Objective To investigate the analgesic effects of intrathecal dexamethasone injection on pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion in mouse.Methods Using rat model of radicular pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion ( CCD), 40 male SD rats successfully received intrathecal catheter implantation and without motor dysfunction were randomly divided into 5 groups:Sham-operation group ( Sham group, n = 8 ), Control group ( CCD group, n = 8), Dexamethasone group ( D group, n = 8), Akt inhibitor V group (A group, n = 8 ) and Dexamethasone plus Akt inhibitor Ⅳ group (DA group, n = 8 ).Rats in D group, A group or DA group were intrathecally treated with dexamethasone (100μg/kg) ,Akt inhibitor Ⅳ (0.6μg/10μl) or dexamethasone ( 100 μg/kg) plus Akt inhibitor Ⅳ (0.6 μg/10 μl) on Day 3,13 after CCD respectively, while rats in C and Sham group received Vehicle (10% DMSO).Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were tested on 3 d before and 3 d,4 d,7 d,10 d,13 d,14 d and 15 d after operation.Results Compared with Sham group,both PWMT (P＜0.01) and PWTL (P＜0.01) were significantly decreased after CCD surgery on the ipsilateral side.After dexamethasone and Akt inhibitor were respectively intrathecally injected at 3 postoperative day,PWMT (7.33 ± 1.03 ) g, (5.67 ± 1.03 ) g, (2.67 ± 1.03 ) g (P ＜0.01 ) ,PWTL( 16.47 ±0.46)s, ( 14.48 ±0.84) s, ( 10.82 ±2.21 ) s(P＜0.01 ) ,then decreased gradually,and intrathecally injected again at 13 postoperative day, PWMT ( 7.33 ± 1.03 ) g, ( 5.67 ± 1.03 ) g, (2.33 ± 0.81 ) g (P ＜0.01 ), PWTL( 16.44 ±0.90) s, ( 14.01 ±0.82)s, ( 10.22 ± 1.28)s (P＜0.01).Coadministration dexamethasone and Akt inhibitor exhibit significant synergies, postoperative 4 d PWMT( 10.83 ± 2.04)g, (2.67 ± 1.03 )g (P ＜0.01),PWTL(19.11 ±2.01)s,(10.82 ±2.21)s (P＜0.01);14 d PWMT (7 ±0.82)g,(2.33 ±0.81)g (P ＜ 0.01 ), PWTL( 17.16 ± 1.14)s, ( 10.22 ± 1.28 ) s (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Intrathecal high-dose dexamethas one or PKB / Akt inhibitors can effectively improve pain behavior response induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglia,combination of these two drugs could generate significant synergies, and the effection is more obvious, more durable.

A TLC condition has been developed to purify the extraction from the leaf of Torreya Arn. plant,then an optimized HPLC method was used to determine the amount of taxol.HPLC chromatographic conditions were:colum:Shim Pack CLC ODS(150 mm?6.0 mm,5 ?m);mobile phase:methanol water(66∶34);flow rate: 0.5 ml/min;wavelength of the detector: 227 nm;colum temperature: 35℃.Using this method,we have determined the trace level of taxol in the leaf of Torreya Arn .plant successfully.There exists better linear relationship between peak height( Y ) and the concentration of detected sample( X ) within 100 500 ?g/ml.The average recovery rate is 85.7%( n =12);RSD is 7.8%.

Object To study the conditions for the extraction of active ingredients in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) Methods Conditions for the extraction were studied by orthogonal experimental design as guided by the content of ferulic acid presented in the extract Results The optimum conditions for the yield of ferulic acid were thus established Conclusion The best SFE conditions were: temperature of the extraction pot was 70 ℃ under the pressure of 35 MPa, CO 2 as the modifier with the flow rate of 25 kg/h, the time for extraction was 2 5 h

Objective: To establish the method of simultaneous determination of five effective constituents tanshinose Ⅱ A、danshensu、protcate-chualdehyde、puerarin and ferulic acid. Methods: After ultrasonic extraction, HPLC-DAD were used to determine the effective constituents on Zorbax SB-C 8 column with acetonitrile and pH3.0 water(adjusted with H 3PO 4) as a mobile phase. Under the gradient timetable the percent of acetonitrile increased from 5% to 72.5% in 45 min. The flow rate was 1.5mL?min -1 , Five constituents were detected at the most suitable detection wavelength. Results: The average recovery of the five effective constituents is within the range of 100.1%～106.9%(n=3), The test of the accuracy within one day shows that the RSD is less than 2.2%, and the RSD among days less than 2.8%(n=3). The test solution is stable in 10h. Conclusion: The method is accurate, simple, quick, and can be used for determining simultaneously the content of the five effective constituents in Compound Xinnaokang Soft Capsules

