Objective To explore the risk factors for vascular invasion and its influence on prognosis of resectable gastric cancer patients by analyzing the clinicopathological features. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1077 patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection. According to whether vascular invasion occurred, they were divided into LVI positive group (n=672) and LVI negative group (n=405). Logistic univariate and multivariate analyses were used for the relation between clinical pathological features and LVI. Survival analysis was used to study the relation between vascular invasion and survival rate in patients with stage Ⅰ gastric cancer. Results Univariate analysis showed that tumor size, type of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, Lauren classification, nerve invasion and the increase of CEA, CA125 and CA199 were risk factors for vascular invasion (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that poor differentiation, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and elevated CA724 were independent risk factors for vascular invasion. The 5-year survival rate of stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients with vascular invasion was significantly lower than that without vascular invasion (P < 0.01). Conclusion Gastric cancer patients with poor differentiation, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion and elevated CA724 are more prone to vascular invasion. Patients with stage I gastric cancer at risk of vascular invasion should be treated more aggressively.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis for patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4, and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:The clinicopathological data of 1 112 patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer in Xijing Digestive Disease Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between lymph node metastasis status and the clinicopathological factors as well as tumor markers was analyzed. The related risk factors of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by using logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results:Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of lymph node metastasis among colorectal cancer patients stratified by gender, age and tumor location (all P > 0.05). The different tumor diameter [<5 cm and ≥5 cm: 37.75% (211/559), 52.26% (289/553), χ2 = 23.666, P < 0.01], general type [infiltration, ulcer, parasol, bulge: 37.04% (20/54), 47.52% (432/909), 34.33% (23/67), 69.51% (57/82), χ2 = 13.787, P = 0.003], degree of differentiation [highly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, poorly-differentiated: 34.11% (102/299), 49.00% (317/647), 48.80% (81/166), χ2 = 19.771, P < 0.01], mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) [yes and no: 26.34% (64/243), 50.17% (436/869), χ2 = 43.996, P < 0.01], neurological invasion [yes and no: 48.17% (421/874), 33.20% (79/238), χ2 = 16.954, P < 0.01], vascular invasion [yes and no: 79.16% (338/427), 23.65% (162/685), χ2 = 327.493, P < 0.01] and preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) [positive (≥5 mg/ml) and negative (<5 mg/ml): 52.87% (249/471), 39.16% (251/641), χ2 = 20.162, P < 0.01] and CA199 [positive (≥35 U/ml) and negative (<35 U/ml): 59.33% (124/209), 41.64% (376/903), χ2 = 21.465, P < 0.01] had statistically significant differences in the incidence of lymph node metastasis for above stratified patients. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that vascular invasion and preoperative CA199-positive were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 ( OR = 13.006, 95% CI 9.329-17.276, P < 0.01; OR = 2.194, 95% CI 1.513-3.181, P < 0.01), and dMMR-positive was a protective factor for lymph node metastasis ( OR = 0.279, 95% CI 0.190-0.411, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Vascular invasion is the main risk affecting factor for the lymph node metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4. The detection of preoperative tumor marker CA199 can be used as an index to predict the lymph node metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4. To a certain extent, it can provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of esketamine combined with different doses of remimazolam for induction of general anesthesia in pediatric patients.Methods:One hundred and sixty pediatric patients of either sex, aged 3-6 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with body mass index of 13-20 kg/m 2, undergoing elective general anesthesia under a laryngeal mask, were divided into 4 groups ( n=40 each) by the random number table method: esketamine combined with propofol group (KP group) and esketamine combined with different doses of remimazolam group (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/kg) groups (KR1 group, KR2 group, KR3 group). Esketamine 0.8 mg/kg was intravenously injected in the preanesthesia room. After entering the operating room, propofol 2.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected in KP group, and remimazolam 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg were intravenously injected in KR1, KR2 and KR3 groups, respectively. When the child lost consciousness and the Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score<1, sufentanil and mevacurium were intravenously injected. When the Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score≥1, rescue sedation was performed, and 3 min later the laryngeal mask airway was inserted. The onset time of sedation, response to laryngeal mask airway placement, rescue sedation, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, bucking, hiccup, injection pain and apnea were recorded, and the increase rate of perfusion index (PI) was calculated. Results:No response to laryngeal mask implantation occurred in the four groups. Compared with KP group, the onset time of sedation was significantly prolonged, the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, injection pain and apnea was decreased, the incidence of tachycardia was increased, and the increase rate of PI was decreased in KR1, KR2 and KR3 groups, and the rate of rescue sedation and incidence of bucking were increased in KR1 and KR2 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with KR1 group, the onset time of sedation was significantly shortened in KR2 group and KR3 group, and the rate of rescue sedation and incidence of bucking were decreased in KR3 group ( P<0.05). Compared with KR2 group, the onset time of sedation was significantly shortened, and the rate of rescue sedation was decreased in KR3 group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the increase rate of PI, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, injection pain and apnea among KR1, KR2 and KR3 groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of hiccup among the four groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine 0.8 mg/kg combined with remimazolam 0.4 mg/kg can be safely and effectively used for anesthesia induction and has milder inhibition of respiration and circulation as compared with esketamine combined with propofol in pediatric patients.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of different drugs in reducing incidence of emergence agitation after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the pediatric patients.Methods:Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases were searched from inception to July 2023 for the randomized controlled trials involving interventions to reduce the incidence of emergence agitation after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in pediatric patients. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. STATA 17.0 software was used to conduct a network meta-analysis according to the frequency-ology framework.Results:Twenty randomized controlled trials were finally included, involving 1 687 patients. Compared with placebo, 10 interventions could reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in pediatric patients after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, and the order of probability was as follows: dexmedetomidine ( OR and 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.13 [0.09-0.20]), ketamine ( OR and 95% CI 0.15 [0.08-0.26]), clonidine ( OR and 95% CI 0.15 [0.05-0.50]), tramadol ( OR and 95% CI 0.16 [0.04-0.61]), remazolam ( OR and 95% CI 0.17 [0.06-0.47]), afentanil ( OR and 95% CI 0.22 [0.08-0.62]), remifentanil ( OR and 95% CI 0.24 [0.12-0.48]), desocine ( OR and 95% CI 0.29 [0.12-0.69]), fentanyl ( OR and 95% CI 0.31 [0.19-0.52]) and propofol ( OR and 95% CI 0.46 [0.24-0.86]). Four interventions cloud reduce the usage rate of postoperative rescue drugs, and the probability was ranked as follows: dexmedetomidine ( OR and 95% CI 0.19 [0.11-0.32]), tramadol ( OR and 95% CI 0.20 [0.10-0.42]), ketamine ( OR and 95% CI 0.49 [0.28-0.86]) and fentanyl ( OR and 95% CI 0.49 [0.32-0.77]). One intervention cloud reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting: dexmedetomidine ( OR and 95% CI 0.54 [0.31-0.94]). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine provides the best effect in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation after pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.