Patients are exposed to both the internal radiation from radiopharmaceutical and the external radiation from the X-rays during PET/CT examination. Estimating patients′ radiation dose from whole body PET/CT examination could eliminate their apprehension and give clinical physicians guidance about whether the patients need to perform PET/CT examination. The calculation methods, influencing factors, cancer risk of PET/CT imaging and how to reduce the radiation dose are reviewed in this paper.

The clinical application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in thyroid tumor is primarily for restaging of patients with DTC but having a negative 131i whole-body scan in the presence of elevated serum Tg and TgAb levels.In parallel with the accumulation of clinical experience and increasing clinical utilization of 18F-FDG PET/CT,the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in thyroid tumors is also broadened.This review aims at updating the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in different types of thyroid tumors.

0 05).There wasn't side reaction in YXL.Conclusion YXL has better effect of antiepilepsia and resuming consciousness.

Objective To investigate relationship between atrial septal thickness and atrial function by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods TEE and automatic bound detection (ABD) were performed in 83 consecutive sinus rhythm subjects including four groups: control group, nonrheumatic heart disease group, rheumatic mild mitral stenosis group and rheumatic severe mitral stenosis group. Results Atrial septal thickness(AST)and atrial septal thickness fraction (ASTF) were different in various heart diseases. There was high correlation respectively between left atrial diameter(LAD) and AST(r= -0.601 8 ,P

Objective To analysis the correlation of the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies in female infertility and threatened a-bortion.Methods Selected 547 patients with female infertility,229 patietns with threatened abortion,229 patietns with ir-regular menses and 31 normal female between August 2013 to January 2014.All the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)were detected by ELISA.Detected the anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)of 114 patients who treated with aspirin and prednisone combined with gamma globulin.Results The positive rate of anti-β2GP1 antibodies (Ig-G/Ig-M)of female infertility,threatened abortion,irregular menses and normal female were 0.36%,0.43%,1.6%,0% and 20.29%, 19.21%,8.3% and 3.2%,respectively.The positive rate of aβ2GP1-IgM of female infertility,threatened abortion,irregular menses were higher than normal female.The anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated female infertility were 47.14± 34.85 RU/ml and 31.14±27.64 RU/ml,respectively.The anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated threatened abortion were 37.75±31.20 RU/ml and 24.34±24.48 RU/ml,respectively.The levels of anti-β2GP1-IgM of the treated patietns were significantly lower than before.Conclusion There was a close relationship between anti-β2GP1-IgM antibodies and female infertility and threatened abortion,anti-β2GP1-IgM antibodies maybe one of the immune factors for female infertility and threatened abortion.

Hepatic vein hemorrhage and air embolism are easily caused during the resection of the tumor involving the second hepatic hilum.Hepatic vein occlusion has been proven to decrease this risk,while classic selective hepatic vein occlusion with tourniquet is technique demanding.We modified the classic method by using Satinsky clamp in hepatic vein dissection and occlusion.Based on the clinical data of 220 patients who received hepatic vein occlusion with tourniquet and 330 patients with Satinsky clamp,we proved that hepatic vein occlusion with Satinsky clamp is simpler,safer and with high success rate.

Objective To study the clinical type and features of cerebral watershed infarction (CWI)in eldedy patients and its relationship with plasma lysophosphatidic acid(LPA).Method Analyzed the clinical data of 106 cases of CWI patients(CWI group)confirmed by cranial MRI,and compared plasma LPA levels in patients with different types of CWI,non-CWI patients(non-CWI group,36 cases)and healthy controls(control group,32 cases).Results In CWI group,anterior-cortex type 22 cases,LPA(4.93±0.72)μmol/L,posterior-cortex type 17 cases,LPA(4.75±0.81)μmoi/L,subcortical type 47 cases,LPA (5.46±1.03)μmol/L,mixed type 20 cages,LPA(6.02±1.12)μmol/L.In non-CWIgroup,LPA(5.37±1.24)μmol/L.In control group,LPA(2.92 ±0.36)μmol/L.The levels of LPA significandy increased in various types of CWI(P<0.05 or<0.01).of which mixed type and subcortical type were the highest,and the level of LPA in mixed type WaS higher than that in anterior-cortex type and posterior-cortex type(P<0.05).The level of LPA in non-CWI group was higher than that in control group,but there wss no significant difference compared with various types of CWI.Conclusions Subcortical type is the primal type in elderly CWI patients,the main cause of which is the atherosclerotic plaque formation and lumen stenosis.Platelet activation and its microemboli play an important role in the pathophysiology.LPA levels are significantly higher in various types of CWI,of which mixed type is the highest.LPA can be used as an important molecular marker to guide the sub-type treatment of CWI in elderly patients.

