Objective To understand the schistosomiasis endemic situation at a national surveillance site in Gong an Coun-ty Hubei Province. Methods According to The Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in China the schistosome infection rates of residents and cattle and the Oncomelaniahupensissnail status were investigated yearly in Zhangjiahu Village a nation-al surveillance site in Gong an County from 2004 to 2013. Results From 2004 to 2013 the human schistosome infection rates decreased from 10.66%to 0.58% and the cattle schistosome infection rates from 12.75%to 0. Meanwhile the snail areas and densities reduced and the schistosome infected snails were eliminated. Conclusion The schistosomiasis endemic situa-tion declined dramatically at the surveillance site and schistosomiasis is well-controlled.

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Gongan County,Hubei Province by longitudinal ob-servations so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis control strategy in lake and marshland regions. Meth-ods The schistosomiasis epidemic data in Gongan County from 2000-2013 were collected by the retrospective research method, and analyzed about the changing tendency of human and cattle infection rates,and Oncomelania hupensis snail situation. Re-sults The tendency of schistosomiasis epidemic situation was descended from 2000 to 2013. The human infection rate declined from 12.62%in 2000 to 0.69%in 2013. The decline scope of human infection rate was 24.1%in the first stage,64.4%in the sec-ond stage,and 73.0%in the third stage. Eight acute schistosomiasis cases were reported in the first stage,15 cases in the second stage,and none in the third stage. The cattle infection rate declined from 6.50%in 2000 to 0.30%in 2013. The rise scope of cattle infection rate was 74.2%in the first stage,but the decline scope was 75.0%in the second stage and 87.6%in the third stage. All the cattle were disposal at the end of 2013. The infection rate of snails,area with infected snails,and average density of living snails in the first stage increased by 18.1%,46.0%and 7.6%,respectively. The 3 indexes above-mentioned in the second stage de-creased by 76.8%,97.8%and 37.9%,respectively. In the third stage,the infection rate of snails and area with infected snails de-creased by both 100%,but the average density of living snails increased by 2.7%. The infected snails were found from 2000 to 2011,but none in 2012 and 2013. The infection rate of snails and area with infected snails dropped yearly,the infection rate of snails declined from 0.0007% in 2000 to 0.0002% in 2011,and the area with infected snails declined from 267.8 hm2 in 2000 to 6.37 hm2 in 2011. Conclusions After the implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis prevention and control strategy with the emphasis on infectious source control,the human and cattle schistosome infection rates decline significantly. Hereafter,it is necessary to prevent the schistosomiasis epidemic outbreak or rebound.

