Objective To observe safety of intravitreal injection of mouse nerve growth factor and its distribution in retina in rabbits .Methods The behavioral observation ,slit lamp examination ,fundus examination ,eye B ultrasonic and histopathological ex‐amination were carried out on 1 ,7 and 30 d after intravitreal injection 30 μg/100 μL mNGF to determine the safety in eye .The dis‐tribution and peak time in retina were investigated at 15 ,30 min ,1 ,3 ,6 ,8 ,12 ,24 ,48 h after intravitreal injection 125 I‐NGF 30 μg/100 μL .Results No abnormal changes were found in their cornea ,lens ,vitreous body and retina after mNGF intravitreal injection . And the each layer of retinal cells layout were regular according to the result of morphological observation on 30 days after treat‐ment .The peak concentration of mNGF in retina and the highest in whole eye was (118 .32 ± 18 .74)% ID/g and the peak time was at 3 hour after injection .Conclusion It is safe for intravitreal injection of mNGF and mNGF could gather in retina quickly after in‐travitreal injection .

Objective To investigate the electrophysiological properties of neurons in visual cortex of binocular form-deprivated rats during the developmental stages and to explore the synaptic and cellular mechanisms of plasticity in the visual cortex. Methods Whole cell patch clamp technique was applied to the visual cortex slices prepared from 61 Wistar rats of both genders, which were divided into two groups; control group and binocular form-deprivation (BFD) group. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and long term potentiation (LTP) of the neurons were recorded. Results (1) The percentage of silent response in BFD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P

Objective To explore the electrophysiological properties and the disparity of visual cortical neurons in developing rats. Methods Whole cell patch clamp recording and intracellular labeling of brain slices were performed on rats at postnatal 14 and 28 days. The electrophysiological data were analyzed according to the cellular input resistance and resting membrane potential. Results When the input impedance of visual cortical neurons(IR) was lower, increased peak value of postsynaptic currents(PSCs), prolonged rise and decay time were found. At postnatal 14th day(before eyes opened), the intermediate cells and mature cells were 59.2% and 14.9% respectively, but at postnatal 28th day(14 days after eyes opened), the mature cells and immature cells were 62.5% and 12.5% respectively. Conclusion During the period of postnatal development, the visual cortical neurons become mature gradually, but maturation is not completely correlated with age.

Objective To select the optimal registration method for on-line kilovoltage cone-beam CT (KVCBCT) guided lung cancer radiation and evaluate the reproducibility of the selected method. MethodsSixteen patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled into this study.A total of 96 pre treatment KVCBCT images from the 16 patients were available for the analysis.Image registration methods were bone-based automatic registration,gray-based automatic registration,manual registration and semi-auto matic registration.All registrations were accomplished by one physician.Another physician blindly evaluated the results of each registration,then selected the optimal registration method and evaluated its reproducibili ty.Results The average score of the bone-based automatic registration,gray-based automatic registration, manual registration and semi-automatic registration methods was 2.4,2.7,3.0 and 3.7,respectively.The score of the four different groups had statistics significant difference (F = 42.20,P < 0.001).Using the semi-automatic registration method,the probability of the difference between two registration results more than 3 ram in the left-right,superior-inferior,and anterior-posterior directions was 0,3% and 6% by the same physician,0,14% and 0 by different physicians,and 8%,14% and 8% by physician and radiation therapist.Conclusions Semi-automatic registration method,possessing the highest score and accepted re producibility,is appropriate for KVCBCT guided lung cancer radiation.

Objective To explore the variation in the gene mutation patterns and risk factors of HBV polymerase region (P) in chronic viral hepatitis (CHB) patients with nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods A total of 108 chronic hepatitis B patients with viral breakthrough after the treatment of nucleoside analogues were selected as the study subjects.The PCR product direct sequencing method was used to analyze the genetic variation of HBV P region.Results Among 108 cases,69 cases were detected by gene drug resistance,and the mutation type amount to 12,among which rtM204I was the most common (30.4％),and the second was rtL180M/rtM204I combined mutation (13％).The proportion of the major nucleoside analogues resistance highest proportion of lamivudine was 62.3％,followed by adefovir dipivoxil (21.7％) and telbivudine (15.9％).There were 33 cases with a single site mutation,29 cases with two sites mutation and 7 cases with three and above sites mutation.In the 7 cases,1 case was treated with lamivudine,1 case with entecavir,and the remaining 5 cases with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.Conclusion The amino acid of HBV P gene resistant mutation is complex and varied,and rtM204V/I mutation is the most common type.Three and above sites mutation is associated with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.