Objective:To establish and validate a malignant risk prediction model of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) with pulmonary fibrosis in long-term smokers based on 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. Methods:PET/CT images of 222 SPNs combined with pulmonary fibrosis which were shown in integrated CT scan in 169 patients (all males; age 68(63, 75) years) were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were examined in PET/CT Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2011 to December 2019 and all had definite smoking history. The benign and malignant nodules were judged according to the pathological diagnosis or follow-up imaging data of lung lesions (follow-up≥2 years). The clinical characteristics (age, smoking index), morphological characteristics (longest diameter of lesion, density, location, distribution, relative position of fibrosis, spiculation, lobulation, calcification, vacuole, vascular convergence, pleural indentation, emphysema and severity of bilateral pulmonary fibrosis) and metabolic characteristics (maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max)) of the benign and malignant lesions were analyzed by χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test. Then multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to select independent risk factors of malignant nodules, and a risk prediction model was established and verified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and k-fold cross validation ( k=10) respectively. Results:Among 169 patients, 222 SPNs were detected (157 malignant nodules, 65 benign nodules). Univariate analysis showed that smoking index, speculation, lobulation, vascular convergence sign, calcification, emphysema, nodule size, relative position of nodule and fibrosis, SUV max and severity of bilateral pulmonary fibrosis were significantly different between the benign and malignant nodules ( z values: 2.514-9.858, χ2 values: 4.353-18.442, all P<0.05). Result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that calcification, vascular convergence and SUV max were the independent risk factors of malignant nodules combined with pulmonary fibrosis (odds ratio ( OR): 0.048-2.534, all P<0.05). The risk prediction model was as follow: P=1/(1+ e - x), x=-1.839-3.033×calcification+ 0.930×vascular convergence+ 0.754×SUV max(with calcification/vascular convergence=1, without calcification/vascular convergence=0). The area under ROC curve was 0.932(95% CI: 0.895-0.969), and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 87.9% and 86.2%, respectively. Results of k-fold cross validation showed that the prediction accuracy of 10 test sets was 0.847±0.075, and was 0.862±0.010 in training sets. Conclusions:Calcification, vascular convergence and SUV max are independent risk factors of malignant SPNs combined with pulmonary fibrosis in long-term asymptomatic smokers. The model based on the above variables presents high diagnostic efficiency in diagnosing malignant SPNs.

Minocycline is the second generation semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotics.A variety of animal models and clinical trials have shown that it has neuroprotective effect.Its mechanism is associated with inhibiting apoptosis, alleviating inflammatory reaction, reducing infarct volume, and alleviating vascular injury.This article reviews the neuroprotective effect of minocycline in preclinical phase and early clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the eye lens dose to the operators who tended to test the quality control of positron emission tomography (PET).Methods Before encapsulation and in preparation of point source,line source 1 and line source 2,the two operators were worn with lens thermoluminescence dosimeter each at the left of the left eye,the front of the left eye,between the right eye and the left eye,the left of the right eye,and the front of the right eye.Measurement and analysis were made of the radiation doses to eye lens received by the operators in order to calculate their maximum annual doses.Results The maximum lens dose was 2 439.80 μSv for the test of 5 PETs.There appears to be the same trend in the eye lens doses for the first and second operators.(x2 =15.629-16.155,P ＜ 0.05).The first operator have received higher eye lens dose higher than the second(Z =2.611,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The dose to the eye lens for a single PET test is relatively low.