Objective To investigate the value of serum IgG4 in diagnosis of IgG4-RD and in differentiation from rheumatic diseases.Methods Total of 23 patients with IgG4-RD and 502 patients with rheumatic diseases were enrolled,who presented at Changhai Hospital in 2010 to 2011.In the study,rheumatic diseases were categorized into groups of Sj(o)gren syndrome (n =26),ankylosing spondylitis (n-50),systemic sclerosis (n =3),rhcumatoid arthritis (RA,n =125),mixed connective tissue disease (n =15),systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,n =212),adult onset still disease (n =20),Behcet syndrome (n =17),polymyositis (n =12),dermatomyositis (n =12),polymyalgiarheumatica (n =10).Serum IgG and IgG4 levels were measured by a rate nephelometer assay.The ROC curves were constructed to identify the optimal serum IgG4 cutoff value for diagnosing IgG4-RD and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity.Results The mean levels of serum lgG4 in the group with IgG4-RD were 11.4(5.0-14.8) g/L.In about 95.6％ IgG4-RD patients,the serum IgG4 level was higher than ＞ 1.4 g/L and other rheumatic diseases (U values were 6.0,21.0,0,58.5,0,9.0,3.0,4.0,0,3.0,3.5,P ＜0.01).The levels of serum IgG4 with RA was 0.6(0.3-1.2) g/L,the levels of serum IgG4 with SLE was 0.2 (0.1-0.4) g/L.There were statistical differences between RA and SLE (U value was 5847,P ＜ 0.01).At the same time,some patients with other rheumatic diseases were found serum IgG4 level higher than ＞ 1.4 g/L,which was about 10％ in the patients whith RA,ankylosing spondylitis,adult onset still disease and polymyalgiarheumatica.According to the ROC constructed the cut off value in present study was 2.2 g/L,and sensitivity and specificity were 95.7％ and 97.4％,respectively.Area under the cerve (AUC) was 0.995.There were no significant differences between the sensitivity and specificity values obtained with a cutoff value of 2.2 g/L.In patients with other rheumatic diseases,the ratio of high serum IgG4 level (＞ 2.2 g/L) were declined obviously,except polymyalgiarheumatica,it was less than 10％.For differentiation from rheumatic diseases specificity values were higher.Conclusions The cut off value of 2.2 g/L is useful for diagnosing IgG4-RD,and in differentiation from rheumatic diseases.The high serum IgG4 concentrations are not specific to IgG4-RD.The cut off value of 2.2 g/L is better to diagnose IgG4-RD,and contributes to the differential diagnosis of IgG4-RD and other rheumatic diseases,but it needs to be further confirmed in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical application and manifestation of dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating true progession from pseudoprogression in patients with gliobastomas.Methods Twenty five glioma patients were treated with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and enrolled in this study.All patients were underwent DCE-MRI using a 1.5T scanner.Fifteen patients were confimmed by secondary pathology or clinical and imaging follow-up of patients with gliomas true progession (TP),10 patients were pseudoprogress (PP).Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare perfusion parameters between two groups (TP and PP),were used for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to clear if these parameters can be the indicators to differentiate true progession from pseudoprogression.Results Ktrans (volume transfer constant),Ve (fractional volume of extravascular extracellular) values between TP and PP glioma groups were statistically significant,K and Ve values were significantly higher in the TP group than in the PP group (P ＜ 0.05).The areas under the ROC curve are 0.990 and 0.847,respectively.Kep (efflux rate constant) value,Vp (fractional volume of plasma) value in the identification of glioma TP group and PP group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DCE-MRI can be used to identify glioma TP and PP,Ktrans value and Ve value have clinical significance.

