Objective　To study the relationship between cell apoptosis and vascular disease.Methods　The paper reviewed the concept, character, gene control and signal transduction of apoptosis associated with vascular disease.Results　Cytokine, radiation could induce apoptosis of endothelial cells, and caused vascular damage.The apoptosis of smooth muscle cells was related to the atherosclerosis and restenosis of vessels.Conclusion　Cells apoptosis is related to vascular disease significantly.

Objective To explore the relationship among plasma cytokines’ level, adhesion molecules expression and skin damage in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of lower extremities.Methods In 32 patients with CVI and 8 normal individuals as control, blood TNF ?, IL 1? and IL 2R were assayed with ELISA method; serum endothelial cell intercellular adhesion molecule 1(EC ICAM 1), polymorphonuclear CD 18 (PMN CD 18 ) and polymorphonuclear CD 11b (PMN CD 11b ) were assayed with immunohistochemical method; and ultrastructure of diseased veins was examined by electroscope.Results The results showed that the level of plasma TNF ? and IL 1? increased remarkably in Class 2-3 compared with Class 1 and control ( P 0.05) . The index of EC ICAM 1 and PMN CD 11b positively expression increased remarkably in Class 2-3 compared with that in Class 1 and control. The index of PMN CD 18 expression in Class 2-3 and Class 1 was greatly higher than that in control ( P

Objective:To clarify the relationship between postoperative tumor recurrence and the type and dosage of immunosuppressants in patients undergoing liver transplantation.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent liver transplantation for liver cancer from September 2007 to January 2019 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. According to whether there was tumor recurrence after liver transplantation, the patients were divided into the case group and the control group. The etiology, alpha-fetoprotein level, Child-Pugh score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and cancer nodules, number of tumors, diameter of largest cancer nodule, microvascular infiltration (MVI), large vessel infiltration, Edmondson grade of tumor differentiation, postoperative immunosuppression regimen, and blood trough concentration of tacrolimus or cyclosporine were compared between the two groups. The effects of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) exposure in groups of patients on tumor recurrence were compared, and statistically significant factors were included in the Cox regression analysis. Using the BCLC staging standard of liver cancer, all the subjects were stratified, and the influence of CNI exposure on tumor recurrence was further analyzed.Results:This study included 50 patients. There were 15 patients in the case group, aged (45.8±8.2) years, with 13 males (86.7%). There were 35 patients in the control group, aged (45.4±12.0) years, 31 males (88.6%). The diameter of the largest cancer nodule in the case group was significantly larger than that in the control group [(5.9±3.0) cm vs (3.5±1.8) cm, P<0.05]. The tacrolimus exposure levels in the case group at 14 d after operation were significantly higher than the control group[(11.7±7.7)ng/ml vs (5.9±3.0)ng/ml, t=2.48], 1 month after operation [(12.2±4.5) ng/ml vs (7.8±4.3) ng/ml, t=2.82], 9 months after operation [(6.9±4.0) ng/ml to (4.7±2.0) ng/ml, t=2.21] and the area under the curve at 1 year after operation [(100.1±21.1) vs (74.4±19.2), t=3.66], all P<0.05. Survival analysis showed that the cumulative tumor-free survival rate of the CNI high-exposure group was significantly lower than that of the CNI low-exposure group (52.2% vs 85.2%, χ 2=6.52, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the largest cancer nodule diameter ( RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.60) and high CNI exposure ( RR=4.02, 95% CI: 1.10-14.74) were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation. Stratified analysis showed that of the 17 patients with BCLC stage B, 6 patients (66.7%) with high CNI exposure developed tumor recurrence, while only 1 patient (12.5%) with low CNI exposure developed tumor recurrence. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the cumulative tumor-free survival rate of patients with CNI high-exposure was significantly lower than that of patients with CNI low-exposure (33.3% vs 87.5%, χ 2=5.74, P<0.05). Of the 8 patients with BCLC stage C, 4 patients developed tumor recurrence with CNI high-exposure (100.0%). There was no tumor recurrence in patients with low CNI exposure. The difference between groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the cumulative tumor-free survival rate of patients with high CNI exposure was significantly lower than that of low CNI exposure (0 vs 100.0%, χ 2=6.80, P<0.05). Conclusions:Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation was not significantly related to the type of immunosuppressant used. High CNI exposure was a risk factor for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation.

Objective To discuss the endothelial cell which was modified by exogenous anticoagulant genes contribute to the increase of antithrombosis activity of lined vascular prosthesis and the influence to other physiological functions of endothelial cells. Methods This summarized paper was made on literature review of recent years.Results The transfection of genes, including plasminogen activator (t-PA, u-PA, Urokinase), thrombomoduline (TM) and hirudin, etc, to endothelial cells resulted in not only the increase of antithrombosis activity of local vascular, but also the decrease of endothelial cell function in adherence and proliferation.Conclusion The increase of antithrombosis activity of lined vascular prosthesis has been done by exogenous genes. However, this technique ought to be studied, intensively.

