Objective To study nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in brain and myocar-dium of depression model rats and to explore the mechanism of brain and myocardium injuryed. Methods The de-pression model rats were produced by chronic mild unpredictable stress and separation. The behavior of rats were detected by open field test and sucrose consumption test. The contents of NO and NOS were determined with spec-trophotometric method. Results Compared with the normal control, the contents of NO [Brain ( 8.97±2.22 )μmol/g prot vs ( 1.86±1.28 )μmol/g prot; Myocardium (9.67±1.53) μmol/g prot vs (2.67±1.08)μmol/g prot] and NOS[Brain(9. 50±1.89) U/mg prot vs (2.31±0. 97) U/mg prot; Myocardium( 11.20±1.47) U/mg prot vs(2.53±0.97)U/mg prot] in brain and myocardium were significantly increased (P<0.01)of depression model rats. Conclusion The contents of NO and NOS increase significantly in brain and myocardi-um of depression model rats and it may induce the injury on brain and myecardium of them.

Objective To study the characteristics and influencing factors of event-related potential (ERP) P300 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Twenty-two OSAHS patients (OSAHS group) and 18 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited,and the ERP P300 was recorded with all the subjects.The correlation between latency and amplitude of P300 and influencing factors including variation of sleep mode,apnea hypopnea index (AHI),mean oxyhemoglobin saturation level(MSaO2),the lowest of oxyhemoglobin saturation level (LSaO2),time of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ stage and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep over total sleep time and total sleep time of SaO2 ＜ 90％ (90％ SaO2) were analyzed by using linear regression correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results The latencies of P3 component of P300 in OSAHS group were longer than that of control group[(344.24 ± 23.99)ms versus (311.17 ± 15.65) ms] (P＜ 0.05),while the amplitudes were decreased and lower in OSAHS group than that in control group [(3.66 ± 1.49) μV versus (6.26 ± 1.48) μV] (P ＜ 0.05).There revealed positive correlations between P3 latency and NREM Ⅰ and Ⅱ (r=0.492,P＜0.05),90％SaO2(r=0.627,P＜0.01),AHI(r=0.882,P＜0.01); negative correlation between P3 latency and NREM Ⅲ and Ⅳ (r =-0.558,P ＜ 0.01),LSaO2,(r =-0.479,P ＜0.05),MSaO2 (r =-0.519,P ＜ 0.05) was shown.There also revealed negative correlation between P3 amplitude and NREM Ⅰ and Ⅱ (r=-0.491,P ＜0.05),90％SaO2(r =-0.626,P＜0.01),AHI(r =-0.866,P ＜0.01),and positive correlation between P3 amplitude and NREM Ⅲ and Ⅳ (r =0.516,P ＜ 0.05),LSaO2 (r =0.475,P ＜ 0.05) 、MSaO2 (r =0.514,P ＜ 0.05).Stepwise regression and multivariate analysis revealed that AHI was one of the most significant influencing factors for latency and amplitude of P300 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The OSAHS patients have cognitive dysfunction as reflected by the abnormalities of event-related potential P300 and the scale of its changes are correlated with the severity of OSAHS.The AHI is the most influential factor of P300.

Aim To construct the methods of bacterial endotoxins test for Yu Jin injection. Methods Bacterial endotoxins test according to the addenda of 2000 Edition China Pharmacopoeia(second part). Result The backdrop can be avoided through diluting the preparation in 6 times. Conclusion The result shows that testing for bacterial endotoxin can instead of testing for pyrogen in matrine and sodium chloride injection.

Objective To investigate the expression of E-cadherin and Snail proteins in rectal cancer and their significance. Methods The expression of Snail and E-cadherin proteins was detected using immunohistochemical SABC method in 101 cases of rectal cancer tissues. Results The positive rate of Snail in rectal cancer was 78.2% (79/101). The negative expression rate of E-cadherin in rectal cancer was 62.4% (63/101). The expression of Snail and E-cadherin were significantly related with the lymph node metastasis and Dukes' stage of rectal cancer (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of Snail and the decreased expression of E-cadherin might be important biological markers for malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis of rectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy of empathy nursing combined with venlafaxine slow release tablets for the treatment of depression.Methods A total of 64 depression patients were randomly divided into study group (n =32) and control group (n =32).Two groups were all given venlafaxine slow release tablets,and the specific empathy nursing were additionally carried out in the study group at the same time.The treatment course lasted for four weeks.All patients were measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale brief version (WHOQOL-BREF),Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.Results After 4-week empathy nursing intervention and drugs treatment,the total scores of HAMD and HAMA in the study group and the control group were decreased,and the study group decreased more significantly than the control group,and the study group was higher than the control group(P ＜0.05).The each item scores of WHOQOL-BREF were increased in both groups,and the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Empathy nursing combined with venlafaxine slow release tablets can improve depression,anxiety and other symptoms,and can improve life function,promote the patient's recovery and treatment efficacy,thereby to improve quality of life of patients.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy of empathy nursing combined with venlafaxine slow release tablets for the treatment of depression.Methods A total of 64 depression patients were randomly divided into study group (n =32) and control group (n =32).Two groups were all given venlafaxine slow release tablets,and the specific empathy nursing were additionally carried out in the study group at the same time.The treatment course lasted for four weeks.All patients were measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale brief version (WHOQOL-BREF),Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.Results After 4-week empathy nursing intervention and drugs treatment,the total scores of HAMD and HAMA in the study group and the control group were decreased,and the study group decreased more significantly than the control group,and the study group was higher than the control group(P ＜0.05).The each item scores of WHOQOL-BREF were increased in both groups,and the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Empathy nursing combined with venlafaxine slow release tablets can improve depression,anxiety and other symptoms,and can improve life function,promote the patient's recovery and treatment efficacy,thereby to improve quality of life of patients.

A decline in mucosal vascularity is a histological hallmark of oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),a premalignant disease that is largely induced by betel quid chewing.However,the lack of available models has challenged studies of angiogenesis in OSF.Here,we found that the expression of thrombospondin 1(THBS1),an endogenous angiostatic protein,was elevated in the stroma of tissues with OSF.Using a fibroblast-attached organoid(FAO)model,the overexpression of THBS1 in OSF was stably recapitulated in vitro.In the FAO model,treatment with arecoline,a major pathogenic component in areca nuts,enhanced the secretion of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 by epithelial cells,which then promoted the expression of THBS1 in fibroblasts.Furthermore,human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were incorporated into the FAO to mimic the vascularized component.Overexpression of THBS1 in fibroblasts drastically suppressed the sprouting ability of endothelial cells in vascularized FAOs(vFAOs).Consistently,treatment with arecoline reduced the expression of CD31 in vFAOs,and this effect was attenuated when the endothelial cells were preincubated with neutralizing antibody of CD36,a receptor of THBS1.Finally,in an arecoline-induced rat OSF model,THBS1 inhibition alleviated collagen deposition and the decline in vascularity in vivo.Overall,we exploited an assembled organoid model to study OSF pathogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting THBS1.

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression levels of miR-21 and its regulatory proteins in bone tissues of osteoporotic mouse model, and its correlation with bone mineral density. Methods Thirty ovariectomized (ovx) female mice were randomly divided into six groups according to different observation time (0 week, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks, respectively). Smad7 expression level in the tissues of the distal femur of these mice was immunohistochemically analyzed. Real time PCR was performed at different time points for detecting changes in the mRNA levels of miR-21 and Smad7 target genes in the bone tissue. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the distal femoral bone density in mice of each group. Results Immunohistochemical study revealed that the expression of Smad7 in the bone tissue of osteoporostic mouse gradually increased over time. Real time PCR analysis showed that the expression of mi R-21 gradually decreased, whereas the expression of Smad7 gradually increased. Over time, the bone density of mice gradually decreased, indicating that miR-21 was positively correlated with bone density, whereas Smad7 was negatively correlated with bone density. Conclusion Bone density of the osteoporotic mice gradually decreases. The expression of miR-21 is positively correlated with bone density, while that of Smad7 is negatively correlated with bone density.

This paper takes the teaching of pathogeny biology and clinical laboratory diagnostics for postgraduates in Shandong Second Medical University as examples. By constructing innovative thinking in scientific research, training research innovation skills, and establishing modular, multi-evaluation systems, a comprehensive training mode for scientific research and innovation ability of medical academic postgraduate students had been proposed, and the implementation and effects of this training mode were thoroughly explored. This mode is expected to bring a positive impact on the training of medical postgraduate students and improve their scientific research and innovation ability, thereby promoting the cultivation of more medical talents with a high degree of scientific research and innovation ability.

Currently, the teaching work for postgraduates mainly centers on specific disciplines, and there is a lack of effective connection between disciplines, which leads to the insufficient ability of postgraduates in effectively integrating and applying the knowledge of various disciplines and restricts the development of innovation ability. This paper proposes a program for the cultivation of innovation ability of postgraduate students in clinical laboratory diagnostics based on multi-disciplinary integration from the three aspects of curriculum setting, multi-disciplinary interactive platform construction, and tutor team construction, aiming at helping postgraduate students to enhance the ability of knowledge integration and application and form a comprehensive disciplinary perspective. Additionally, the paper explores the practical application and effect of the cultivation program, offering novel insights and approaches for talent cultivation in the realm of clinical laboratory diagnostics.