Objective To explore the relationship between the osteonecrotic volume (lesion size), angle and the index of necrotic extent on the femoral head. Methods Fifty-one hips in 39 patients with non-traumatic avascular osteonecrosis on the femoral head were divided into 12 equal segments from the head to the neck junction (a turning point of the spherical curve of the head) with whole hip displacement, each with 30 degrees on a coronal plane of weight-bearing surface. The osteonecrotic angle of the arc of each necrotic segment from the center of the femoral head was measured at the point of one- to 12-o'clock on imaging of two dimensional reconstruction of computerized tomography (CT) scans and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Necrotic volume on each segment of the femoral head was calculated with fluid displacement method. The index of osteonecrotic extent on the femoral head was calculated using direct anatomical measurements. Results Osteoneerotic volume on the femoral head at the point of 12- to one-o'clock on coronal plane was (74. 5 ± 7.4)% of the sphere equivalent of the whole femoral head, which was positively correlated to its necrotic angle [ (41.9±8. 3) degrees] at the point of one-o'clock on the plane, with a coefficient of correlation of 0. 843, and that at the point of one- to two-o'clock on the plane was (73.7 ±0. 4) %, which was positively correlated to its necrotic angle [ (41.9 ± 1.8) degrees] at the point of two-o'clock, with a coefficient of correlation of 0. 543. Osteonecrotic volume on the point of 11- to 12-o'cleck was (83.6±8.6)%, and the necrotic angle at the point of 12-o'clock was (44. 9±3.9) degrees, which were positively correlated each other, with a coefficient of correlation of 0. 701 (P <0. 01 ). Osteonecrotic volume on the femoral head was positively correlated to its necrotic angle , modified index of necrotic extent, index of necrotic extent and Kerboul conjugated necrotic angle, with coefficients of correlation of 0. 798, 0. 701, 0. 377 and 0. 398 ( P < 0. 01 ), respectively, at the point of one o' clock. Conclusions Measurements of osteonecrotic volume was positively correlated to the index of necrotic extent and necrotic angle on the femoral head, respectively. Necrotic angle on the plane at 30-degree of the trochanter on the femoral head can well reflect its necrotic volume.

Objective To study the effects of sensitized dendritic cells in the treatment of bladder tumor and further discuss the mechanism of this immunotherapy. Methods 44 female F344 rats, which irrigated N-methyl-N-nitrosourea into bladders every other week for a total of five doses, were induced to bladder tumor. They were treated subcutaneously with either PBS, unsensitized DC, freeze thawing supernatant of tumor cells, or sensitized DC respectively every week for a total of four times. In the fifteenth week, their bladders were weighted and harvested for observation by naked eye and microscope, their blood was harvested for examination CTL by FCM. Results The weight of bladders in sensitized DC group was lower than those in PBS group, unsensitized DC group and freeze thawing supernatant of bladder tumor cells group (P<0.05). The stages of bladder tumor in sensitized DC group were statistically descended compared with those in PBS group (P <0.05). The CD+3 T cells in sensitized DC group was lower than those in PBS group, unsensitized DC group and freeze thawing supernatant of bladder tumor cells group (P <0.05). The CD+3 CD+8 CD+28 T cells in sensitized DC group was higher than those in PBS group, unsensitized DC group and freeze thawing supematant of bladder tumor cells group(P <0.001). Conclusion Sensitized DC injecting subcutaneously can reduce the stages of F344 rats' bladder tumor, Unsensitized DC injecting subcutaneously has not effect in the treatment of bladder tumor;, while the effect of freeze thawing supematant of tumor cells injecting subcutaneously is not well. The mechanism of sensitized DC in the treatment of blader tumor is that DC plays an immunol killing role by presenting antigen, stimulating CTL.

The differences in intracellular and extracellular protein expressions between human prostate cancer lines LNCap and DU145 were examined. The proteins of the two cell lines were extracted and condensed by using protein extraction kits. And the intracellular and extracellular proteins were quantitatively detected on a micro-plate reader by using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. The proteins in cell culture fluid were qualitatively assayed by SELDI-TOF-MS. The results showed that the intracellular protein contents of LNCap cells were extremely higher than those of DU145 cells. After serum-free culture, both intracellular and extracellular protein contents of LNCap and DU145 were decreased to some extent. And the intracellular proteins were decreased by 5% in LNCap and by 36% in DU145 respectively, while the extracellular proteins were decreased by 89% in LNCap and 96% in DU145 respectively. SELDI assay revealed that there were 5 marker proteins in LNCap and 6 in DU145. Although both LNCap and DU145 cell lines originated from human prostate cancer, they had some differences in protein expression.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proteomics/*methods ; Tumor Markers, Biological

