Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of thyroid nodules in different occupational groups in Shijiazhuang City.Methods:Different occupational groups who underwent physical examination at the Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang City from May to December 2015 and had lived there for more than 10 years were selected as the investigation subjects, including workers, farmers, science and technology education personnel, medical and health personnel, civil servants and individual businessmen. Questionnaire survey and thyroid examination were conducted, blood lipid, blood glucose and thyroid hormone levels were tested, and related influencing factors of thyroid nodules were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 440 different occupational subjects were surveyed, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules was 20.35% (293/1 440). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in females (22.59%, 159/704) was significantly higher than that in males (18.21%, 134/736), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.26, P = 0.039). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid nodules in different age groups (χ 2 = 73.87, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence in the 70 - 80 age group (43.75%, 21/48). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid nodules among different occupational groups (χ 2 = 36.56, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence in individual businessmen (31.84%, 78/245). By univariate analysis, the prevalence of thyroid nodules in people with good economic status [27.45% (42/153) vs 19.48% (248/1 273)], radiation exposure history [26.39% (109/413) vs 17.92% (184/1 027)], and diabetes history [33.71% (30/89) vs 19.47% (263/1 351)] was higher (χ 2 = 5.35, 13.06, 10.45, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of thyroid nodules in occupational group in Shijiazhuang City is relatively high, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in females is significantly higher than that in males. Economic status, radiation exposure history and diabetes history are the main influencing factors.

Chemotherapy is an important adjuvant treatment of glioma, while the efficacy is far from satisfactory, due not only to the biological barriers of blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and blood‒tumor barrier (BTB) but also to the intrinsic resistance of glioma cells via multiple survival mechanisms such as up-regulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To address these limitations, we report a bacteria-based drug delivery strategy for BBB/BTB transportation, glioma targeting, and chemo-sensitization. Bacteria selectively colonized into hypoxic tumor region and modulated tumor microenvironment, including macrophages repolarization and neutrophils infiltration. Specifically, tumor migration of neutrophils was employed as hitchhiking delivery of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs/DOX). By virtue of the surface pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from native bacteria, OMVs/DOX could be selectively recognized by neutrophils, thus facilitating glioma targeted delivery of drug with significantly enhanced tumor accumulation by 18-fold as compared to the classical passive targeting effect. Moreover, the P-gp expression on tumor cells was silenced by bacteria type III secretion effector to sensitize the efficacy of DOX, resulting in complete tumor eradication with 100% survival of all treated mice. In addition, the colonized bacteria were finally cleared by anti-bacterial activity of DOX to minimize the potential infection risk, and cardiotoxicity of DOX was also avoided, achieving excellent compatibility. This work provides an efficient trans-BBB/BTB drug delivery strategy via cell hitchhiking for enhanced glioma therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of SGK-1 in the occurrence of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA). Methods: Sixteen rats were randomly divided into Control group(Control group) and TMJ-OA group(TMJ-OA group), and TMJ-OA group was injected with sodium iodoacetate(MIA) intra articular cavity while Control group was injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Pain behavior was assessed by measuring the head withdrawal threshold(HWT) with a von-Frey apparatus. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Safranin O-fast green stains were used to observe the histological structure changes of the condyle of TMJ-OA rats. Real-time PCR was performed to exam the expression levels of mRNA of SGK-1, MMP-13, IL-1β, COX-2 in mandibular condylar cartilage(MCC). HE stain was used to observe the histological structure changes of the trigeminal ganglion(TG) of TMJ-OA rats. Real-time PCR was performed to exam the expression levels of mRNA of SGK-1, COX-2 in TG. Results: MIA injection induced typical OA-like lesions in the TMJ within 28 days. Administration of MIA led to the significant decrease in HWT, disordered of the condyle cartilage and subchondral bone structure, demyelination aggravated of nerve fibers in TMJ rats. Compared with rats in Control groups, the expression levels of SGK-1 in MCC and TG of rats in TMJ-OA group were upregulated. Conclusion In the pathological process of TMJ-OA, SGK-1 may plays an important role not only in cartilage structural damage but also in pain transmission.

