ρ=0.28, P＜0.001; ρ=0.32, P＜0.001; ρ=0.21, P=0.004; ρ=0.32, P＜0.001), and also positively correlated with mRNA expression of CD274, HAVCR2, and PDCD1LG2 ( r=0.327, P＜0.001; r=0.231, P=0.002; r=0.258, P＜0.001). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that FAT1 mRNA expression levels were associated with activation of the Wnt signaling pathway ( P=0.029), the PI3K/Akt pathway ( P<0.001), and other tumor microenvironment-related pathways. (2) Validation of own tissue samples: among 192 pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, FAT1 was highly expressed in 58 cases (30.21%), and the proportion of FAT1-expressing positive tumor cells was positively correlated with the combined positive score of PD-L1 and the number of CD3+ T-cells infiltration ( r=0.154, P=0.032; r=0.287, P＜0.001), and the protein expression of FAT1 had no correlation with the differentiation degree of pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( ρ=0.082, P=0.254). The median OS of 58 patients in the FAT1 high-expression group and 134 patients in the FAT1 low-expression group were 18.89 and 25.84 months, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.93, P=0.165). Conclusion:FAT1 gene is highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, may play an oncogenic role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, may be an adverse influence on overall survival and progression-free survival of patients; FAT1 gene may be involved in multiple immune-related pathways and promote tumor immune escape.

Objective:To analyze the expression of FAT1 gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological features, prognosis, and immunotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Methods:(1) Bioinformatics analysis: based on FAT1 mRNA expression and clinical data of 179 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the TCGA database, and FAT1 mRNA expression data of 328 cases of normal pancreatic tissues in the GTEx database. We analyzed the differences in FAT1 mRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues and the relationship between FAT1 mRNA expression and the degree of differentiation, clinical stage, prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint-associated genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. FAT1-related differentially expressed genes were analyzed by applying Limma 3.40.2 software package, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) of FAT1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues was analyzed by HPA database. (2) Validation of own tissue samples: tissue samples and clinical and prognostic data of 192 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from March 8, 2010 to September 30, 2020 were collected. IHC was performed on the tissue samples to verify the protein expression of FAT1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its relationship with immune-related proteins, the degree of differentiation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, clinical staging, and prognosis.Results:(1) Bioinformatics analysis: the FAT1 mRNA expression of 179 pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues from the TCGA database was 5.55±1.04, which was higher than that of 328 normal pancreatic tissues with FAT1 mRNA from the GTEx database (2.95±0.53, P＜0.001). FAT1-specific IHC images showed that FAT1 expression was generally high in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, and FAT1 expression shifted from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. The FAT1 mRNA expression in the highly differentiated group (31 cases), the moderately differentiated group (96 cases), and the lowly differentiated group (52 cases) were 4.99±1.46, 5.51±0.80, and 5.68±1.08, the expression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues were all higher than that of normal pancreatic tissues (all P＜0.001), and the FAT1 mRNA expression of the moderately differentiated group and the poorly differentiated group were all higher than that of the highly differentiated group (all P＜0.001). The median progression-free survival time (PFS) and median overall survival time (OS) of the 90 patients in the FAT1 mRNA low-expression group were 16.5 and 24 months, respectively, which were longer than those of the 89 patients in the FAT1 mRNA high-expression group (median PFS and OS were 13 and 18 months, respectively; P-values were 0.011 and 0.005, respectively). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that FAT1 mRNA expression level was an independent influencing factor for OS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients ( HR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.99). Correlation analysis showed that FAT1 mRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma was positively correlated with B-cell infiltration, CD8+ T-cell infiltration, neutrophil infiltration, macrophage infiltration, and myeloid dendritic cell infiltration ( ρ=0.27, P＜0.001; ρ=0.28, P＜0.001; ρ=0.32, P＜0.001; ρ=0.21, P=0.004; ρ=0.32, P＜0.001), and also positively correlated with mRNA expression of CD274, HAVCR2, and PDCD1LG2 ( r=0.327, P＜0.001; r=0.231, P=0.002; r=0.258, P＜0.001). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that FAT1 mRNA expression levels were associated with activation of the Wnt signaling pathway ( P=0.029), the PI3K/Akt pathway ( P<0.001), and other tumor microenvironment-related pathways. (2) Validation of own tissue samples: among 192 pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, FAT1 was highly expressed in 58 cases (30.21%), and the proportion of FAT1-expressing positive tumor cells was positively correlated with the combined positive score of PD-L1 and the number of CD3+ T-cells infiltration ( r=0.154, P=0.032; r=0.287, P＜0.001), and the protein expression of FAT1 had no correlation with the differentiation degree of pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( ρ=0.082, P=0.254). The median OS of 58 patients in the FAT1 high-expression group and 134 patients in the FAT1 low-expression group were 18.89 and 25.84 months, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.93, P=0.165). Conclusion:FAT1 gene is highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues, may play an oncogenic role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, may be an adverse influence on overall survival and progression-free survival of patients; FAT1 gene may be involved in multiple immune-related pathways and promote tumor immune escape.