Objective To explore the relationship and clinical significance among glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),fasting blood glucose (FPG),insulin (Ins),C peptide (CP)and urinary mirco-albumin (urine m-Alb)inpatients with type 2 diabetes melli-tus (T2DM).Methods A total of inpatients with type 2 diabetes were choose in this study and divided into mild diabetic group (HbA1c ≤ 9%)with 45 cases,severe diabetic group (HbA1c > 9%)with 44 cases.Twenty healthy persons were selected into control group.The levels of HbA1c,FPG,Ins,CP and m-Alb in urine of each group were detected and compared,the relationships of them were analyzed.Results There were significant differences on the levels of HbA1c,FPG,Ins,CP and m-Alb in urine of each group,and the former three indicators from low to high followed by the control group,the mild diabetic group,the severe diabetic group.There was no significant difference on the level of Ins between the control group and the severe diabetic group(P >0.05), but the level of Ins in the mild diabetic group was significant higher than that of the control group and the severe diabetes group (P <0.05).The CP level in the mild diabetic group was significant higher than that in the control group (P <0.05),and has a posi-tive correlation with the level HbA1c (r=0.427,P <0.05 ).The CP level in the severe diabetic group was significant lower than that in the control group,(P <0.05)and was negatively correlated with the level HbA1c (r=-0.415,P <0.05).Conclusion The joint detection of HbA1c,FPG,Ins,CP and urine m-Alb has positive significance to control type 2 diabetes,protect islet function and prevent diabetic nephropathy,CP is better than Ins on the assessment of the secretory function of islet,and CP might be in-volved in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy.

The Y2K World Health Report by WHO offers a more comprehensive and thorough definition of the objective, major functions and strategic orientation of health organizations. To attain the systematic goals of the health cause, WHO designed a complete assessment system for measuring the performance of health organizations and conducted an assessment and ranking of various countries using the system. The paper gives a brief account of the report and discusses the enlightenment we can gain from it.

The paper first discusses the concepts and implications of human resources and human talents as well as the difference between the two. Then it expounds the difference between human resources management and personnel management with regard to historical conditions and functions. Finally the paper deals with the specific characteristics of personnel management and the urgency of transition to human resources management.

The authors first describe the concept and connotation, origin and functions of clinical pathways and then give an account of the selection of disease groups or cases in clinical pathways and the formulation of means and procedures. They argue that in the implementation of clinical pathways, reform of the manner of hospital payment is the driving force, transformation of physicians idea of service is the key, and coordination and cooperation between various departments is the guarantee.

The increase of medical fees, which can be attributed to many factors, is inevitable. However, from the perspective of economics, medical services are characterized by monopolization, the dual nature of entrust-ment and agency and the inflexibility of demands. Driven by the pursuit of profits, suppliers are keen on the kind of medical programs they provide, leading in part to the excessively rapid increase of medical fees. One of the key mea-sures for checking this increase and deepening health reform is to replace payment by programs with payment by case groups. Payment by case groups can be implemented in many ways. A relatively scientific and rational way is payment by case mix.

While Internet brings convenience to teenagers,there are some negative and bad things too.In the network,various sorts of information is mixed,the good and bad are intermingled,and much harmful information has become the pollution source to students' inner world,which will have great impact on the moral socialization and virtue.

Objective:To investigate the methods of the anesthetization of the foreign body extraction in respiratory tract of infants.Methods:This clinical study compared two anesthetic methods in foreign body extraction of respiratory tract of infants:Ketamine+Sodium r-hydroxybutyrate intravenous (group A) and Ketamine+propofol intravenous (group B) and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.Results:Compared with group B,the extent of the changes of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation in patients of group A is littler,and the incidence rate of breath holding and asphyxiation is littler too.Conclusions:The anesthetic effect of Ketamine+Sodium r-hydroxybutyrate intravenous in better than that of Ketmaine+propcfol intravenous.

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of HPV among gynecology clinical cases and provide scientific support for control and prevention of squamous cell carcinoma .Methods Clinical cases with symptom of increased vaginal secretions and obscure vaginal bleeding and cases diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma or vaginitis and cervicitis were collected as ob-jectives for HPV testing .Samples were collected by maternity doctors for HPV DNA testing by using the reverse hybrid membrane technology gene chip .All data were analyzed by chi-square test and trend analysis(Z) method .Results 24 .64% of the 4 347 cases were positive for 23 kinds of HPV subtypes .Of the 23 subtypes ,the leading four detection rates were 16th ,43th ,58th and 52th sub-types ,which were 8 .10% (352/4 347) ,3 .93% ,3 .52% and 3 .31% respectively ,and shown significant higher than that of the other 19 subtypes .The detection rates of 6th ,11th ,18th ,33th and 56th subtypes were between 1% to 3% ,whereas the rates of other 14 subtypes were lower than 1% .The detection rates of all the age groups were between 16 .00% ~36 .72% ,and rose with the age in-creasing(Z=3 .32 ,P<0 .01) .The detection rate was the highest in symptoms of increased vaginal secretions and obscure vaginal bleeding ,accounted for 30 .76% (334/1 086) ,secondly in those of increased vaginal secretions ,obscure vaginal bleeding and men-strual were between 20 .68% and 25 .59% .All the 80 cervical squamous cell carcinoma cases were detected HPV ,97 .5% (20/80)of them were high-risk HPV type .The single infection was the most common infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma cases ,Ac-counted for 75 .5% (60/80)of the total ,and 25% (20/80)of them were multiple infections with 2 to subtypes ,and 70% (56/80) of them were infected with 16th subtypes ,and only2 .5% of them were low-risk type(2/80) .The detection rate of inflammatory disea-ses was 4 .75% (958/3 871) ,and the detection rates were higher in cases of cervicitis and vaginitis and cervicitis complications (be-tween 23 .03% to 28 .38% ) than that of vulvitis (16 .81% )(χ2 >3 .83/6 .63 ,P< 0 .05/0 .01) .Conclusion The detection rate of 16th subtypes HPV was the highest for gynecology clinical cases ,secondly were the 43th ,58th and 52th subtypes .The detection rate of HPV was the highest in symptoms of increased vaginal secretions ,obscure vaginal bleeding and vaginitis .The detection rate rose with the age increasing .It was concluded that elderly cases with increased vaginal secretions ,obscure vaginal bleeding and vagi-nitis were the biggest targets for control and prevention of HPV and cervical squamous cell carcinoma .

The paper first gives an account of the historical backgroumd of the formation of the World Trade Organization and the existing 6 basic principles of it. Then it explains the principles and extent of the opening of the health sector to the outside world and the specific promises made by China in the negotiations involved in its accession to the WTO. Finally the paper speculortes about the effects of Chinas entry into the WTO on domestic hospitals and suggests corresponding strategies.