Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) and nerve growth factor(NGF) on the expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB) and phosphorylated CREB(p-CREB) in rat hippocampus during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R). Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was set up by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.The expression of CREB and p-CREB in the right hippocampus were detected with immunohistochemistrical SABC method and Western blotting.The immunoreactive positive products were analyzed by image analysis system. Results The expression of CREB decreased in I/R group as compared with sham group in right hippocampus,but the expression of p-CREB was higher in I/R group than that in sham group(P

AIM:To investigate the efftct of Gypenosides on contraction of isolated duodenum smooth mustle of rabbits.METHODS:The routine experimental method of isolated duodenal smooth muscle of rabbits were used.The contraction curves of isolated duodenum smooth mustle before and after administration of different concentrations of Gypenosides(0.01%-1.00%)were recorded by Medlab biological information collecting system.RESULTS:Different concentrations of Gypenosides significantly reduced the contraction amplitude of isolated duodenum smooth mustle of rabbits,and showed a dose-dependent relationship.CONCLUSION:Gypenosides can inhibit the contraction of isolated duodenum smooth muscle of rabbits.

Objective:To forecast the indicators on maternal and child health of China in 2020.Methods: Based on Surveillance data of the indicators on the maternal and child health in China since the 1990s,forecasting models were found using auto-regressive method,and the indicators on maternal and child health in China in 2020 were forecasted using the models after they had been tested and valued.Results: Auto-regressive models on infant mortality rate(IMR),under-5 mortality rate(U5MR) and maternal mortality(MMR) were found.The models and their parameters passed statistical tests,and their mean absolute error was 5% or so and determination coefficients were all more than 90%.Conclusion: The IMR of China in 2020 was forecasted to be 6.35‰,the U5MR 7.37‰ and the MMR 22.21/100 000.

Peroxisome prolifreator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, members of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs play critical roles in growth, proliferation and apoptosis of variety of cells. Recently, PPAR ligands have been reported to ameliorate neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheim- ers disease, Parkinsons disease,cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis. PPAR agonists may have potential values in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we reviewed recent findings on PPARs′ neuroprotective actions and their underlying mechanisms.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of Zn~ 2+ -dependent endopeptidases targeting extracellular matrix (ECM) compounds as well as a number of other proteins. Their proteolytic activity acts as an effector mechanism of tissue remodeling in physiologic and pathologic conditions, and as modulator of inflammation. Recently, it has been reported that MMPs play an important role in nervous diseases including cerebral ischemia, Alzheimers disease,multiple sclerosis and Parkinson′s disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) on the expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB) mRNA in rat hippocampus and parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion(I/R). Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was induced by occluding of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.Hybridization in situ experiment was used to detect the expression of CREB mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 region and parietal cortex during different reperfusion periods.The positive product of CREB mRNA was analyzed by image analysis system. Results There was a distinct expression of CREB mRNA in right hippocampal CA1 region and parietal cortex in sham group.The absorbency of CREB mRNA positive product reduced in I/R group as compared to sham group,while it increased in CGRP group than I/R group(P

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10-127 was used to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from residual glycerol obtained from biodiesel synthesis. Important variables for 2,3-BD fermentation, pH and dissolved oxygen, were studied. When pH was maintained constant, the yield of 2,3-BD was inhibited. The highest 2,3-BD yields were achieved by fermentation without any pH control with an optimized initial pH 6.5. Batch fermentative production of 2,3-BD by B. amyloliquefaciens was investigated using various oxygen supply methods by changing agitation speed. Based on the analysis of three kinetic parameters including specific cell growth rate (micro), specific glucose consumption rate (q(s)) and specific 2,3-BD formation rate (q(p)), a three-stage agitation speed control strategy was proposed, aimed at achieving high concentration, high yield and high productivity of 2,3-BD. Maximum concentration of 2,3-BD reached 38.1 g/L, with the productivity of 1.06 g/(L x h), which were 14.8% and 63.1% over the best results from constant agitation speeds. In a pulse fed-batch fermentation, 2,3-BD concentration and productivity were significantly improved to 71.2 g/L and 0.99 g/(L x h), respectively. To our knowledge, these results were the highest for 2,3-BD production from biodiesel-derived glycerol.
Bacillus ; classification ; metabolism ; Biofuels ; analysis ; Bioreactors ; Butylene Glycols ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glycerol ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industrial Microbiology ; Oxygen ; analysis