Objective To explore the variation in the gene mutation patterns and risk factors of HBV polymerase region (P) in chronic viral hepatitis (CHB) patients with nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods A total of 108 chronic hepatitis B patients with viral breakthrough after the treatment of nucleoside analogues were selected as the study subjects.The PCR product direct sequencing method was used to analyze the genetic variation of HBV P region.Results Among 108 cases,69 cases were detected by gene drug resistance,and the mutation type amount to 12,among which rtM204I was the most common (30.4％),and the second was rtL180M/rtM204I combined mutation (13％).The proportion of the major nucleoside analogues resistance highest proportion of lamivudine was 62.3％,followed by adefovir dipivoxil (21.7％) and telbivudine (15.9％).There were 33 cases with a single site mutation,29 cases with two sites mutation and 7 cases with three and above sites mutation.In the 7 cases,1 case was treated with lamivudine,1 case with entecavir,and the remaining 5 cases with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.Conclusion The amino acid of HBV P gene resistant mutation is complex and varied,and rtM204V/I mutation is the most common type.Three and above sites mutation is associated with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.

OBJECTIVEA systematic review of literature was performed to compare various visual function parameters including the final visual acuity outcome and/or adverse events between corneal refractive surgery (CLRS) and phakic intraocular lens implantation (p-IOLi) in the treatment of refractive amblyopic children.

DATA SOURCESTwo reviewers independently searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Controlled Trials Register databases for publications from 1991 to 2013.

STUDY SELECTIONThere were 25 articles, including 597 patients and 682 eyes, was included in CLRS group. Among them, 21 articles reported the use of CLRS in the treatment of myopic anisometropia for 318 patients (13 photorefractive keratectomy or laser epithelial keratomileusis and eight laser in situ keratomileusis). And 11 articles had the results of CLRS in treating hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia children. Eleven articles reported the effect of p-IOLi for treating high myopia or anisometropic amblyopia, including 61 patients (75 eyes). Age, pre- and postoperation best-corrected vision acuity (BCVA), and spherical equivalent (SE) were compared in CLRS and p-IOLi groups.

RESULTSThe average age of CLRS group and p-IOLi group has no statistically significant difference. The SE in CLRS group for myopic anisometropia amblyopia patients was (-10.13 ± 2.73) diopters (D) and for hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia patients was (5.58 ± 1.28) D. In p-IOLi group the SE was (-14.01 ± 1.93) D. BCVA was improved significantly in both groups, and even better in p-IOLi group. Refractive errors were corrected in both groups, but there was no clinically significant difference in final SE between each group. More than one-half of the children had improved binocular fusion and stereopsis function in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSBoth CLRS group and p-IOLi group showed their advantage in treating refractive amblyopia in children. In comparing p-IOLi with CLRS for treatment of refractive amblyopia, no statistically significant difference in final BCVA was observed.

Amblyopia ; etiology ; surgery ; therapy ; Anisometropia ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Myopia ; complications

The rapid screening of tumor markers is a challenging task for early diagnosis of cancer. This study aims to use highly sensitive chemiluminescent protein microarray technology to efficiently screen a variety of low abundance tumor related markers. A new material, termed integrated polydimethylsiloxane modified silica gel (iPDMS), was obtained by adding a surface polymerization initiator with olefin end to the conventional polydimethylsiloxane, and fixing into the three-dimensional structure of polydimethylsiloxane by thermal crosslinking through silicon hydrogen bonding. In order to make the iPDMS material resistant to non-specific protein adsorption, a poly(OEGMA) polymer brush was synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization at the active initiation site. Finally, 20 tumor-related antigens were printed into the specific areas of the microarray by high-throughput spray printing technology, and assembled into 48-well detection microtiterplates of the iPDMS microarray. It was found the VEGFR and VEGF121 autoantibodies that obtained from 8 common tumors (breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, lymphoma and ovarian cancer) can be used as potential tumor markers. The chemiluminescence labeled iPDMS protein microarray can be used for the screening of tumor autoantibodies at early stage.
Adsorption ; Autoantibodies ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Protein Array Analysis ; Silica Gel ; Surface Properties