Objective To investigate the risk factors and prevention for shivering after intrathecal anesthesia.Methods Atotal of 1008 patients which received intrathecal anesthesia were visited after operation.Patient gender,age,ASA status,type of surgery,anesthesia method,preventive medications,local anesthetics and postanesthetic shivering were recorded.Results Age was negatively correlated with shivering (B =-0.019,P ＜ 0.05 ).Type of surgery,anesthesia method was correlated with shivering,too( P ＜ 0.05).The likelihood of shivering after combined spinal epidural anesthesia was 1.851 times than spinal anesthesia.Preventive medications were correlated with shivering(P ＜ 0.05 ).The likelihood of shivering after prophylactic use of ondansetron plus dexamethasone was 0.196 times than that without prophylactic medication.Selection of local anesthetics were correlated with shivering (B =0.443,P ＜ 0.05 ).The likelihood of shivering after use of bupivacaine was 1.558 times than that use of ropivacaine.Conclusions Risk factors for shivering after intrathecal anesthesia are patient age,type of surgery,anesthesia method,the selection of local anesthetics.Prophylactic use of dexamethasone plus ondansetron can be an effective prevention of shivering after intrathecal anesthesia.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of intrathecal injection of cyclin dependent kinase 5 inhibitor Roscovitine on the hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in a rat model of incisional pain.MethodsForty-five SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =9 in each group):control group ( C ),incisional pain group ( Ⅰ ),Roscovitine group(ROS),remifentanil group(R) and Roscovitine + remifentanil group ( ROS + R).Roscovitine (50μg/10μl) was injected intrathecally at 30 min before plantar incision in groups ROS and ROS + R,other groups were injected with 20％ DMSO(10μl).All groups except for C group needed to be made the model of incisional pain.In group R and ROS + R,remifentanil(0.04 mg/kg) was infused subcutaneously with a pump for 30min at the moment of surgical incision.The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL) were used to evaluate the behavioral changes and measured at 24 h before incision and at 2 h,6 h,24 h and 48 h after incision.ResultsCompared with group C,the PWMT and PWTL of group Ⅰ were significantly decreased after incision (P＜0.01).Compared with group Ⅰ,the PWMT and PWTL of group R were significantly decreased after incision (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; however,the PWTL was significantly increased (2h:( 20.26 ± 1.33)s,(17.97 ±0.47)s;48h:(22.15 ±0.660)s,(19.89 ±1.27) s),P＜0.05)in ROS group.Compared with group R,at 2h after incision,the significant increase of PWTL ( ( 19.13 ± 1.72)s,( 14.41 ± 2.30) s) and PWMT ( ( 10.4 ± 1.95 ) g,(6.38 ± 0.91 ) g) were observed,then lasted up to 48 h ( ( 19.24 ± 2.8 ) s,( 14.87 ± 1.95 ) s )and 24h ( (8.88 ± 1.41 ) g,( 6.83 ± 0.80) g) respectively in group ROS + R (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIn a rat model of postoperative pain,Roseovitine could reduce the thermal hyperalgesia purely induced by incision,and also could prevent the development of hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil.

Objective To study the distribution and correlation of 20 kinds of inorganic elements (Na,Mg,A1,V,Cr,Co,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,As,Se,Cd,Cs,Sr,Ag,Hg,Pb,and U) in Jiawei Xiaoyao Formula (JXF).Methods The levels of 20 inorganic elements in 10 kinds of herbal substances were determined by ICP-MS with microwave digestion for sample preparation,and the results were analyzed with SPSS22.0.Results There were some correlations among the inorganic elements in JXF;Four main factors were selected by principal component analysis (PCA).The PCA results showed that Na,Mg,A1,V,Ni,Cu,Se,Sr,Cs,Mn,Hg,and Fe might be the characteristic elements in JXF;There were Mg,A1,Mn,and Fe elements in 10 herbal drugs,the contents of inorganic elements in herbal drug were different because the medicinal parts were different,and the decreasing order was roots and rhizomes,skin type,all grass,fruit seeds,and fungi.Conclusion Contents of inorganic elements can not only characterize the stability of extraction process,and can provide experimental evidence for the study of traditional Chinese medicine compound compatibility law.

Compound Danshen Dripping Pills has curative effect of angina pectoris,coronary heart disease,and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,which is widely used in clinic.With the development of basic research and clinical pharmacology,it is particularly important to carry out more comprehensive and systematic quality control.At present,fingerprint technology is developing rapidly and has been recognized by many countries.In this article,we summarized the research situation of Compound Danshen Dropping Pills and its raw materials from two aspects of chromatography and spectroscopy (such as LC,CE,IR,NMR and so on).It will provide reference or the further establishment of a reasonable quality control method.

Objective To provide a proper concentration of Internal Standard Solution by comparing five different degrees to the simultaneous analysis of 10 metals including V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Hg in Cardeniajasminoides.Method An Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry method with Microwave-Assisted Digestion was developed with10,50,200,500,1 000 μg/L of Ge,In,Bi as internal standard.Result The degree of 500 μg/L concentration of internal stand solution can both correct the matrix effect and alleviate the contamination as the 1 000 μg/L.Conclusion With excellent detection limits,high sensitivity and wide linear range,the 500 μg/L internal standard may serve as reference in the determination of elements in other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 18 toxic elements from 10 ingredients of Modified xiaoyao formula and their extracts,and to study transport rates of above elements. METHODS:Microwave digestion-in-ductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MS) was used to determine above elements. Radio-frequency power was 1.50 kW,atomiza-tion pressure was 720 kPa,sampling depth was 7 mm,plasma gas flow rate was 15.0 L/min,carrier gas flow rate was 1.00 L/min, spray chamber temperature was 2℃,He flow rate was 4.5 mL/min under collision mode,measurement points/peak was 3,data ac-quisition mode was jump mode. RESULTS:The linear ranges of As,Pb,Cu,Hg,Cd,Mo,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn,Ru,Rh, Pd,Os,Ir,Pt was 0-500.17 ppb(r was 0.9994-09999);LOD was 0.0004-5.3410 ng/g;RSD of repeatability tests was all lower than 5.0%;average recoveries were 82.0%-117.9%(RSD=0.2%-5.7%,n=9). Ru,Rh,Pd,Os,Ir,Pt,Hg had not been detect-ed. The transfer rates of 11 metals in the extracts ranged 1.46%-31.90%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and repeatable,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 18 toxic elements in 10 ingredients of Modified xiaoyao formula and their extracts. The contents of toxic elements are decreased during the preparation of Modified xiaoyao formula extract to guar-antee the safety of drug use to certain extent.