Patients are exposed to both the internal radiation from radiopharmaceutical and the external radiation from the X-rays during PET/CT examination. Estimating patients′ radiation dose from whole body PET/CT examination could eliminate their apprehension and give clinical physicians guidance about whether the patients need to perform PET/CT examination. The calculation methods, influencing factors, cancer risk of PET/CT imaging and how to reduce the radiation dose are reviewed in this paper.

The clinical application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in thyroid tumor is primarily for restaging of patients with DTC but having a negative 131i whole-body scan in the presence of elevated serum Tg and TgAb levels.In parallel with the accumulation of clinical experience and increasing clinical utilization of 18F-FDG PET/CT,the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in thyroid tumors is also broadened.This review aims at updating the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in different types of thyroid tumors.

Hepatic vein hemorrhage and air embolism are easily caused during the resection of the tumor involving the second hepatic hilum.Hepatic vein occlusion has been proven to decrease this risk,while classic selective hepatic vein occlusion with tourniquet is technique demanding.We modified the classic method by using Satinsky clamp in hepatic vein dissection and occlusion.Based on the clinical data of 220 patients who received hepatic vein occlusion with tourniquet and 330 patients with Satinsky clamp,we proved that hepatic vein occlusion with Satinsky clamp is simpler,safer and with high success rate.

0 05).There wasn't side reaction in YXL.Conclusion YXL has better effect of antiepilepsia and resuming consciousness.

Objective To investigate relationship between atrial septal thickness and atrial function by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods TEE and automatic bound detection (ABD) were performed in 83 consecutive sinus rhythm subjects including four groups: control group, nonrheumatic heart disease group, rheumatic mild mitral stenosis group and rheumatic severe mitral stenosis group. Results Atrial septal thickness(AST)and atrial septal thickness fraction (ASTF) were different in various heart diseases. There was high correlation respectively between left atrial diameter(LAD) and AST(r= -0.601 8 ,P

Objective To analysis the correlation of the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies in female infertility and threatened a-bortion.Methods Selected 547 patients with female infertility,229 patietns with threatened abortion,229 patietns with ir-regular menses and 31 normal female between August 2013 to January 2014.All the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)were detected by ELISA.Detected the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)of 114 patients who treated with aspirin and prednisone combined with gamma globulin.Results The positive rate of anti-β2GP1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)of female infertility,threatened abortion,irregular menses and normal female were 0.36%,0.43%,1.6%,0% and 20.29%, 19.21%,8.3% and 3.2%,respectively.The positive rate of aβ2GP1-IgM of female infertility,threatened abortion,irregular menses were higher than normal female.The anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated female infertility were 47.14± 34.85 RU/ml and 31.14±27.64 RU/ml,respectively.The anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated threatened abortion were 37.75±31.20 RU/ml and 24.34±24.48 RU/ml,respectively.The levels of anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated patietns were significantly lower than before.Conclusion There was a close relationship between anti-β2GP1-IgM antibodies and female infertility and threatened abortion,anti-β2GP1-IgM antibodies maybe one of the immune factors for female infertility and threatened abortion.

Objective To study the clinical type and features of cerebral watershed infarction (CWI)in eldedy patients and its relationship with plasma lysophosphatidic acid(LPA).Method Analyzed the clinical data of 106 cases of CWI patients(CWI group)confirmed by cranial MRI,and compared plasma LPA levels in patients with different types of CWI,non-CWI patients(non-CWI group,36 cases)and healthy controls(control group,32 cases).Results In CWI group,anterior-cortex type 22 cases,LPA(4.93±0.72)μmol/L,posterior-cortex type 17 cases,LPA(4.75±0.81)μmoi/L,subcortical type 47 cases,LPA (5.46±1.03)μmol/L,mixed type 20 cages,LPA(6.02±1.12)μmol/L.In non-CWIgroup,LPA(5.37±1.24)μmol/L.In control group,LPA(2.92 ±0.36)μmol/L.The levels of LPA significandy increased in various types of CWI(P<0.05 or<0.01).of which mixed type and subcortical type were the highest,and the level of LPA in mixed type WaS higher than that in anterior-cortex type and posterior-cortex type(P<0.05).The level of LPA in non-CWI group was higher than that in control group,but there wss no significant difference compared with various types of CWI.Conclusions Subcortical type is the primal type in elderly CWI patients,the main cause of which is the atherosclerotic plaque formation and lumen stenosis.Platelet activation and its microemboli play an important role in the pathophysiology.LPA levels are significantly higher in various types of CWI,of which mixed type is the highest.LPA can be used as an important molecular marker to guide the sub-type treatment of CWI in elderly patients.

Minocycline is the second generation semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotics.A variety of animal models and clinical trials have shown that it has neuroprotective effect.Its mechanism is associated with inhibiting apoptosis, alleviating inflammatory reaction, reducing infarct volume, and alleviating vascular injury.This article reviews the neuroprotective effect of minocycline in preclinical phase and early clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke.

Total caudate lobectomy via anterior hepatic transection is still a new technique to resect the tumor in the caudate lobe,which is mastered only by few surgeons.The procedure was successfully performed on a 21-year old patient with focal nodular hyperplasia in caudate lobe.The right and left lobes were first mobilized,then the short hepatic veins were dissected to detach the caudate lobe from the retrohepatic vena cava.Then the liver was split anteriorly and the partial middle lobe was resected.With this process,the tumor was in the sight and we dissected it from the liver parenchyma.The inflow blood was occluded 3 times with a period of 29,27 and 27 minutes,respectively,with an interval of 5 minutes.The total blood loss during operation was 1000 ml.The patient recovered quickly without any complications.The technique for caudate lobectomy via anterior hepatic transection can improve the success rate and safety of caudate lobectomy and deserve clinical consideration.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of prescription Zu Zhong 1 Hao (a traditional Chinese medical prescription, including Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Arisaema cure Bile, Rhizoma pinelliae, the seed of Prunus persiea , Angelica sinensis , Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Paeonia lactiflora , and Pueraria ,etc) pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, ischemia-reperfusion, flunarizine and prescription Zu Zhong 1 Hao low-, medium-and high-dose groups (n=10 in each group). A rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was induced by suture method (ischemia for 3 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours). Nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the nitrate reductase method; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was assessed by the xanthine oxidase method; maiondialde-hyde (MDA) was determined by the thiobarbiturie acid method; and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α) was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Prescription Zu Zhong 1 Hao significantly improved neurological deficits in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, reduced the content of NO and MDA in brain tissue, increased SOD activity, and down-regulated the expression of TNF-α. Among them, the role of the high-dose group was more significant (P<0. 01). There were also significant differences between the low-and medium-dose groups and the ischemia-reperfusion group (P<0. 05). Conclusions The pretreatment of prescription Zu Zhong 1 Hao has the protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its mechanism may be associated with the decreased content of NO and MDA in brain tissue, increased SOD activity, and down-regulated TNF-α expression.