Objective Using zebrafish to analyze the effect of water temperature on the recovery of spinal cord in-jury. To detect the cell proliferation and changes of gene expression at the injury site during the process of recovery. Meth-ods Surgical operation was performed to induce spinal cord injury ( SCI) on adult fish. Water at a series of temperature was applied to culture the fish. Swimming ability was adopted to observe the recovery of spinal cord injury following surger?y. Vibration sections and immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the cell number post SCI at different stages. The changes of gdnf and nos gene expression were determined by real?time PCR. Results The water temperature changes from 28℃ to 32℃ did not affect the swimming ability of non?injured and sham?injured fish ( P>0. 05 ) . The swimming ability recovered mostly in 8 weeks post spinal cord injury. At 32℃, the swimming ability recovered faster than at 28℃ or at 30℃(P<0. 05). The cell proliferation increased obviously following spinal cord injury (P<0. 05). The proliferation of cells surrounding the spinal cord in jury was more extensive in SCI fishes incubated in 32℃ water than in 28℃ or 30℃ water ( P<0. 05). Real?time PCR assay showed that gdnf was up?regulated in all groups post SCI at 24 h, and 7 and 14 days (P<0. 05). The nos expression was up?regulated in all groups following SCI in 24 h (P<0. 05) and 7 days. There was no sig?nificant difference between the SCI group and sham?injury group (P<0. 05), while after 14 days, the expression of nos was reduced in the SCI group compared with the sham?injury group (P<0. 05). Conclusions A slight increase of incu?bating water temperature can accelerate the recovery of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.

BACKGROUND:There is no effective drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), because of a lack of the animal model imitating the complete pathogenesis of human IPF. Therefore, it is critical to establish an ideal animal IPF model used for investigating the underlying pathogenesis and developing a kind of effective drug. OBJECTIVE:To establish an animal model that can mimic more characters of human IPF. METHODS:Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, fol owed by subjected to the intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin (35 mg/kg) on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22, and 25, twice (group A) or once (group B) a week. Mice were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after the eighth injection, and the lung tissues were moved used for hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and immunohistochemical stainings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were various degrees of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the two groups at different time points after the last injection. The scores of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the group A began to gradual y increase from the 2nd week and reached the highest level at the 6th-8th weeks until the 10th week. In contrast, the scores of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the group B peaked at the 2nd week, then fluctuately decreased, and were significantly lower than those in the group A at the 6th week (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that type I col agen deposition was mainly distributed in the subpleural region, peri-vascular region and alveolar septa, which was consistent with Masson staining findings. The expression levels of transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1) andα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the regions developing alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were significantly increased. In the group A, the expression levels of type I col agen, TGF-β1,α-SMA, and the hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues reached the peak level at 6-8 weeks. However, in the group B, al above indicators reached the highest level at the 2nd week, but gradual y decreased thereafter. At the 4th week, the expression Levels of TGF-β1 andα-SMA in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (P<0.05). At the 6th week, the hydroxyproline and type I col agen levels in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (P<0.05). In conclusion, the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg bleomycin twice weekly can be used to mimic the repetitive wound healing process, pathological morphology and cytokine changes of human IPF, which is prone to administration, with better stability and repeatability. This model is of great significance for the study on IPF. Subject headings:Disease Models, Animal;Pulmonary Fibrosis;Bleomycin

In the course of the training of clinical specialty degree graduate education and standard-ized training of residents(referred to as"temporary residence"),students are required to obtain"four certifi-cates" in 3 years". Here, our department of Neurology reviewed residents who were trained by this training mode. Their ability of clinical neurological profession, clinical thinking and clinical research was with effective promotion through"one to one"teaching method,the tutor-responsibility system,PBL teaching and literature-reading meeting. The objective is to get the best effect in 3 years, to explore a more suitable training mode for these residents and train high-level clinicians with applied and academic types.

Objective To explore the iodine status of pregnant women after 17 years of salt iodization in rural areas of Shijiazhuang City.Methods Probability proportionate to size sampling was employed in which 30 towns were selected from the 211 towns in the rural areas of Shijiazhuang City.In each town selected,40 pregnant women were randomly selected to collect their spot urine samples,edible salt samples and drinking water samples from their households to measure iodine content.The iodine content of salt was determined quantitatively using a titration method (GB/F 13025.7-2012).The urinary iodine content was determined using the method of ammonium persulfate digestion arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).The iodine content in drinking water was determined by the method of standard test for drinking water.Results A total of 1 200 salt samples was collected from the pregnant women's households in 30 towns,with the overall median iodine content being 27.2 mg/kg.The median salt iodine content in 30 towns varied from 23.4 to 32.6 mg/kg.A total of 478 water samples were collected,with a median of 5.3 μg/L.The median urinary iodine content (UIC) of 1 200 pregnant women in 30 towns was 146.4 μg/L.The median UIC in the first (≤ 13 weeks),second (14 ～ 26 weeks) and third (≥27 weeks) trimesters was 166.3,145.1 and 133.5 μg/L,respectively.The median UIC in the first trimester was significantly higher than that in the third trimester (Mann-Whitney Test,U =18 265,P ＜ 0.05).Except for the 9-20 and 37-40 weeks period of pregnancy,the median UIC was lower than the WHO criteria (150 μg/L).Tested by linear correlation,the pregnant women's median UIC did not correlate with median salt iodine (r =0.725,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Under the current universal salt iodization,the pregnant women's iodine intake could almost meet their requirement in the rural areas of Shijiazhuang City,however,mild iodine deficiency has existed in the third trimester.Alternative measures of iodine supplement could be implemented.

