Patients on Porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations of vital teeth are increasingly year by year, this article mainly discusses the psychological characteristics of adult on porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations of vital teeth on the view of medical ethics.It is helpful to lighten patients’burden and complete treatment successfully by improving the qualities of dentists and giving patients psychological guidance.

Objective To assess the predictive value of serum uric acid levels to the incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in a cohort of healthy population. Methods A prospective cohort study of NAFLD incidence was conducted in Xinjiang province, from 2012 to 2014. A cohort study was performed on 2 207 subjects with no evidence of fatty liver disease by liver ultrasound and with no major risk factors for liver disease at baseline. All participants were interviewed to carry out the epidemiological questionnaire survey, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, as well as blood biochemistry measurements. The hazard ratios of NAFLD were compared among groups with different uric acid levels. All subjects were classified according to serum uric acid (within normal range grouped by quartile: Q1-Q4 group; above the normal range: Q5 group). Results NAFLD was newly diagnosed in 13.72% subjects within the 3-year period. The incidence of NAFLD was increased with elevated serum uric acid quartiles(P<0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, after adjustment for gender, age, race, metabolic syndrome and its components, OR for incident fatty liver in Q2 to Q5 of serum uric acid concentration as compared to Q1 were 2.509, 3.172, 3.392, and 4.041 respectively. Conclusion Elevated serum uric acid concentrations may predict NAFLD in the subjects for a regular health checkup.

ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to provide a clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. MethodsFrom March to October, 2014, 200 Uyghur patients and 200 Han patients with NAFLD in our hospital were enrolled into NAFLD group, while an equal number of healthy Uyghurs and Hans were used as controls. For all subjects, questionnaire survey, physical examination, abdominal ultrasound examination, and blood biochemical examination were performed, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and NAFLD was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. ResultsSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the NAFLD group were significantly lower than those in the control group for both Uyghurs and Hans (P＜0.05), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was negatively correlated with NAFLD (rHan=-0.212, rUyghur=-0.220, P＜0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was a protective factor for NAFLD (ORHan=0.894, PHan=0.015; ORUyghur=0.897, PUyghur=0.025). ConclusionSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is closely associated with NAFLD in Uyghurs and Hans.

Objective To verify the efficiency of a new laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis training model by comparing it with the chicken skin model. Methods Chicken posterior trunks and porcine colons were used to construct the training model. The posterior trunk of a chicken was used to simulate a human pelvis, and a 3-mm cloacal stump was used to simulate a human urethral stump. A 15-cm segment of porcine colon with a 1-cm orifice was used to simulate a human bladder or neobladder. An imitation urethrovesical anastomosis was performed with laparoscopic instruments in a laparoscopic training box. Forty trainees with no laparoscopic experience were randomized into 2 groups.The trainees in group A (n=20) practiced using this new model for 8 h, while those in group B (n=20) practiced using the chicken skin model for 8 h. The trainees' skills were assessed using the porcine model before and after training. Results Compared with the chicken skin model, this new training model more accurately resembled the structure and characteristic of human pelvis, urethral stump, and bladder (neobladder). After the training sessions, both groups improved in anastomosis time [GroupA: (64±11)min vs. (123±20)min, P＜0.05; Group B: (77±12)min vs. (121±17)min, P＜0.05] and quality (Group A: 8.8± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2, P＜0. 05 ; Group B: 7.7 ± 0.9 vs.3. 7± 1.1, P＜0. 05). Compared with trainees in group B, trainees in group A required less time and achieved a higher quality score (P＜0.05). Conclusions This new training model can help urologic surgeons to reduce learning curve of this technique and improve their suturing skills. It is an effective,convenient training model for laparoscopic urethrovesical anastomosis.

Objective To compare the efficacy,toxicitis and side-effects of Casodex and Flutamide in the hormonal therapy of advanced prostate cancer patients.Methods One hundred and thirty-six advanced prostate cancer patients were treated with with hormonal therapy.The patients were divided into 3 groups,of which 52 patients (group A) used LHRHa and Casodex as intermittent hormonal therapy;60 patients(group B) used LHRHa and Flutamide as intermittent hormonal therapy;24 patients(group C) were treated with surgical castration only.The difference of clinical symptoms,serum PSA,disease progression risk,survival rate,toxicitis and side-effects of 3 groups were compared.Results The relief rates of group A and B were 80.8% (42/52)and 81.7% (49/60) respectively,higher than 70.8% (17/24) of group C.The mean serum PSA of group A and B decreased from 133.3 ng/ml(17.9-982.8 ng/ml) to 15.8 ng/ml(0.02-28.9 ng/ml),142.6 ng/ml (20.2-1001.0 ng/ml)to 16.1 ng/ml(0.07-53.8 ng/ml),respectively,both better than that of group C,which decreased from 142.3 ng/ml (27.1-988.0 ng/ml) to 27.6 ng/ml(6.0-62.1 ng/ml).The mean chemical recurrence rates of group A and B were 34.7% (18/52) and 36.7% (22/60),respectively,lower than 58.3% (14/24) of group C.The mean chemical recurrence time of group A and B was 22(5-52)months and 22(6-65)months,respectively,longer than 11(5-54)months of group C.The mortality rates of group A and B were 26.9% (14/52) and 31.7% (19/60),respectively,lower than 66.7%(16/24) of group C.88.5% (46/52)of group A were treated continuously,while group B had 66.7% (40/60).The side-effects rate of group A was lower than group B.Conclusions Both Cadosex and Flutamide are effective for prostate cancer,and decrease the disease progression risk.Casodex is more effective and safer as for the treatment of prostate cancer compared to Flutamide.

