Objective To explore the rules of skin metastasis so as to make correct diagnoses. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 108 cases with skin metastasis were collected, reviewed and analyzed.Results There were 65 male and 43 female among those 108 cases, with an average age of 49 8 years. The metastasis occurring regions in turn were abdomen, chest, shoulder-back, waist-glutea, head-neck, extremities, perineum, vulva and whole body. The average time of the appearance from skin mass to diagnosis was 3 5 months. Skin metastasis occurred at mean 16 2 months after diagnosis of primary tumor. The commonest sites of original tumor were lung, large intestine, stomach, unknown primary site and esophagus in male,breast, large intestine, ovary, lung and unknown primary site in female respectively.Conclusions In consistent with cancer morbidity,the cancer with high incidence has a high skin metastasis rate. Skin metastasis often appeared on the skin near primary lesion. It should be suspected to skin metastasis,if skin nodule appears on patient with cancer history.

China ; Pathology Department, Hospital ; manpower ; organization & administration ; standards ; Pathology, Clinical ; organization & administration ; standards ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; organization & administration

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characterization , effect of prevention and control measures during an outbreak in a military unit caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Methods All the cases were investigated to learn about their basic characteristics , clinical symptoms and aggregation activities using epidemiological cross-sectional study . Results From May 16 to June 11,2013, forty-nine confirmed cases and thirty-five suspected cases who were all males were found at an attack rate of 7.8%.The epidemic peak period was from May 27 to Jun 2(seven days), and the number of total cases was 66(75.9%).During the outbreak, the attack rate of the 10th cadet team, other cadet teams and a non-student population was 47.5%, 4.5% and 1.2% respectively.The difference was significant (P<0.01).The age of forty-nine confirmed cases ranged from 17 to 26 years old , the attack rate did not differ significantly between different age groups, and no aggregation was found in the place of birth and soldier source .The most frequent clinical symptoms were fever and cough for the confirmed cases , 62.5% of whom showed unilateral or bilateral lung inflammation change , while few positive lung symptoms were present .All the confirmed cases were hospitalized and no severe or critically ill cases were present.The outbreak was controlled effectively after implementation of case surveillance , contact precaution , termination of aggregation activities , dispersed habitation and prescription of azithromycin for disease prevention .Conclusion The confined and crowed environment for learning and training can increase the risk of M.pneumoniae outbreak , making it nec-essary to enhance disease prevention awareness , improve case management , live dispersed , reduce close contact and imple-ment personal hygienic measures .

AIM: AIM: To explore the relationship between apoptosis in the lung tissues and lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, and observe effects of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on apoptosis in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Single lung in situ ischemia/reperfusion animal model was used. Eighty four Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (control), ischemia/reperfusion 1 h group (IR1h), IR3h, IR5h, Panax Notoginseng Saponins 1 h group (PNS1h), PNS3h and PNS5h. TUNEL, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to observe apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in various phases of lung ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS: Cell apoptosis in lung tissues were significantly high, Fas/FasL mRNA and its protein were up-regulated in lung tissues of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury compared with control (all of P

AIM: To study the role and the mechani sm of heme oxygenas/endogenous carbon monoxide on nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide system in rats with pulmo nary hypertension induced by hypoxic hypercapnia. METHODS: Spr ague-Dawley rats w ere randomly divided into three groups: control group (A group),hypoxic hypercap n ic group (B group), hypoxic hypercapnia+hemin group (C group). Blood CO concentr at ion (COHb%),NO concentration,HO-1 activity, iNOS, cNOS in blood serum and lung h omogenate were measured, respectively. RESULTS: ① mPAP and RV /(LV+S) of B g roup were significantly higher than those of A and C group( P

AIM: To investigate the effect of puerarin (Pur) on expression of Fas/FasL mRNA in lung tissue during pulmonary ischemia and reperfusion injury(PIRI) in rabbits.METHODS: Single lung ischemia and reperfusion animal model was used.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups,sham operated group(sham,n=10),PIR group(I-R,n=30) and PIR+ Pur group(Pur,n=30).Changes of several parameters included apoptotic index(AI),wet to dry ratio of lung tissue weight(W/D) and index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury(IQA) were measured at 60,180 and 300 minutes after reperfusion in lung tissue.Meanwhile,the location and expression of Fas/FasL mRNA were observed.Lung tissue was prepared for light microscopic and electron microscopic observation at 60,180,300 minutes after reperfusion.RESULTS: As compared with group I-R,Fas/FasL mRNA slightly expressed in intima and extima of small pulmonary artery,alveoli,and bronchiole epithelia in group Pur.The values of AI,W/D and IQA showed significantly lower than that in group I-R at 60,180,300 minutes after reperfusion in lung tissue(P