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To study the effect of idazoxan on the permeability of inflammatory blood-brain barrier ( BBB) model in vitro and the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1.METHODS:In vitro BBB model was established by murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 incubated for 7 d.The cells were treated with TNF-α(10 nmol/L) for addi-tional 24 h to establish the inflammatory BBB model, which was pretreated with IDA at doses of 50, 100 and 200μmol/L, respectively.The permeability was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FD-40, MW 40,000), the expression of ZO-1 was detected by Western blot analysis, the distribution of ZO-1 was observed by immunofluores-cence, and the mRNA expression of MMP-9/TIMP-1 was measured by RT-PCR.RESULTS:After incubated for 7 d, b. End3 cells converged to be confluent monolayer with low permeability.The inflammatory BBB model induced by TNF-αtreatment displayed much higher permeability with decreased expression of tight junction protein ZO-1, destroyed distribu-tion of ZO-1 and increased mRNA expression of MMP-9.When pretreated with IDA, the permeability was greatly de-creased, the expression of ZO-1 was greatly increased, the abnormal distribution of ZO-1 was greatly ameliorated and the mRNA expression of MMP-9 was obviously reduced.The effect was most significant in IDA ( 200 μmol/L )-pretreated group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:IDA directly acts on brain endothelial cells to reduce the expression of MMP-9, in-crease the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and ameliorate the destroyed distribution of ZO-1 in the inflammatory BBB, thus reversing the abnormally elevated permeability in a inflammatory BBB model in vitro induced by TNF-α.

Honeybee pupae were collected from Jilin apiaries and RNA was extracted for use as a tefnplate for amplification. Based on the complete genome sequences of black queen cell virus (BQCV) published on GenBank, we designed 10 pairs of primers to amplify genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using this approach, we have obtained the first complete genome sequence of a BQCV isolate in China. The genome of the isolated strain, named BQCV-JL1, is composed of 8358 nucleotides and shares between 86% and 93% homology with the complete genome sequences of the other six BQCV strains published on GenBank. ORF 1 of BQCV-JL1 is positioned between nucleot ides (nt) 546 and 4676 (4131 nt), while ORF 2 is located between nt 5750 and 8203. Between the two ORFs of BQCV-JL1 there is a short ORF, called ORF 3, between nt 4891 and 5433 (543 nt). The first functional gene ex- pression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is positioned between nt 546 and 5 429, encompassing both ORF 1 and ORF 3. There is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located before ORF 2, the last three bases of which are CCU (nt 5642-5644). These bases act as an initiation.codon facilitating the translation of ORF 2. The second functional gene expression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is located between nt positions 5642 and 8203. The BQCV-JL1 strain was found to share high sequence identity (93%) with the Hungary 10 genotype at the whole-genome level and analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the BQCV-JL1 strain also shows close genetic relationships with the South Korea strain, suggesting that both the BQCV-JL1 and South Korea strains may have migrated from European countries. BQCV-JL1 strain was different from the other 6 strains in dividing the nucleotides positions of QRF, which vqs because of the gene mutation.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bees ; China ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

In nature, honeybees are the most important pollinators. They play a vital role in both protecting the diversity of natural ecosystems, and maintaining the yield-improving effects of agroecosystems. But in recent years, epidemic disease in bees has caused huge losses. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is a bee pathogen that was first reported in 1955. It mainly infects bee larvae and pupae, making their bodies turn dark and black, and causing a massive decrease in the bee population. More specifically, the virus makes the exterior of the cell walls in the larvae and pupae turn black. BQCV is a seasonal epidemic, spread by means horizontal and vertical transmission, and is often unapparent. BQCV not only infects a variety of bee species, but also spiders, centipedes and other arthropods. It can also be coinfected with other honeybee viruses. In recent years, research has shown that the Nosema intestinal parasite plays an important role in BQCV transmission and bees carrying Nosema that become infected with BQCV have increased mortality. Here we summarize current research on the incidence, prevalence, geographical distribution and transmission of BQCV.
Animals ; Bees ; virology ; Dicistroviridae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Insect Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology