Aim To study modulation of NMDA recep-tors on inward rectifying potassium channels through investigation of retinal horizontal cells. Methods Whole cell recording was conducted on isolated retinal horizontal cells for observation of inward-rectifying po-tassium currents before and after application of NMDA. Modulation of inward-rectifying currents by NMDA re-ceptor was also tested under calcium-free and chelation of intracellular calcium condition. Results Reduction of inward rectifying potassium currents was induced by activation of NMDA receptors. The effect was attenua-ted when calcium was removed. Conclusion Inhibi-tion of inward rectifying potassium channels can be in-duced by activation of NMDA receptors via intracellular calcium signals.

The nucleocapsid protein (N) is a major structural protein of coronaviruses. The N protein of bat SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) has a high similarity with that of SARS-CoV. In this study, the SL-CoV N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and used as antigen. An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (indirect ELISA) was developed for detection of SARS- or SL-CoV infections in bat populations. The detection of 573 bat sera with this indirect ELISA demonstrated that SL-CoVs consistently circulate in Rhinilophus species, further supporting the proposal that bats are natural reservoirs of SL-CoVs. This method uses 1-2 μl of serum sample and can be used for preliminary screening of infections by SARS- or SL-CoV with a small amount of serum sample.

A group of SARS-Iike coronaviruses(SL-CoV)have been identified in horseshoe bats.Despite SL-CoVs and SARS-CoV share identical genome structure and high-level sequence similarity,SL-CoV does not bind to the same cellular receptor as for SARS-CoV and the N-terminus of the S proteins only share 64% amino acid identity,suggesting there are fundamental differences between these two groups of coronaviruses.To gain insight into the basis of this difference,we established a recombinant adenovirus system expressing the S protein from SL-CoV(rAd-Rp3-S)to investigate its immune characterization.Our results showed that immunized mice generated strong humoral immune responses against the SL-CoV S protein.Moreover,a strong cellular immune response demonstrated by elevated IFN-γ and IL-6 levels was also observed in these mice.However,the induced antibody from these mice had weaker cross-reaction with the SARS-CoV S protein,and did not neutralize HIV pseudotyped with SARS-CoV S protein.These results demonstrated that the immunogenicity of the SL-CoV S protein is distinct from that of SARS-CoV,which may cause the immunological differences between human SARS-CoV and bat SL-CoV.Furthermore,the recombinant virus could serve as a potential vaccine candidate against bat SL-CoV infection.

To explore the roles of astrocytes in the epileptogenesis, astrocytes and neurons were isolated, purified and cultured in vitro from cerebral cortex of rats. The astrocytes were activated by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and astrocytic conditioned medium (ACM) was collected to treat neurons for 4, 8 and 12 h. By using Western blot, the expression of calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and adenylate cyclase (AC) was detected in neurons. The results showed that the expression of CaMK Ⅱ, iNOS and AC was increased significantly in the neurons treated with ACM from 4 h to 12 h (P＜0.05), and that of iNOS and AC peaked at 8 h and 12 h respectively. It was suggested that there might be some epileptogenic factors in the ACM and such signal pathways as NOS-NO-cGMP, Ca2+/CaM-CaMK Ⅱ and AC-cAMP-PKA might take part in the signal transduction of epileptogenesis.

Objective To explore Chongqing migrant workers Suiqian children′s mental health status and related factors .Meth-ods In this study 740 children from grade 7 to grade 9 in 3 schools which specify recruit migrant workers′children ,including the 399 migration children of migrant workers and 341 urban household registration students were involved .They were investigated with symptom rating scale(SCL-90) and self-made general questionnaire .Results There were no significant differences in SCL-90 scores between the migrant workers migration children group and urban household registration students group (P>0 .05) .Conclu-sion Generally speaking ,Chongqing migrant workers Suiqian children′s mental health status is good ,but there are still some prob-lems .We need do some further study on the mode of psychological intervention to maintain their physical and mental health .

