AIM: To investigate the function and the mechanism of transplanting bone marrow derived peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells(PBMSCs) on restenosis after carotid balloon angioplasty in the model of carotid atherosclerosis rabbits,and to determine if the functions of PBMSCs are enhanced after hypoxia preconditioning.METHODS: Bone marrow cells were mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),and PBMSCs were collected through density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture,labeled with enhancement type green fluorescent protein(EGFP) genes.All animals with carotid atherosclerosis stenosis were randomly divided into three groups: hypoxia preconditioning group(n=24,received intravenous transplantation of PBMSCs with hypoxia preconditioning),non-hypoxia preconditioning group(n=24,received normal culture of PBMSCs) and control group(n=24,only received equal-volume of culture medium).Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at 7 d,14 d and 28 d post-angioplasty,respectively.The vessel morphology,the homing of MSCs and the reendothelialization were analyzed with Weigert staining and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Compared to control group,the level of VEGF significantly increased in both hypoxia preconditioning group and non-hypoxia preconditioning group at all time points(P

OBJECTIVEThis research aimed to investigate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to explore the mechanism by which PTH promotes DO.

METHODSA rabbit mandibular DO model was established. The rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The former were subcutaneously injected with different doses of PTH on alternate days, the latter was injected with normal saline every other day. Serum OPG levels were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The OPG and RANKL expression levels in the DO-induced formation of a new bone tissue were examined through immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSThe serum OPG levels gradually increased during distraction. At the end of the stretch, the OPG expression in the experimental group was significantly stronger than that in the control group. As the fixed period was extended, the OPG expression in the new bone gradually decreased, but the RANKL expression increased.

CONCLUSIONIntermittent subcutaneous PTH injection can upregulate the OPG expression and accelerate bone metabolism. Thus, this procedure promotes the early generation of a new bone in the mandible through DO.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Mandible ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

[Objective]To analyze the clinical features and related risk factors in diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic periph?eral neuropathy(DPN),the two micro-peripheral vascular diseases in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.[Methods]A retro?spective study of 211 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatient from 2009 to 2012 ,and compare the two micro-peripheral vascular complications.[Results]The morbidity of DPN was(33.6%),which was higher than that of DR,some cases of DR co-existed with DPN,DR was related with DPN(r=0.158,P=0.020). Age and systolic blood pressure were the common risk factors in DR and DPN by single factor analysis.[Conclusion]It should be paid attention to the screening of both DR and DPN in each age group in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Except for the control of blood glucose ,the control of the systolic blood pressure is important in the prevention and treatment in the two micro-peripheral vascular diseases.

Objective To study the clinical effect of continuous central venous pressure monitoring and select a better method for central venous pressure momtoring. Methods Continuous central venous pressure wag monitored by connecting pressure sensor to central venous catheter in 56 patients with open heart operation.At the same time routine monitoring method was used in the same central venous vein of the saine patient The CVP values from the two methods were compared for 100 times and analyzed the difference.Results The VCP values of the two groups had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusions Continuous monitoring by pressure sensor had advantages such as continuous data,dynamic,direct-viewing,Veracious and decreased chance of infection.It could reduce the workload of nurses and possessed more clinical value compared with routine monitoring method.

Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a crucial three-stage kinase of the mitogen-activited protein kinase (MAPK) family,which plays an important role in MAPK pathway and other signaling pathways.In recent years,a large number of studies have found that aberrant expressing Tpl2 is involved in tumorigenesis and development of various cancers,and is expected to serve as a new biomarker and therapeutic target.Therefore,to reveal the mechanism of Tpl2 will provide a feasible theoretical basis and potential interventional target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

It has been estimated that approximately 75% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA, 74% of which would be transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA).The ncRNA can be divided into 2 major groups including small RNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).There is increasing evidence that the dysregulation of lncRNA is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many tumors.The lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) is originally detected in a genomic screen for genes in response to taurine treatment of developing mouse retinal cells.According to research reports, dysregulation of TUG1 participates in the progression of a variety of tumors.Therefore, the regulatory effects of lncRNA TUG1 on tumorigenesis are summarized in this article.

Objective To investigate the density of bladder pacemaker cells (ICC) in prostatic hyperplasia with detrusor underactivity (PDU) and the impact of stress environment on its growth. Methods 23 PDU guinea pig models and 26 pigs for control (BPH, n = 6; normal group, n = 20) were developed. After water-filled urodynamic pressure measurement of bladder for three groups , detrusor tissue was made into frozen sections. TheICC numberwere measured with immunofluorescence stainingand observed by confocal microscopy. Further ICC cells in vitro were cultured under stress environment and its counts were analyzed by colony formation assay. Results Decreased density of ICC was observed in PDU group (0.28 ± 0.52)% compared to control [(5 ± 0.36)%,P < 0.05] and the BPH group (5.4% ± 0.42)%, P < 0.05). The ratio of dimer and monomer [(6.13 ± 1.45)%] in PDU group was significantly lower than those of the control [31.55 ± 9.67)%, P < 0.05] and the BPH group [(71.52 ± 8.95)%, P < 0.05]. There is a negative correlation between the density of ICC in vitro and duration of stress. By contrast , there is a positive correlation between the density of ICC and incubation time after the stress is removed. Conclusion Distribution of decreased density of ICC is involved in the pathogenesis of PDU , which may be due to long-term stress environment. Thus eliminating stress environment may help restore ICC density in PDU.