Objective To investigate integrated status of community inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 240 cases of type 2 diabetic patients in the Zhangjiagang Aoyang Hospital were included in the study from May 1,2007 to Dec 31,2008.A uniform questionnaire was applicated.Gender,disease duration,age,academic qualifications,occupation,education,height,weight,waist circumference,hip,relevant medical history and so on were collected.Results The onset age of inpatients with type 2 diabetes was (48.91 ± 12.38),onset age of male was(46.32 ±12.08),which was significantly lower than female (52.42 ± 11.97) (P ＜ 0.01).The onset age female and male proportion also had significant differences,age onset of male was in advance.The average body mass index was (24 ±3.47)kg/m2,most of the inpatients were workers and farmers,the level of education was primary and secondary.Multiple regression analysis hints,risk factor of onset age is the family history of diabetes,the history of hypertension,male,low academic qualifications.Percentage of newly diagnosed patients was 28.3％,about one-third in patients were with the metabolic syndrome,hyperlipidemia,high blood pressure,fatty liver.Conclusions Education level of the inpatients was lowe in the community,so strengthening diabetes education was required.The persons in the commuities who were male,or with the family history of diabetes,with high blood pressure history were of the communities require for early screening of diabetes mellitus,so the occurrence and development of diabetes woule be controlled.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and analyze the altered sensitivities of human renal carcinoma cell line to cisplatin.Methods:Three small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences targeted MDR1 gene were synthesized and transfected into renal carcinoma A498 cells. The expression level of MDRl mRNA was measured by RT-PCR to identify the most effective siRNA sequence. The recombinant plasmid was packed by lentivirus and transfected into A498 cells. RT-PCR was used to screen the A498 cells with the optimal silencing efficacy. The MDR1 protein expression level in the cloned cells was verified by Western blotting. The inhibitory effect of cisplatin on the proliferation of A498 cells was assessed by MTT assay and the IC_(50) value was calculated. Results:The 3 siRNA sequences suppressed MDR1 gene expression at different degrees. The siRNA 1 sequence silenced MDR1 gene more effectively with a significant reduction of 67%. The MDR1 protein expression greatly decreased in screened A498 cells compared with non-transfected cells (P<0.01), and the IC_(50) value of cisplatin on screened A498 cells was significantly decreased by 83.37% (P<0.01). Conclusion: The RNAi could effectively inhibit the expression of MDR1 gene and increase the sensibility to cisplatin in human renal carcinoma A498 cell line, which make it possible to reverse the resistance of renal carcinoma to chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(SC-NE)against Oncomelania hupensis snails in laboratory and field. Methods The experiment of SCNE against the snails by using the immersing and spraying methods was performed in laboratory and field,with control groups of wettable powder of ni-closamide ethanolamine salt(WPN). Results In the laboratory,LC50(s) of SCNE for 24,48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were 0.0926,0.0629 mg/L and 0.0549 mg/L,respectively. The mortality rates of snails for 24,48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were all 100％ with the concentrations of 0.25 mg/L. The mortality rates of snails were all 100％ while spraying SCNE for 3 d in the laboratory with the concentrations of 0.25 g/m2. In Jiangling County,except 0.5 g/m3 SCNE immers-ing the snails for 24 h,the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE with the immersing method were all 100％. While the concen-tration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3 or above,the mortality rates were all 100％after the use of it with the immersion method for 2 d in Gong'an County. In Jiangling County,the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE 0.5 g/m3 for 1 d,3 d,and 7 d with the spray-ing method were 87.5％,92.82％and 97.40％respectively. While the concentration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3,the mortality rates were 85.94％,86.78％and 94.21％respectively after the use of it with the spraying method for 1 d,3 d,7 d in Gong'an Coun-ty,and the molluscicidal effect of SCNE(1.0 g/m2)was higher than that of WPN. Conclusion SCNE has a high molluscicidal effect in the laboratory and field,and it is a novel and simple formulation of niclosamide.

Objective:To analyze the curative effect and prognostic factors for comprehensive therapy in patients with high-grade glioma.Methods:Patients with high-grade glioma (WHO grade Ⅲ,grade Ⅳ) were chosen from July 2008 to May 2016 in the Hunan Cancer Hospital,and a retrospective analysis was performed in 64 patients with complete follow-up data.Results:The follow-up time was 3-111 (median 29.5) months,the median overall survival time was 36.00 (95％ CI 22.85 to 49.16) months,the median progression-free survival time (PFS) was 21.00 (95％ CI 9.72 to 32.28) months,The 1-year,2-year,3-year and 5-year survival rates of high-grade glioma patients were 87.50％,56.25％,40.63％ and 17.19％,respectively.The univariate analysis of Log-Rank test and the Cox regression model analysis showed that the prognostic factors related to the prognosis of high-grade glioma patients were pathological grade,resection degree,and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The overall survival time,progression-free survival time and the 5-year survival rate of patients with high-grade glioma after comprehensive treatment is partially improved.The factors relevant to the prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma are pathological grade,resection degree,and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy,indicating that the glioma patients (WHO grade Ⅲ) received total resection of the tumor and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy have better clinical effect.

Glioma is a highly common malignant brain tumor. Current mainstream treatments include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the low survival rate and poor prognosis of patients have led scientists to explore new therapies. Hyperthermia is a method of local or whole body heating that utilizes high temperature to kill tumor cells to achieve a therapeutic effect, which has multiple advantages in the treatment of glioma, such as minimal invasiveness and high precision, etc. Studies have shown that hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the clinical prognosis of patients. Currently, it serves as a therapeutic tool for glioma with huge potential advantages. In this review, the hyperthermia methods applied to treat glioma were introduced. The application prospects and current status of hyperthermia in treating glioma were summarized. In addition, the mature equipment and operation methods that have been applied in the hyperthermia treatment of glioma were illustrated.