Objective To observe the distribution and concentration of ~(125)I-nerve growth factor (NG-F) in rabbits' eyes after intravitreal injection and posterior juxtascleral injection.Methods Intravitreal injection(group A) and posterior juxtascleral injection (group B) were performed with the dosage of 30μg/100μl ~(125)I-NGF on left and right eyes in 45 white rabbits respectively.The γ-counts and the concentration of ~(125)I-NGF (%ID/g) of each ocular tissue was determined 15 and 30 minutes,and 1,3,6,12,24,and 48hours after injection.Results The ~(125)I-NGF diffusion in group A was faster in ocular content and ocular inner wall.The vitreous content of ~(125)I-NGF decreased gradually in group A,the curve changes in other eye tissues were normal.The concentration of ~(125)I-NGF reached the peak 3 hours after injection in aqueous humor,iris and ciliary body,retina,and choroids,but 6 hours after injection in sclera and 8 hours in cornea.The changes of concentration of ~(125)I-NGF in group B showed normal curve change.The peak time in group B were all 6 hours,in all the tissues except aqueous humor (3 hours).Except the high concentration in vitreous body caused by intravitreal injection,the concentration of ~(125)I-NGF in retina was the highest in group A.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of ~(125)I-NGF can gain higher concentration in each ocular tissue than posterior juxtaseleral injection,especially in retina.So intravitreal injection of NGF is a better ocular delivery method to treat the ocular fundus diseases.

Objective To investigate the possibility that transplanting the full-thickness neonatal piggy retinas that are completely differentiated but immature improves the retinal function after light-induced retinal degeneration in pigs.Methods Retinas from normal Guangxi Bama pigs aged 1-6 days were used as donor tissues.Neuroretina-RPE cografts were obtained from newborn pigs by using excimer laser for microablation of choroidal tissue and transplanted into the subretinal cavity of adult Bama pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration through vitrectomy and retinotomy.On days 5-7 and in 1st to 5th month after retinal transplantation,the survival of the cografts in the recipients and whether the host retinas have rejection were observed by ophthalmoscope,colour fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography,and the amplitude and lantency of N1,P1 waves between different periods were measured by mfERG.Results The retinal transplantation was performed in 15 eyes of 8 Bama pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration.The subretinal transplantation of the cografts was performed successfully in 11 eyes,with the operation success rate of 84.6%(11/15).In host retina,the gray-black graft inside transplantation bed could be seen clearly in 1st to 2nd month after transplantation and the leaked fluorescence in transplants was checked with FFA.The vertical comparison between different periods showed the amplitude of N1,P1 waves of retinal transplants rose with the extension of the survival time,and the areas where active response was observed were ring 2 and ring 3;but the latency of N1,P1 waves was shortened significantly in each ring as compared with that before operation,especially in late survival period.Conclusion The function measurement and the observation of living body together confirm the transplantation of completely differentiated retina from newborn pigs improves the retinal function of pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab intravitreal injection combined with laser photocoagulation for di-abetic retinopathy macular edema(DME). Methods 25 DME patients (15 patients, 24 eyes in control group and 10 patients,13 eyes in treatment group) were selected from January 2013 to November 2014 in our hospital. The control group received single Krypton laser (510 nm red and 483 nm yellow) grid photocoagulation or big“C” photocoagulation, while the treatment group received bevacizumab intrav-itreal injection after Krypton laser photocoagulation. The visual acuity were checked, and the macular retinal thickness was detected by opti-cal coherence tomography ( OCT) . Results The difference in preoperative visual acuity between the two groups was not statistically signifi-cant (P>0. 05). All visual acuity improved significantly (P<0. 05) after treatment and the treatment group got a better result compared to the control group(P <0. 05). The preoperative macular retinal thickness in treatment and control groups were respectively (510. 75 ± 61. 06)μm and(487. 47 ± 43. 41)μm, and the difference between them was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). And the macular retinal thickness were respectively ( 253. 41 ± 39. 12 )μm and ( 358. 81 ± 43. 24 )μm after treatment, which were all decreased than before (P<0. 05). The macular retinal thickness of the treatment group was better than that of the treatment group after treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion Single Krypton laser photocoagulation and bevacizumab intravitreal injection combined with Krypton laser photocoagulation are all effective for DME. But treatment combined with Krypton laser photocoagulation could get significantly better postoperative visual acuity re-covery and significantly faster absorption of macular edema.

Objective To observe the mutifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) characteristics of rod and cone cells in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to evaluate the function of photosensory cell.Methods The mfERG recording technique for rod cell in eight normal subjects (eight eyes) were established and the influence of different brightness lightstimulus in P1 wave amplitude were analyzed.The cone and rod cells mfERG of 38 eyes in 19 patients were recorded and then calculated positive ratio from local signal-noise ratio.The average visual acuity and P1 wave amplitude density of cone mtERG in different types were compared and statistically analyzed.Meanwhile,the changes in P1 wave amplitude of cone and rod mfERG in four quadrants also compared and analyzed.Results Rod cell mfERG in normal subjects can be recorded stably by using blue flashes with low light intensity as 0.04 cd/m~2.In patients with RP,the cone and rod cells mfERG can he detectd 65.790./00 and 10.51% respectively.P1 wave amplitude density in type I of cone cell mfERG was significantly higher than that in type Ⅱ (t=5.21,P=0.000).There were no differences in average visual acuity (t=1.15,P=0.612).P1 wave amplitude density in type Ⅰ was negatively related to IogMAR visual acuity (r=-0.48,P=0.04 ).The comparison of rod and cone cells mfERG in local wave characteristics showed that P_1 wave amplitude densities had spatial relationship in each area.Conclusions The results suggested highly variable central responses in cone cell in RP patients,higher positive recorded ratio in cone cell than rod cell and spatial correspondence between the function of reserved cone and rod cells.

