There are many associated genes,proteins and cytokines altering in the genesis and development of breast cancer.It is very important to detect these tumor markers for the diagnosis,therapy and prognosis prodicting of breast cancer.In recent years,following by molecular biology development,the detection items on associated genes and proteins of breast cancer have been carried out one after another,such as ER,PR,HER-2,p53 and so on.However,these detection contents are not identical by each other from different areas and hospitals,without unified standard.

TOF-MS has been more and more widely used in clinical and scientific research due to its advantages such as fast and easily operated.Diabetic nephropathy is the most common complications of diabetes.But clinical existing detection meth-ods to some extent have some hysteresis.The applications and developments of TOF-MS coupled with other proteomics technologies provided new ideas and methods for early diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy.In this paper,the lat-est research results in nearest years about the application of TOF-MS to diabetic nephropathy will be reviewed.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B patients with different viral loads and immunoglob-ulin A,G,M and complement C3,C4.Methods Firstly,followed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection 210 cases of hepatitis B patients with HBV-DNA levels,according to 10n copies/ml different viral load detection results,it was divided into 102 ~108 copies/ml of the experimental groups.Then the experimental groups and control group were simulta-neously detected in immunoglobulin A,G,M and complement C3,C4.Analysed the correlation between HBV loads and im-munoglobulin A,G,M and complement C3,C4.Results When the viral loads of hepatitis B patients were 105 ~108 copies/ml,the testing results of IgA,IgG and IgM were both increasing (U =12.43,10.96,6.42,P <0.01),while C3 and C4 were both decreasing (U =8.37,6.0,P <0.01).When the viral loads of hepatitis B patients were 102 ~ 104 copies/ml,only IgA and IgM were increasing (U =2.36,2.04,P <0.05),the other testing results had no statistical significance.Between the test of 7 experimental groups compared with each other,only 104 group and 105 group had significantly changed (IgA and IgM were increasing,C4 was decreasing,U =2.39,2.46,2.09,P <0.05,IgG was increasing,U = 3.25,P <0.01),but between other low viral loads or high viral loads were not significantly differences.Conclusion The different viral loads of hepatitis B patients could cause the different changes of immunoglobulin A,G,M and complement C3,C4,especially in the 4 groups from 105 to 108 copies/ml.Followed by increasing in viral loads,there were immunoglobulin A,G,M increasing and comple-ment C3,C4 decreasing,and also serious impaction on the immune function of organism.There was a positive correlation be-tween viral loads in vivo and immune damages,correlation coefficient (γ =0.967,P <0.01).When the viral loads from 104 to 105 copies/ml,the testing results had changed significantly.It suggest that should control viral loads under 104 copies/ml in the hepatitis B antiviral treatment,so the effect of immune function damage will be the minimum.

Objective:To evaluate the stability and bio-safety of warming moxibustion gel-unguentums( WMG) . Methods: With the commercially available package and at 40℃ ± 2℃, RH (75% ± 5%) for six months,the stability of WMG was inspected. Guinea pig skin sensitization test, rabbit skin irritation test and cell toxicity test were used to investigate the safety. Results:Compared to the results of 0 month, there was no difference in the sample character, containing paste percentage, adhesion, shape, weight difference and all theindices in TLC identification. Cell toxicity test showed that WMG had slight cytotoxicity. Guinea pig skin sensitization test and rabbit skin irritation test indicated that the grade of skin reaction was zero and the primary stimulus index of skin tissues was also zero. Conclusion:The quality of WMG is stable and the production preparation technology is feasible. Moreover, it is safe in transder-mal administration.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of ALT abnormality among workers from food industry and related people from public places in Shenzhen and influencing factors.Methods 2,411 workers from food industry and people from public places who had physical examinations in our department from May to October in 2013 were involved in the investigation.ALT abnormality rate and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The incidence of ALT abnormalities among workers from food industry and related people from public places in Shenzhen was 9.37%.The ALT abnormalities were correlated with censue register,gender,age,marital status,work duration in Shenzhen,education level and monthly income respectively(all P<0.05). Conclusion The ALT abnormality has a higher rate among people from cities,of male gender and old age,with longer work duration in Shenzhen and relatively high level of education and higher monthly income.Therefore,for the population,the health education should be strengthened and the healthy lifestyles should be advocated to effectively reduce the ALT abnormality rate.

Objective To investigate the application value of 16S rDNA-based detection technique in the rapid screening for and confirmation of gonococcemia. Methods A 41-year-old male patient was hospitalized for recurrent regular fever and chills for 1 month. Several days before the admission, he developed urgent micturition, frequent micturition and pain in urination, anemia with emaciation appearance, slightly pale-looking skin and mucous membranes. No petechia, skin eruption or superficial lymphadenectasis was observed, but routine blood test and urine test results were abnormal. No abnormality was found in stool test or hepatic and renal function. DNA was extracted from the blood of the patient and subjected to PCR for the amplification of 16S rDNA followed by sequence analysis and homology analysis. At the same time, bacterial culture of blood and drug sensitivity test for the bacterial isolate were performed. Results Homology analysis indicated that the amplicon sequence was consistent with the known sequence of 16S rDNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in GeneBank, which agreed well with the culture result of peripheral blood. Conclusion The detection of 16s rDNA with PCR from peripheral blood is highly efficient, specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate for the screening for and confirmation of gonococcemia.

