Objective To understand the current status of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nanjing,explore the associated factors with HIV infection,and provide information for the intervention in MSM.Methods Data collected in the consecutive sentinel surveillances among MSM during 2011-2015 includes MSM's social-demographic information,sexual behavior histories,access to HIV prevention services and HIV testing in the past year.The infection trend was analyzed with x2 test and the factors associated with HIV infection were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results From 2011 to 2015,712,670,656,681 and 601 MSM were surveyed respectively.The HIV infection rates were 7.4％,13.7％,9.8％,12.0％ and 12.0％ respectively,with an increasing trend (P=0.044).Syphilis prevalence rates were 9.1％,11.5％,6.0％,10.6％ and 5.8％ respectively,with a decreasing trend (P=0.042).From 2011 to 2015,the percentage of MSM who failed to consistently use condoms for anal sex in the past 6 months increased significantly from 46.4％(260/560) to 55.7％(257/461) the percentage of those having commercial sex with males increased significantly from 1.2％(8/692) to 3.0％(18/593) in 2015,while the percentage of those receiving HIV test in the past year decreased significantly from 67.7％(482/712) to 57.6％(346/ 601).Those who were aged ＞25 years,lived in Nanjing for less than 2 years,had a high school or below educational level,failed to consistently use condoms at anal sex in the past 6 months,failed to have HIV test in the past year and were infected with syphilis had higher risk for HIV infection.Conclusion Given the increasing trend of HIV infection and high risk sexual behavior in MSM in Nanjing,it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive HIV prevention and intervention through expanding HIV test coverage and promoting condom use to curb HIV epidemic in MSM.

Objective: Sex differences have been observed in many aspects of schizophrenia, including cognitive deficits. Despite extensive research into the relationship between metabolic factors and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the potential sex difference in their association. Methods: We recruited 358 schizophrenia patients and 231 healthy controls. The participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Metabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. A collection of these metabolic risk factors has been defined as metabolic syndrome. These diagnoses were based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and linear regression model were used to identify the metabolic risk factors for cognitive function in schizophrenia. Results: Our findings revealed sex differences in the rate of abdominal obesity and hypertension in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, we observed sex differences in the association between metabolic risk factors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Specifically, hyperglycemia was associated with the immediate memory index score of RBANS in male patients, while dyslipidemia was associated with language, attention, delayed memory index scores, and RBANS total score in female patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that sex should be considered when evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our study identifies hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as potential targets for precise treatment by sex stratification, which could benefit the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.