Objective To explore and analyze the clinical effect of enhanced recovery after surgery to tibial plateau fractures patients applied arthroscopic minimally invasive treatment. Methods A total of 60 tibial plateau fractures patients were selected in our orthopedics department from January 2016 to July 2017 and who applied arthroscopic minimally invasive treatment, according to the last two-digit number of patient ID, divided them into observation group (n=30) and control group (n=30) randomly. The control group used regular perioperative strategies. The observation group used multidisciplinary cooperation fast track surgery idea, through preoperative assessment and education, nutrition and fasting, advance pre-rehabilitation and preventive analgesia; intraoperative optimization of anesthesia, body fluid management and body temperature control; postoperative nutritional support, multimodal analgesia, early ambulation and rehabilitation exercises, implied standardized and professional perioperative overall optimization management. The differences of the condition of 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after surgery, VAS score on discharge, time of first ambulation, active knee flexion 120°days; self-care ability at discharge and AKSS score one month after surgery between 2 groups were compared. Results The VAS scores 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after surgery and at discharge were 4.48 ± 1.18, 3.81 ± 1.68, 3.05 ± 1.63, 2.65 ± 1.65 in the observation group, and were 5.45±1.15, 4.15±1.05, 3.71±1.15, 3.23±1.68 in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (t=0.796~0.902 , P<0.05). The time of first ambulation, active knee flexion 120° days, self-care ability at discharge and AKSS scores one month after surgery were (5.61±1.4) hours, (4.01± 1.1) days, 80.22±3.6, 71.89±6.56 and 64.13±6.15 in the observation group, and (35.8±8.1) hours, (6.82± 1.6) days, 64.25±3.8, 63.45±8.36 and 60.95±8.98 in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (t=2.789~10.200, P<0.05). Conclusion Enhanced recovery after surgery to tibial plateau fractures patients applied arthroscopic minimally invasive treatment is worthy of being popularized as it’s beneficial to tibial plateau fractures patients. It can also fasten recovery and improve quality of life for postoperative patients.

In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.
*Adenoviridae/classification/pathogenicity ; Adenoviridae Infections/pathology/*veterinary/virology ; Animals ; *Anseriformes ; *Apoptosis ; Bird Diseases/*virology ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enteritis/*veterinary/virology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/virology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intestines/cytology/virology ; Leukocytes/cytology/virology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/virology ; Macrophages ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a domestic arterial thrombus aspiration catheter in treating acute arterial ischemic events in the experimental dogs,and to compare this catheter with Penumbra suction catheter.Methods Acute ischemic embolism model was established in the external carotid and renal arteries of experimental dogs,and the experimental dogs were randomly assigned to the study group and control group.The embolized blood vessels were treated with thrombectomy.Results A total of 12 experimental dogs were enrolled in this study,with 6 dogs in each group.All of the 12 experimental dogs were successfully modeled.In the study group and the control group,the cumulative success rates of thrombectomy were 92.9％and 66.7％respectively(P＞0.05),the incidences of intraoperative vascular dissection were 0％and 8.3％respectively(P＞0.05),and the incidences of vasospasm were 35.7％and 0.75％respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion In treating thrombus-embolized blood vessels with mechanical thrombectomy in experimental dogs,no statistically significant differences in the efficacy and safety exist between using domestic arterial thrombus aspiration catheter and using Penumbra suction catheter.(J Intervent Radiol,2023,32:1207-1210)

ObjectiveTo prepare oral nanoemulsions encapsulating essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet fructus（EOFAZ） and to investigate its pro-absorption effect in vitro and distribution in vivo. MethodThe proteoglycan conjugate polysaccharides of vinegar-processed Bupleuri Radix-bovine serum albumin（VBCP-BSA） was prepared by Maillard reaction of VBCP and BSA. Taking VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， vitamin B₁₂（VB₁₂） as absorption enhancer， and medium chain triglycerides mixed with EOFAZ as oil phase， the nanoemulsions loaded with EOFAZ was prepared by high energy emulsification method. The particle size， particle size distribution， surface Zeta potential， EOFAZ content and appearance and morphology of the nanoemulsions were characterized， and fluorescein tracer method was used to investigate the absorption effect of fluorescein-labeled EOFAZ nanoemulsions in vitro and their distribution in vivo. ResultVBCP-BSA was formed by Maillard reaction for 48 h with high grafting rate. Using VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， the homogeneous pink nanoemulsions was prepared and denoted as EOFAZ@VBCP-BSA/VB₁₂. The particle size of the nanoemulsions was less than 100 nm and the particle size distribution was uniform. The surface of the nanoemulsions was a weak negative charge， and the shape was spherical. The encapsulation rate of the nanoemulsions for EOFAZ was greater than 80%， which had a good absorption effect in vitro and could enhance liver accumulation after oral administration. ConclusionThe designed proteoglycan nanoemulsions can effectively load EOFAZ， promote oral absorption and enhance liver distribution， which can provide experimental basis for the development of oral EOFAZ liver protection preparations.