Objective To assess effectiveness of implementation of non-pharmaceutical treatment in a standardized community-based hypertension management program in China.MethodsA protocol of standardized community-based hypertension management was developed based on current guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension in China.Physicians in community health-care service centers at the grassroots across China were trained in a standardized way using this protocol during 2005 to 2008,and then the trainees were required to manage hypertensive patients according to the protocol.Hypertensive patients eligible for criteria of inclusion and under management for more than one year were analyzed to observe changes in their behavioral risk factors,pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment,and effectiveness of blood pressure lowering.ResultsBy the end of 2008,a total of 29 411 hypertensive patients had been managed for one year according to the protocol and 20 077 patients with complete data (47.1％ for male)with mean age of 61±11 years were eligible for analysis.After standardized management of one year,prevalence of smoking,alcohol drinking and proportion of patients who preferred salty diet decreased from 17.7 percent,18.1 percent and 32.8 percent to 8.9 percent,8.7 percent and 15.8 percent,respectively(P＜0.01).Srstolic blood pressure(BP)decreased by 11.6[95％confidence interval(CI)10.8-12.4]mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),13.7(95％CI 13.3-14.1)mm Hg and 15.2(95％CI14.8-15.6)mmHg in the patients with non-pharmaceutical therapy,pharmaceutical therapy and both,respectively；and diastolic BP decreased by 7.5(95％CI6.9-8.1)mm Hg,8.3(95％CI8.1-8.5)mmHg and 8.0(95％CI7.8-8.2)mm Hg in the three groups,respectively.During the one-year period of management,proportion of the patients with appropriate non-pharmaceutical therapy increased continuously.By the end of one-year management,59.5 percent of smoked patients were required to quit their smoking,55.5 percent of alcohol drinkers were required to limit their drinking,52.3 percent of overweight and obese patients were required to reduce their weight and 47.3 percent of patients with physical exercises less than three times a week were required to increase their regular physical activity.However,certain proportion of the patients with risk factors did not receive appropriate non-pharmaceutical therapy.Conclusion Guideline-oriented hypertension management succeeded in lifestyle changes among the patients,but it is a gradual process to its full implementation.

This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China at national level in 2013. By the end of 2013,there are 184 943 schistosomiasis japonica cases. Meanwhile,nine acute cases were reported,and 4 cases reduced compared with that of 2012. A total of 29 796 advanced cases were reported;while 911 cases were determined as advanced cases and 1 700 cases were dead in 2013. Nationally,there were around 365 467.99 hm2 Oncomelania snail infested areas in total and 9.25 hm2 of them habituated infected snails in 2013. There were 287.28 hm2 of snail infested areas found in non?endemic areas historically. Moreover,962 065 cattle were estimated to be raised in endemic regions and 633 cattle were deter?mined as positive by stool examinations. The data showed that the endemicity of schistosomiasis in China decreased further. How?ever,challenges exist to reach the aims of the medium and long term national program. Further control and effective surveillance need to be strengthened as the endemicity of schistosomiasis is unstable in the areas after schistosomiasis transmission under con?trol or interruption.

Objective To analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neurosyphilis. Methods Clinical data on and laboratory findings in 18 cases with neurosyphilis collected in the Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University from 2006 to 2008 were retrospectively studied.Results Among the 18 patients, 3 sufferred from asymptomatic neurosyphilis, 1 from meningeal syphilis, 7 from meningovascular syphilis, 5 from paralytic dementia, and 2 from intracranial space-occupation. Toluidine red unheated serum reagin test (TRUST) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) of sera were positive in all the patients; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRUST was positive in 16 patients, and CSF TPPA in all patients. An increase was observed in CSF leukocyte count in 7 patients and in CSF protein in 13 patients.The findings on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mainly included demyelination, brain atrophy,cerebral infarction, etc. All the patients, except 2 with a TRUST titer of 1:4, experienced a 4-fold decrease in TRUST titer within a 3-month follow up. Clinical symptoms of neurosyphilis improved in all patients except 1 with paralytic dementia. Conclusions The diversity of clinical manifestations usually leads to the misdiagnosis of neurosyphilis, which should be diagnosed based on comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics as well as laboratory and imaging findings. Early diagnosis and treatment are beneficial to its prognosis.