Objective To obtain shRNA sequences that can stably block the expression of Nuclear Factor kappa- B (p65) in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and construct the lentivirus vector.And validate the gene function of p65 in the cell line. Methods According to p65 genetic information, we design siRNA1, siRNA2, siRNA3 those three siRNA sequences targeting the ods area of p65 gene and then form the corresponding four pairs of complementary single strand DNA of shRNA, including the sense strand and the antisense strand. The synthetic shRNA sequence was inserted into the empty pSIH1-H1-copGFP shRNA Vector, and after transfecting the prostate cancer cells , the inhibitory effect of p65 mRNA by different sequences was detected through real-time PCR, and the inhibitory effect of p65 protein expression was detected by Western-blotting. Thus we can obtain highly effective shRNA sequences in the inhibition of p65 in prostate cancer cells. MTT, flow cytometry, transwell were chosen to test the cell growth, migration and invasive power in vitro to compare the difference of the experimental group, control group and negative group. Results The third shRNA sequence had the best inhibitory effect and the inhibitory effect of p65 mRNA in prostate cancer cell line was 59 % and the protein was 81%. It's position locates in p65 (NM_021975 ) 1096-1113 and it's stemloop sequence is 5'-GATCCGCCCTATCCCTTTACGTCATTCAAGAGATGACGTAAAGGGATAGGGCTTTTTG-3'. After transfecting, the prostate cancer cell line had the low expression of p65 stably. Through MTT, we got the growth curve, which showed that the growth ability of experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group and the Logarithmic growth didn't appear in the first 96 hours. Flow cytometry test displayed that the percentage of G0-G1-phase cells in experimental group was 61.49%, and the control group was 44.89%, idle group was 41.52%, which was increasing oberviously. The S-phase cells in the experimental group was 28.58%, compared with the 47.36% and 46. 10% diminished. The results of transwell showed that the experimental group had 16. 5000±6. 62076 cells and the other two groups had 45. 6333 13. 54159 and 36. 8333±5. 68412 cells, which showed the invasive power of experimental group was significantly declined(P＜0.05).Conclusions It's successful to obtain shRNA sequences that can stably block the expression of p65 in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and construct the lentivirus vector. p65 can positively regulates the biological behavior of prostate cancer LNCaP cell line in the cell growth, migration and invasive power.

Objective To probe into the emergency triage efficiency between emergency rapid triage system (ERTS) and emergency severity classification of 4 level. Methods A total of 46965 emergency patients from January to December in 2015 were selected as the research object and utilized a data of patients from the electronic triage system, and triaged the emergency patients by means of ERTS retrospectively. A comparison was performed in patient visits, outcome and hospital rates between ERTS and emergency severity classification of 4 level. Results In both of these triage systems, almost 80％of patients are assigned to the lowest acuity (levelⅢandⅣ). The visits of patients with gradeⅢand grade IV diseases were 71.5％(33580/46965), 50.5％(23717/46965) in ERTS and 12.1％(5683/46965), 35.1％(16485/46965) in emergency severity classification of 4 level respectively. The outcomes of patient under the ERTS were better than emergency severity classification of 4 level at levelⅠandⅡ(χ2=11.79, 1100.62, P<0.05). At levelⅠandⅡ, ERTS in the patient's disease hospital admission rates were 70.5％(311/441), 72.6％(5274/7264), which higher than emergency severity classification of 4 level, 62.5％(371/594), 45.2％(2785/6161), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.32, 1043.13, P<0.05). At level Ⅲ and Ⅳ, ERTS in the patient's disease hospital admission rates were 9.6％(3676/38288), 7.9％(77/972) , which lower than emergency severity classification of 4 level, 19.3％(4578/23719) , 9.9％(1632/16491), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=1153.10, 4.05, P<0.05). Conclusions ERTS significantly improves the sensitivity and accuracy of emergency triage compared to emergency severity classification of 4 level. ERTS has obvious significance in the emergency patient distribution, and also has a certain advantage in the patient outcomes and hospitalization rates. It can be used as a auxiliary tool.

BACKGROUNDProstate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) can facilitate the growth, migration, and invasion of the LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined. Here, we investigated whether PSMA serves as a novel regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling by employing PSMA knockdown model and PI3K pharmacological inhibitor (LY294002) in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.

METHODSPSMA knockdown had been stably established by transfecting with lentivirus-mediated siRNA in our previous study. Then, LNCaP cells were divided into interference, non-interference, and blank groups. We first testified the efficacy of PSMA knockdown in our LNCaP cell line. Then, we compared the expression of PSMA and total/activated Akt by Western blotting in the above three groups with or without LY294002 treatment. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was performed to confirm the changes of activated Akt (p-Akt, Ser473) in groups. Besides, cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 assay, Transwell analysis, and Flow cytometry respectively.

RESULTSAfter PSMA knockdown, the level of p-Akt (Ser473) but not of total-Akt (Akt1/2) was significantly decreased when compared with the non-interference and blank groups. However, LY294002 administration significantly reduced the expression of p-Akt (Ser473) in all the three groups. The results of immunocytochemistry further confirmed that PSMA knockdown or LY294002 treatment was associated with p-Akt (Ser473) down-regulation. Decrease of cell proliferation, migration, and survival were also observed upon PSMA knockdown and LY294002 treatment.

CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our results reveal that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibition may serve as a novel molecular mechanism in LNCaP prostate cancer cells of PSMA knockdown and suggest that Akt (Ser473) may play a critical role as a downstream signaling target effector of PSMA in this cellular model.

Antigens, Surface ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; physiology