Objective To study the antitumor effects on human prostate cancer cell lines of a traditional Chinese medicine named atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil in vitro.Methods LNCaP and DU145 cell lines were normally cultured and were divided into 4 control groups including:Blank culture without serum and without cell (group A),Blank culture with serum but without cell (group B),LNCaP cell culture with serum (group C),DU145 cell culture with serum (group D).In the meanwhile,there were 6 experimental groups:adding 50 μg/ml of atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil in culture of group C1 and group D1,250ug/ml in group C2 and group D2,and 500ug/ml in group C3 and group D3.All of the 10 groups were simultaneously cultured in 24-well-plates for 48 hrs,and each group was repeatedly studied for three times.Forty-eight hours later,every 2 × 106 cells of LNCaP or DU145 was seeded into each well and atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil was added in 6 experimental groups,and saline water was added into 4 control groups.Another 48 hrs later,the culture solutions of the 10 groups were separately collected for testosterone (T),estradiol (E2),progesterone (P),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF),total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) analysis with enzyme-linked immunoassay kits.The experiment was repeated for 3 times,and the mean data were statistically analyzed by SPSS One-way ANOVA.Results The growth of cultured cells was found to have been effectively inhibited in group C1 and group D2.The inhibition severity of LNCaP cells was positively related with the drug concentration and time,while DU145 cells could only be highly inhibited (60.96％) after 24hrs drug treatments.In group C and group D,we found that both T were in very low level (0 ng/ml) whereas both E2 were in high levels (269 pg/ml and 239.81 pg/ml,P ＜ 0.05),no distinct differences showed in P; In addition,VEGF,b-FGF and fPSA were all in high values,whose values were 102.96 pg/ml and 1763.40 pg/ml,0.26 ng/ml and 6.41 ng/ml,0.16 ng/ml and 0.44 ng/ml,respectively; DU145 cells had higher values than LNCaP cells (P ＜ 0.05).As regard to the 6 experimental groups,in the groups C1,C2,C3 and D3,we found that T had been unexpectedly increased from 0 to 0.37 ng/ml (P ＜ 0.05),E2 continuously elevated from 239.81 pg/ml to 649.90 pg/ml (P ＜0.05),surprisingly P were also increased from 0.98 ng/ml to 9.83 ng/ml (P ＜0.01).On the contrary,VEGF,b-FGF and fPSA levels were all graduallydecreased,dropping down to 47.79 pg/ml and 59.56pg/ml,0 and 1.79 ng/ml,0 and 0.11 ng/ml,respectively; nevertheless,in group C2 and group D2,fPSA values were surprisingly increased from 0 and 0.04 ng/ml up to 1.78 ng/ml and 0.23 ng/ml respectively.Conclusions Atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil has certain anti-tumor effects on human prostate cancer.Compared with LNCaP cells,DU145 cells have many different characteristics in sex hormone,cytokine and PSA expressions.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of volumetric measurement of necrotic lesion using CT and MRI,and to assess the value of necrotic lesion volume in predicting collapse of the femoral head in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH). Methods Comparison among CT,MRI and gross section was performed in 25 femoral heads of 18 patients who underwent total hip replacement for established ANFH.The volume of necrotic lesion was measured using fluid displacement.CT and MRI data were transferred to a computer to calculate the volume of necrotic lesion using software.One way ANOVA was used to compare the volumes of necrotic lesion measured by CT,MRI and gross section.A total of 62 patients (92 hips) who were diagnosed with ANFH but without collapse by CT were followed up 24 months.Student t-test was used to compare the ratio of the volumes of the necrotic lesion and entire femoral head in the hips with and without collapse and ROC curve analysis was carried out.Results CT and MRI coincided with gross section in the necrotic area,proliferative area and extralesional area.The volumes of the necrotic lesion measured by CT,MRI and gross section were ( 20.5 ± 5.2 ),( 21.4 ± 4.8 ),( 20.9 ± 5.2 ) cm3,respectively.There was no significant difference among the necrotic volumes measured by the three methods(F =0.185,P =0.831 ).In fifty-seven out of 92 hips,collapse of the femoral head occurred during the follow-up.The ratio of the volumes of the necrotic lesion and entire femoral head was higher in hips with collapse than in hips without collapse[ (34.5 ±9.3)％ vs.(23.4 ±8.4)％ ;t =5.749,P=0.000].The area under the ROC curve was 0.808. Conclusions The volume of the necrotic lesion plays an important role in the collapse of femoral head in patients with ANFH.Both CT and MRI can identify the shape and location of the necrotic lesion intuitively and stereospecifically and can determine the volume of the necrotic lesion accurately.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) from inpatients with cerebrovascular diseases in Shanghai district. MethodsInpatients with cerebrovascular diseases from neurology department of five hospitals in Shanghai from Jun. 2007 to Feb. 2008 were recruited . All the patients were respectively diagnosed by brain CT, CTA, MRI, MRA and TCD. Laboratory data included urinary microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), routine urinalysis, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour-postprandial plasma glucose, Scr, uric acid, etc. All the serum creatinine samples were uniformly tested in central laboratory of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital.Glomendar filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by complicated MDRD equation and CKD stage was classified according to K/DOQI guidelines. ResultsA total of 1014 hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular diseases were enrolled during the observation period, with M/F ratio of 559/455 and mean age of (68.56±12.17) years. Cerebrovascular diseases included ischemic stroke (708 cases), hemorrhagic stroke (197 cases) and transient cerebral ischemie attack (TIA) (109 cases). Microalbuminuria (MAU) was detected in 11.2%, while 24.8% patients had proteinuria. The prevalence of CKD was 47.7%. The percentage of these inpatients in CKD stage 1 to 5 was approximately 6.90%, 14.69%, 21.60%, 2.56% and 1.97% respectively. The Logistic regression model showed that the risk factors of short-term (<30 days) prognosis were albuminuria, hyperglycemia (fast glucose) and anemia. ConclusionsThe prevalence of CKD in inpatients with cerebrovascular diseases was 47.7% in Shanghai. It is significant to evaluate CKD among patients with cerebrovascular diseases, especially to use the screening of ACR in the early stage.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure for rad-ical nephrectomy. Methods The clinical data of 140 cases underwent retroperitoneal aparoscopic radical nephrec-tomy from August 2013 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them ,87 cases were controlled by procedure for radical nephrectomy ,53 cases were treated with Non-procedural for radical nephrectomy. The peri-operative information parameters of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results All of the 140 cases were operated under laparoscopy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the basic condition and tumor location(P>0.05). Retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure in the operation time ,intraoperative bleed-ing,peritoneal rupture rate,blood transfusion,complete tumor resection and postoperative drainage were better than non-procedural for radical nephrectomy ,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). All patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years without recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pro-cedure for radical nephrectomy is significant ,worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To investigate the expression of pseudokinase Tribbles homology 3(TRIB3)and its clinical prognostic value in Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG).Methods Western blot and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expression of TRIB3 in R0 resected Siewert type Ⅱ AEG and its corresponding adjacent tissues,and analyze its rela-tionship with clinical parameters,survival and prognosis.Results Western blot analysis showed that the expression level of TRIB3 in Siewert type Ⅱ AEG tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues(P<0.05).The immunohistochemical Results showed that the positive expression rate of TRIB3 in cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues(P<0.01).The expression of TRIB3 was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation,clinical TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05),but not with age,gender and pathological morphology(P>0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the long-term survival of patients with positive TRIB3 expression was significantly better than that of patients with negative TRIB3 expression(P<0.01).Univariate(HR =0.290,95%CI:0.110-0.761,P =0.012)and multivariate(HR =0.179,95%CI:0.051-0.630,P = 0.007)COX regression analysis showed that TRIB3 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for patients with Siewert type ⅡAEG(P<0.05).Conclusion TRIB3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of Siewert typeⅡ AEG.It is expected to be-come a new target for early diagnosis and treatment of AEG,and can be used as an important indicator for judging the prognosis of patients.