Objective To observe insulin resistance in first-degree relatives of patients with Graves disease. Methods All subjects in control group and experiment group including first-degree relatives of GD patients underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin releasing tests then the degree of insulin resistance was analyzed. Results Blood glucose at each point of OGTT, insulin level and insulin resistance index 1 (HOMA-IR) of experiment group were higher than those in control group, while insulin activity index (IAI) and HOMA-βwere significantly lower than those in control group. Conclusion Patients insulin resistance could be found among first-degree relatives of GD patients.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 7 active constituents in Tangshen qing-du granule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of SHIMADZU Inert Sustain C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength was 327 nm for chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid,280 nm for baicalin,228 nm for arctiin and 276 nm for wogonoside,baicalein and wogonin,column temperature was 35℃,and injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear range was 4.830-154.6 μg/mL for chlorogenic acid and(r=0.9998),0.750-24.1 μg/mL for caffeic acid(r=0.9997),22.859-731.5 μg/mL for baicalin(r=0.9997),8.491-271.7 μg/mL for arctiin(r=0.9993),2.471-79.0μg/mL for wogonoside(r=0.9996),6.656-213.0 μg/mL for baicalein(r=0.9994) and 2.756-88.2 μg/mL for wogonin (r=0.9998);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%,recoveries were 96.86%-100.82%(RSD=1.46%,n=6),98.79%-101.09%(RSD=0.93%,n=6),97.57%-101.51%(RSD=1.37%,n=6),97.76%-99.63%(RSD=0.77%,n=6),97.99%-100.12%(RSD=0.76%,n=6),96.54%-101.07%(RSD=1.87%,n=6) and 96.60%-99.59%(RSD=1.14%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibilty,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of 7 active constituents in Tangshen qingdu granule.

Objective To investigate the irradiating effect of low intensive microwave(LIM) on pathological process of blood vessel restenosis(RS) and assess the probability of LIM irradiation to prevent was used RS.(Methods Forty-four) male healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups.Fogarty catheter traumatize to the tunica intima of iliac artery so as to establish RS models.Two thousand four hundred and fifty MHz microwave with different power of 2,5 and 10 mW/cm~2 was used,locally to irradiate EIA in irradiating group(1 h/d).Specimens were obtained at different time of 3,7,14 and 28 d after operation.Morphological changes of tissues were observed with HE and EF staining and the area of tunica intima,tunica media and the rate of cavity stenosis were analyzed with image analysis system;apoptosis was detected with TUNEL;phenotype and microstructure of VSMC were observed with TEM.Results After microwave irradiating,inflammatory reaction in early period was suppressed,mural thrombus decreased,the proliferation and migration of VSMC depressed,the area of tunica intima and the rate of cavity stenosis obviously reduced comparing with the control group(P0.05).At other different time,however,the rate of apoptosis cells in irradiating groups obviously increased than that of the control group(P

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis(DVT) of lower extremity. Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with DVT were analysed retrospectively. ResultsThe diagnosis rate of DVT by vascular color ultrasounography was 97.8%, by MVC/SVO ratio combi ned with air plethysmagraphy was 97.2%, and by ECT was 100%. The MVO/SVC ratio, and diameter of calf and thigh in surgery group and in non surgery group showed significant difference in 7 days after operation (P

Thirty two upper limbs of 16 adult fresh cadavers were studied.Suspension ofbarium sulfate in red latex were injected prior to medial arm flap dissection.Thearm flaps were observed and measured under the magnifying spectacles(3X),and X-ray photographs were taken.The main results obtained are summarized as follows:1.In 30 specimens,there are 386 branches arising from the brachial artery——pure cutaneous branches(67,17.36?1.93%),pure muscular and myocutaneous branches(186,48.182?2.54%)and mixed branches(133,34.46?2.42%).2.The brachial profundal artery arises from the brachial artery about 2 to 3cm.below the lower margin of pectoralis major.The caliber of the artery is 2.22?0.14mm.It supplies the triceps brachii and the skin of medial and dorsal surfaceof the upper part of arm.3.The superior ulnar collateral artery arises from the brachial artery about 6cm,below the lower margin of the pectoralis major.The caliber of the artery is1.71?0.08mm.It supplies the long and medial head of Triceps Brachii and the skinof middle and lower part of arm.It is a main artery of medial arm flap.4.The inferior ulnar collateral artery arises from the brachial artery about 18cm,below the lower margin of pectoralis major.The caliber of the artery is 1.50?0.07mm.5.The myocutaneous artery of biceps brachii arises from the brachial arteryabout 8cm,below the lower margin of pectoralis major.The caliber of the artery is1.63?0.13mm.It gives off a larger cutaneous artery.6.An abundance of anastomoses is formed by these cutaneous arteries and arich network of arteries may be seen.The caliber of some of the cutaneous arteries isabove 1mm.7.The venous drainage consisted of venae comitants.The medial arm flap is generally thin,soft and non-hair-bearing,the caliberand length of the pedicles of the arteries are large enough for microsurgical vasoanas-tomosis.It is a suitable donor site for free transfer of skin flap and the optimaldimension is 8?20cm.

AIM: To provide experimental evidence for gene therapy of thrombophilia disease, we constructed the eukaryotic expression plasmid with human thrombomodulin (hTM) gene and observed the alteration of hTM expression on the surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with and without the reconstructive plasmid. METHODS: The whole expressive fragment of hTM gene was amplified by PCR from human genome. Both hTM gene and pcDNA3.1(+)/neo empty vector was digested by HindⅢ and EcoRⅠ. Two digested fragments were ligated into pcDNA3.1/hTM with T_4DNA ligase. After identifying, the reconstructive plasmid transfected into HUVECs using lipofectin. The hTM antigen on the HUVECs was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The hTM reconstructive plasmid was confirmed by double endonuclease redigesting and sequencing. About 10% HUVECs were transfected by pcDNA3.1/hTM plasmid with lipofectin and the high-level hTM was detected on the transfected cells. CONCLUSION: We constructed the pcDNA3.1/hTM plasmid successfully, and it could be expressed on the HUVECs. [