AIM:To study testicular pathological change and its pathogenesis. METHODS:Testicular structure of alloxan induced diabetic rats was observed under light microscopy (LM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)，nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and content of malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide(NO) were detected biochemically in testicular homogenate. RESULTS:It is manifestated as atrophy of seminiferous tubule and germinal arrest under LM and expansion of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic inclusion of sertoli cell under TEM.Activity of SOD, GSH-PX decreased while activity of NOS, content of MDA, NO increased in diabetic rats compared with control one. CONCLUSION:Disturbance of spermatogenesis and damage of sertoli cell are the main morphological change of diabetic testis, lipid peroxidation and NO may be involved in it.

Background and purpose:Differentiation of tumor tissue is an important factor on determining the prognosis of gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels and clinical signiifcance of gender determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) gene and octamer binding factor 4 (OCT4) gene in gastric cancer tissues varying different differentiation degrees. Methods: Sixty cases with gastric cancer were recruited in this study. The gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal mucosa of the 60 cases were obtained. The mRNA and protein level of SOX2, OCT4 gene are evaluated by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between the expression levels of SOX2, OCT4 gene and clinical pathological parameters were also analyzed in this study. Results:The expression of SOX2 in both mRNA and protein levels had no signiifcant difference between the well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels:t=0.1033, P>0.05;protein levels:t=0.116, P>0.05). However, both the mRNA and protein expression of SOX2 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues were signiifcant higher than not only in patients with moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels: t=12.48, P<0.05; protein levels: t=22.78, P<0.05) but also in patients with than poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels:t=17.56, P<0.05;protein levels:t=30.00, P<0.05). In contrast to SOX2, both the mRNA and protein expression of OCT4 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues were signiifcant lower than not only in patients with moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels:t=13.23, P<0.05; protein levels: t=25.56, P<0.05) but also in patients with poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels: t=12.10, P<0.05; protein levels: t=69.48, P<0.05). There was no significance of OCT4 mRNA and protein expression between the well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels:t=2.436, P>0.05;protein levels:t=1.064, P>0.05). Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the positive rate of SOX2 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues (10/21) were higher than in patients with not only moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (7/20) but also poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (2/19, P<0.05), while the positive rate of OCT4 in cases with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues (2/21) were lower than in cases with not only moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (6/20) but also the poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (12/19, P<0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of SOX2, OCT4 in gastric cancer and gender or age (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of SOX2, OCT4 were positive or negative correlated with the pathological staging, the degree of inifltration and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion:Decreased SOX2 expression and increased expression level of OCT4 can promote the formation, development and invasion of gastric cancer and they may become biomarkers or the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation in gastric carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the variations of heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide system in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and effects of puerarin on the system.METHODS: The unilateral lung ischemia-reperfusion model was replicated in vivo.Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(n=10 in each): control group,ischemia-reperfusion(I-R) group and puerarin group.The blood specimens collected at times before ischemia,ischemia 1 h,reperfusion 1 h,3 h and 5 h were tested for the contents of carboxyhemoglobin(COHb) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).The lung tissues sampled at 5 h after reperfusion were assayed for wet/dry weight ratio(W/T),the injured alveoli rate(IAR) and the activity of HO-1.The changes of ultrastructure were observed under electron microscope.The tissue slides were also stained by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and in situ hybridization(ISH) to detect the expression of HO-1.RESULTS: The plasma content of COHb and cGMP in I-R and puerarin group increased in a time-dependent manner after I-R compared with control group,but the increment in puerarin group was higher than that in I-R group(P

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Zishen yangyin granules.METHODS:The yield of the extractum and the content of the extraction using 80% alcohol as solvent were used as indexes to optimize the extraction technology of Zishen yangyin granules by orthogonal experiment with the times of extraction,the extraction time and the amount of water added as factors.RESULTS:The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:the extraction was carried out for 3 times by adding water at an amount of 9 times,6 times and 6 times,respectively that of solid substance with decoction time of 3 h,2 h and 1 h,respectively.CONCLUSION:The optimal extraction process was proved to be time-saving and energy-saving and suitable for large production.