Objective To observe the biological characteristics of db/db mice, and to provide the basis for application of db/db mice in experimental research.Methods Spontaneous type 2 diabetes BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/JNju mice and wild type mice of the same age were used in this study.Their fasting blood glucose was determined at 8,12,16, 20 and 24 weeks of age, the body weight was recorded at 10, 12,16, 20 and 24 weeks of age, the levels of serum insulin, total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured, the organ weight and liver coefficient were determined, and the liver and pancreas were taken for pathological examination at 24 weeks of age.Results The db/db mice maintained a high level of fasting blood glucose and body weight.Levels of serum insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly higher than the wild type mice.Compared with wild type mice, liver weight and kidney weight were also significantly increased.Obvious pathological changes of liver and pancreas were observed in 24-week old db/db mice.Conclusions db/db mouse has obvious characteristics of type 2 diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia, can maintain stable levels of high blood glucose,and is an ideal animal model for experimental study of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ObjectiveInvestigate the value and feasibility of image registration with reverse rotation in lateral cerebral DSA.Methods ( 1 ) Experimental study:the target images were subtracted directly,and subtracted again after reverse rotation.Software of registration and subtraction with reverse rotation edited by the author utilizing Visual Basic.The function of the automatic angle detection by the software were evaluated to see whether it detected the angle of line.The subtraction function of DSA by the software was evaluated.(2) Clinical retrospective study:the untreated mask and target inages of 15 patients with motion along vertical axis during lateral cerebral DSA were uploaded to the software.The target images were processed with and without the software to get two sets of images.( 3 ) Evaluation:four experienced radiologists read and compared the two sets of the images,and graded their findings.Results ( 1 ) The automatic detection by the software suggested that the target images should be rotated counterclockwise 1.3°. The subtraction result of the software was satisfactory.(2)In the 15 sets of images,there were only three sets of images deemed optimal after traditional subtraction.After reverse rotation,artifacts were significantly reduced and the image sharper. There were ten cases with significant artifacts after traditional subtraction,and those images were sharper and showed more peripheral vessels after reverse rotation. The traditional subtraction images of two sets could not be interpreted,the reverse rotation registration images reached the diagnostic quality.(3)Subjective evaluation: there were more information and less noise and distortion in the registration images with reverse rotation than in the traditional subtraction. But the image resolution decreased slightly after reverse rotation registration.ConclusionThe registration of digital angiography with reverse rotation can improve the image quality in lateral cerebral DSA.

Objective To study the extracranial scalp electroencephalography ( EEG ) and intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits .Methods To record the extracranial scalp EEG and intracranial ECoG of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits , and to compare and analyze the results of those two scanning methods .Results EEG was characteristic of 9-12 c/sαwave and 16-20 c/sβwave with an amplitude of 30-100μV as the basic rhythm .ECoG showed 10-12 c/s αwave and 16-20 c/s βwave with an amplitude of 200-300 μV as the basic rhythm.Anesthesia could attenuate the electrocerebral activity , cause brain tissue hypoxia , and induce δ wave and slow θ wave in ECoG .Conclusions EEG method is a simple , non-invasive and convenient operation , and can be made in rabbits without anesthesia .The recorded EEG waveform is highly consistent with that of ECoG , and may be used as an alternative to the traditional ECoG in neurofunctional studies .

Objective To investigate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus of endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) and Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) genes with sporadic intractranial aneurysm (ⅠA) in Chinese Han population.Methods Genomic DNA was collected fiom 288 patients with ⅠA and 576 healthy controls,admitted to our hospital from 2008 to 2012.The SNPs in near EDNRA gene (rs6842241 and rs6841581) and JDP2 gene (rs741846 and rs175646) were analyzed by using the SnapShot method; and their relations with ⅠA were analyzed.Results All the genotype frequencies of these SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in genotypes and allele frequency distribution of near EDNRA gene between ⅠA patients and controls (P=0.000 for rs6842241 and rs6841581),while no significant differences were found in the distributions of rs741846 and rs175646 in JDP2 gene between ⅠA patients and controls (P=0.156 and 0.223).Haploview haplotyping showed that rs6842241 and rs6841581 located in a linkage disequilibrium,whose haplotypes (CG,AA and AG) were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.000,P=0.000 and P=0.009).Conclusion The rs6842241 and rs6841581 loci near EDNRA gene contribute to an increased risk ofⅠA among the Han Chinese population.