The differences in intracellular and extracellular protein expressions between human prostate cancer fines LNCap and DU145 were examined. The proteins of the two cell lines were extracted and condensed by using protein extraction kits. And the intracellular and extracellular proteins were quantitatively detected on a micro-plate reader by using bicinchoninie acid (BCA) method. The proteins in cell culture fluid were qualitatively assayed by SELDI-TOF-MS. The results showed that the intracellular protein contents of LNCap cells were extremely higher than those of DU145 cells. After serum-free culture, both intracellular and extracellular protein contents of LNCap and DU145 were decreased to some extent. And the intracellular proteins were decreased by 5% in LNCap and by 36% in DU145 respectively, while the extracellular proteins were decreased by 89% in LNCap and 96% in DU145 respectively. SELDI assay revealed that there were 5 marker proteins in LNCap and 6 in DU145. Although both LNCap and DU145 cell lines originated from human prostate cancer, they had some differences in protein expression.

Objective:To assess the antibody persistence 3-5 years following vaccination of measles and rubella combined live-attenuated vaccine (MR) at 8 months of age and measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) at 18 months of age.Methods:In 2016, 18-month-old children who were vaccinated with one dose of MR vaccine at the age of 8 months were recruited in Hebei Province as group 1; 4-, 5- and 6-year-old children who were vaccinated with one dose of MR vaccine at the age of 8 months and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age were recruited in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Beijing as group 2, group 3 and group 4, respectively. Serum samples were collected to detect IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella by ELISA. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies were compared among groups by analysis of variance or non-parametric test. Seropositive rates were compared among groups by Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 650 children were included in this study. Seropositive rates of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies 30 d after vaccination of 150 18-month-old children with one dose of MMR vaccine were 100%, 91.33% and 100%, respectively, and the GMCs were 1 846.87 mIU/ml, 299.91 IU/ml and 111.33 IU/ml, respectively. Seropositive rates of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies 3-5 years after vaccination one dose of MR vaccine at 8 months of age and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age were above 94%, 79% and 71%, respectively, and the GMCs were above 830 mIU/ml, 240 IU/ml and 31 IU/ml. No significant difference in the seropositive rates of the three antibodies was observed among groups 2, 3 and 4 ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the GMCs of measles or mumps antibodies among the three groups ( P>0.05), but the differences in the GMCs of rubella antibodies were statistically significant ( P=0.034). Conclusions:Measles, mumps and rubella antibodies persisted for 3-5 years without significant decrease after vaccination one dose of MR vaccine at 8 months of age and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age.