0.05),but there was significant difference between group A and group C,the rate of hypoglycemia of group A was less than group C(P

Objective To determine the impact of uric acid changes on kidney function in middle-aged and elderly women with normal renal function.Methods Serum uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) were studied by prospective cohort analysis in 1152 middle-aged and elderly Dalian women with serum uric acid<7 mg/dl, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)≥90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, and age>45 years old.Results The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of clinical indices between baseline and follow-up data showed that an eGFR was decreased after three years in both middle-aged and elderly women even with normal serum uric acid.Compared with those in the lowest guartile subgroup, a significant drop of eGFR to less than 90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 was seen in those with the highest guartile of baseline serum uric acid group (OR=1.707, 95%CI 1.192-2.443, P=0.003).Furthermore, there were positive correlations between changes in the levels of serum uric acid and eGFR, and linear regression analysis showed that, as the change level of serum uric acid increased, the change level of eGFR declined(β=1.562, 95%CI 1.050-2.075, P<0.01], and the changing degree of uric acid increase is independent risk factors refor eGFR reductions.Conclusion Reduction in eGFR level is inversely related to serum uric acid in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.However, our study showed that, women with serum uric acid level ranging from normal, slight increase, and relatively high levels, the increasing degrees of uric acid are independent risk factors responsible for the changing degree of eGFR reduction.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) in aged people at Beicai Town in Shanghai, to provide proofs for preventing OP. Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out on bone density in 608 aged people (aged from 60 to 79 years) who were randomly chosen from 4 resident committees of Beicai Town in Shanghai. Everyone underwent bone mineral density (BMD) assay of lumbar spine and total hip by DEXA machine. Results The rate of OP was 23 % in male group, and 61% in female group. It was 40% in 60-64 years old group, 44% in 65-69 years old group, 53% in 70-74 years old group and 66% in 75-79 years old group. The rate of OP was 52% in manual work group, and 42 % in non-manual work group. In males, it was 54 % in current weight less than 60 kg group, 19% in 60-70 kg group, 15% in 70-80 kg group and 23% in over 80 kg group. In females, it was 76% in current weight less than 50 kg group, 67% in 50-60 kg group, 63% in 60-70kg group, 30% in over 70 kg group. It was 56% in low body weight group, 41% in normal weight group and 58% in over weight group in their 25-year-old. It was 61% in normal body weight group, 43% in overweight group. It was 41% in non-fracture history group, 67% in once fracture group,74% in fracture history more than twice group. It was 60% in mother humpback history group, and 47% in no history of mother humpback group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age,history of fracture, mother's humpbacked history, disease of internal secretion and metabolism system were the risk factors for OP. Conclusions The occurrence of OP is related with many factors in aged people at Beicai Town in Shanghai, especially for the aged women, who suffer from diseases of internal secretion and metabolism, and has the history of fracture and mother's humpbacked, the attention should be payed to the prevention and treatment of OP.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in diagnosing biliary tract variability. Methods The accuracy of MRCP was verified by comparing the biliary tract variability found by preoperative MRCP examination with the biliary variability found during surgery. Results The accuracy of biliary tract variability by preoperative MRCP and intraoperative confirmation was 96. 7％. It turned out that the presence of biliary variability could be detected. Conclusion As a noninvasive imaging examination method, MRCP has high accuracy in the diagnosis of biliary tract variability.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neck circumference and metabolic syndrome (MS) in ≥ 40 years old community residents. Methods: A total of 5 017 Dalian community residents who participated in "the risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a longitudinal study" from July to December 2014 were selected, with 1 256 male cases and 3 761 female cases, aged ≥ 40 years old. The basic information was selected by questionnaire. The neck circumference, waist circumference (WC), body height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁c) and blood fat were measured; the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results: The age, neck circumference, WC, FPG, 2 h PG, SBP, DBP, incidence of obesity, incidence of hypertension and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in male were significantly higher than those in female: (63.5 ± 8.4) years vs. (60.8 ± 8.0) years, (38.6 ± 3.0) cm vs. (34.4 ± 2.6) cm, (92.3 ± 9.1) cm vs. (87.3 ± 9.6) cm, 5.59 (5.20, 6.42) mmol/L vs. 5.43 (5.09, 5.99) mmol/L, 7.67 (6.06, 11.08) mmol/L vs. 7.20 (5.97, 9.64) mmol/L, (135.3 ± 18.8) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (129.8 ± 19.5) mmHg, (79.8 ± 10.7) mmHg vs. (74.8 ± 10.0) mmHg, 53.0% (666/1 256) vs. 48.9% (1 841/3 761), 49.9% (627/1 256) vs. 40.6% (1 528/3 761) and 29.8% (374/1 256) vs. 22.5% (846/3 761); the total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and incidence of central obesity in male were significantly lower than those in female: (5.04 ± 0.94) mmol/L vs. (5.58 ± 1.03) mmol/L, 1.35 (0.97, 1.95) mmol/L vs. 1.45 (1.06, 2.04) mmol/L, (1.18 ± 0.27) mmol/L vs. (1.32 ± 0.29) mmol/L, (2.99 ± 0.78) mmol/L vs. (3.27 ± 0.85) mmol/L and 63.7% (800/1 256) vs. 79.7% (2 998/3 761), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05). There were no statistical differences in BMI, HbA₁c and incidence of MS between male and female (P>0.05). After adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, menopausal status (female), BMI and WC, Logistic regression analysis result showed that increased neck circumference in male increased the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.075, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.142, P = 0.019); increased neck circumference in female increased the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.143, 95% CI 1.096 to 1.192, P = 0.000), hypertension (OR = 1.112, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.156, P = 0.000), hypertriacylglyceremia (OR = 1.099, 95% CI 1.060 to 1.139, P = 0.000), low HDL-C (OR = 1.104, 95% CI 1.064 to 1.144, P = 0.000) and MS (OR = 1.167, 95% CI 1.120 to 1.217, P = 0.000). Taking neck circumference as detection variable and MS as outcome variable, the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed. In male, the area under curve was 0.733, the optimal cut-off value of neck circumference was 37.9 cm, with a sensitivity of 77.9%, and a specificity of 55.9%. In female, the area under curve was 0.720, the optimal cut-off value of neck circumference 33.3 cm, with a sensitivity of 76.7%, and a specificity of 56.0%. Conclusions Neck circumference is associated with MS in ≥ 40 years old community residents. Male neck circumference >37.9 cm and female neck circumference>33.3 cm are the optimal cut-off value for forecasting MS.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.