Objective To investigate the effects of AstragalosideⅣ (AST) on the expression of high glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS)-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells. To discuss the regulating effect of AST on induced fibrosis cytokines.Methods The HMrSV5 cell line was cultivated to the fifth generation and divided into normal group (10%FBS cultivation solution), model group (4.25% PDS and 10% FBS cultivation solution) and the low, medium and high doses AST groups (4.25% PDS with a respective 10, 20, 40 μg/mL AST). MTT colorimetric assay was employed to detect cell activity and ELISA was applied to detect expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF in cultured supernatants.Results Except for 5 μg/mL group, HPMCs activity of high glucose plus different concentration AST groups were enhanced in different degrees, especially with 40, 45, and 50 μg/mL (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, and VEGF in model group increased. Compared with the control group, expression of the three AST groups significantly decreased and showed dose-effect relationship (P<0.05). Conclusion AST could reduce the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF in high glucose-induced HPMCs and was useful in slowing down the progress of peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and possible impacts of Goodpasture's syndrome in pregnancy on the pulmonary and kidney of the newborn and the mothers. Methods One patient diagnosed Goodpasture's syndrome in pregnancy hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital on August 23 in 2011 delivered a neonate with bullae of lung. And literatures including 8 cases of pregnancy complicated by Goodpasture's syndrome worldwide through Medline were reviewed. Results (1) Case report:one 31-year-old women presented with acute renal failure at 30+6 weeks of gestation and delivered a male infant with birth weight 1 900 g by caesarean section at 31+1 weeks of gestation. Diagnosis was confirmed as Goodpasture's syndrome with anti-glomerular basement membrane(GBM) antibodies in serum and renal biopsy after delivery. Then she was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, plasmapheresis and dialysis. The neonate showed the lung bullae in the right middle lobe and bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage but renal function was transient normal with anti-GBM as 113.1 EU/ml. The baby was treated by glucocorticoid for two months and clinical symptoms were improved. Anti-GBM antibodies and chest CT showed normal. After been followed up for two years, the baby was normal. (2) Literatures review:the main manifestations of Goodpasture's syndrome in pregnancy were malignant hypertension and renal failure but respiratory symptoms were not obvious. Treated with plasmapheresis, hematodialysis and glucocorticoid maybe have good effects. Most cases had premature delivery. Neonatal anti-GBM antibodies coming from mothers could result to cerebral, renal and pulmonary injury which could be treated by glucocorticoid. Conclusions The Clinical features of pregnancy complicating the Goodpasture's syndrome are malignant hypertension and renal failure. Diagnosis was depended on positive anti-GBM antibodies and renal pathological changes and treatment were depended on plasmapheresis, hematodialysis and glucocorticoid. Neonatal cerebral, renal and pulmonary injury resulting from anti-GBM antibodies coming from mothers should be followed up, and glucocorticoid should be taken if necessary.

Objective To assess the changes in frequency of peripheral T lymphocytes expressing different cytokines in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment with BCG-PSN and their relationship with disease severity. Methods A randomized, double blinded and placebo cross-over control study was conducted. A total of 8 patients with AD were recruited in this study. Intramuscular BCG-PSN or placebo was given to patients every other day for 36 days. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the frequency of IL4-, IL5-, IFN-γ- and TNFα-expressing peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells before and after the therapy. Disease severity was evaluated by atopic dermatitis area and severity index score (ADASIS). Results The difference value in IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell frequency before and after therapy was significantly higher in patients treated with BCG-PSN than in those with placebo (8.056 ± 13.962 vs -6.549 ± 10.491, U = 2.26, P< 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the frequency of IL4-, IL5-, TNFa-expressing CD8+ T cells between BCG-PSN- and placebo-treated patients (all P > 0.05). The decrease in ADASIS was 1.56 ± 1.49 in patients treated with BCG-PSN, which was statistically higher than that in placebo-treated patients (-0.05 ± 1.54, U = 2.00, P< 0.05). Conclusion As an immunomodulator, BCG-PSN may control AD by restoring the balance of T-cell subsets.