Objective To observe the electrophysiological and morphological features of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats, and investigate its effect on the visual signal conduction. Methods Whole cell recordings were obtained from 112 RGCs of 30 rats at the age of 7-30 days. Resting membrane potential (RMP) was recorded, and input impedance was noted after given 2 mV hyperpolarizing current by voltage clamp. The action potential (AP) was induced by deplorizing current at different densities. The histological staining was actualized by injecting with biotin into the RGCs, and the diameter of the cells was measured. Results Three different discharge patterns of RGCs in response to maintained depolarizing currents were recorded: single spike (25 RGCs), transient firing (40 RGCs), and sustained firing (47 RGCs). The diameter was 14-16 ?m in 57.14% transient firing RGCs, and 10-12 ?m in 62.50% sustained firing RGCs. The maximum frequency of AP of sustained firing RGCs was significantly higher than that of transient firing RGCs (P

Objective To explore the distribution and features of the optic cup stem cells in embryonic rat at tailbud stage. Methods The distribution of optic cup stem cells in optic cup tissue in 12.5-embryonic-day-old rats was observed by immunohistochemistry. The separated cells from optic cup were cultured with serum-free media, and immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the ability of hyperplasia of stem cells and expression of CHX10 antigen and specific antigens of mature retinal cells before and after differentiation. Results The optic cup stem cells in embryonic rat at tailbud stage were mainly located at inner, outer, and marginal layer of optic cup. No expression of specifically marked protein of mature retinal cells was detected. The cells separated from optic cup had the ability of single-cell clone, positive expression of CHX10 and expression of several specific antigens of mature retinal cells after the inducement, including Thy1.1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein kinase C (PKC) ?, and rhodopsin. Conclusion Optic cup of 12.5-embryonic-day-old rats composes of undifferentiated cells, and the stem cells are mainly located in optic cup inner and marginal. High ability of hyperplasia of the optic cup stem cells cultured in vitro is found. The cells, which are retinal stem cells, can express several specifically marked proteins of mature retinal cells after inducement and differentiation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in visual cortex of developing rat, speculate the coincided degree between electrophysiological and morphological change and realize the mechanism of normal visual development. Methods Whole cell patch-clamp recording and intracellular staining were used to acquire cellular microelectrode recording in visual cortex from Sprague-Dawley rats (4~28 days old). The histological process was made. Results The differences of electrical feature between pyramidal cells and non-pyramidal cells were significant. The morphological maturity degree is different in developing visual cortex. Conclusion The different function of pyramidal and non- pyramidal cells in local integrition is reflected by their electrical feature in the process of visual development. In critical period of visual development, the coincision degree of the electrophysiological and morphological change in visual cortex is larger than that in the subcortex constructure.

Purpose To investigate the effects of human vitreous fluid on proliferation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and vascular endothelial cell lines(VEC304). Methods Human RPE cells and VEC304 were cultured and treated in different human vitreous conditioned medium (VCM) with or without serum, vitreous volume concentrations of VCM were 1∶8, 1∶4 and 1∶2. Cells proliferation was assayed by tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry at the 2nd, 4th and 6th day respectively. Results In the presence of serum, 1∶4, 1∶2 VCM had a significantly stimulative effect on RPE cells proliferation compared with control group at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th day retrospectively ( P

Objective To describe cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells transdifferentiation and investigate the effects of human vitreous fluid on the morphologic and cytoskeleton changes of RPE cells in vitro. Methods Cytoskeleton characteristics in the 2 nd, 5 th, 8 th passage of RPE cells in normal culture, which included cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) were analyzed by Western blot. RPE cells were cultured in human vitreous-conditioned medium (VCM) at the concentration of 1∶4 for 6 days, morphologic changes were examined by light and electron microscopy, and cytoskeleton characteristics were analyzed by imunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results During culture in vitro, RPE cells lost epithelial characteristics and aquired fibroblast-like phenotype. The expression of CK18 was the highest at the 5 th passage, and it decreased in the following passage, but ?-SMA increased gradually. The morphologic transdifferentiation from epithelial to fibroblast-like cells of RPE was accelerated by VCM. Ultrastructural changes such as decreased microvilli and gradually increased rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were found during the cultivation. CK18 produced by RPE cells decreased in VMC (P

Objective To observe safety of intravitreal injection of mouse nerve growth factor and its distribution in retina in rabbits .Methods The behavioral observation ,slit lamp examination ,fundus examination ,eye B ultrasonic and histopathological ex‐amination were carried out on 1 ,7 and 30 d after intravitreal injection 30 μg/100 μL mNGF to determine the safety in eye .The dis‐tribution and peak time in retina were investigated at 15 ,30 min ,1 ,3 ,6 ,8 ,12 ,24 ,48 h after intravitreal injection 125 I‐NGF 30 μg/100 μL .Results No abnormal changes were found in their cornea ,lens ,vitreous body and retina after mNGF intravitreal injection . And the each layer of retinal cells layout were regular according to the result of morphological observation on 30 days after treat‐ment .The peak concentration of mNGF in retina and the highest in whole eye was (118 .32 ± 18 .74)% ID/g and the peak time was at 3 hour after injection .Conclusion It is safe for intravitreal injection of mNGF and mNGF could gather in retina quickly after in‐travitreal injection .