Aplastic anemia (AA) refers to a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder.With respect to the precise pathophysiology of AA at present, it is still unclear.MicroRNA (miRNA), about 22 nucleotides in length, is a kind of small RNAs and it can regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.According to domestic and foreign reports recently, there are abnormal expressions of several miRNAs in AA patients, suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the development and progression of AA.This article reviews the study progress of miRNAs in AA.

[Objective] To explore the causing and prevention factors of peroneal nerve injury after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).[Method] Nine postoperative peroneal-nerve injury in 9 patients were documented in a retrospective review of 2000 consecutive total knee arthroplasties performed at one institution from Jan.1996 to Jun.2007.Six fresh cadaver knees were executed TKA to observe the causing factors of peroneal nerve injury in operation.[Result]The causing factors of the 9(0.45%)patients were not clear.Cadaver knees TKA suggested the dangerous handlings by turns include the belows:①lifting distal femur by encircle dragging may enhance lesion probability of common peroneal nerve.②risk for common peroneal nerve to set Hoffman crook not paralleling longitudinal axis of tibia or posterior the lateral collateral ligament.③excessive straightening knee joint after the prosthesis had been fixed.[Conclusion]Lifting distal femur by encircle dragging should be avoided while peeling posterolateral joint caps and caput laterale musculi gastrocnemii.The location,inserting orientation and depth of Hoffman crook should be taken care of.Hyperextension of the knee should be avoided.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10-127 was used to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from residual glycerol obtained from biodiesel synthesis. Important variables for 2,3-BD fermentation, pH and dissolved oxygen, were studied. When pH was maintained constant, the yield of 2,3-BD was inhibited. The highest 2,3-BD yields were achieved by fermentation without any pH control with an optimized initial pH 6.5. Batch fermentative production of 2,3-BD by B. amyloliquefaciens was investigated using various oxygen supply methods by changing agitation speed. Based on the analysis of three kinetic parameters including specific cell growth rate (micro), specific glucose consumption rate (q(s)) and specific 2,3-BD formation rate (q(p)), a three-stage agitation speed control strategy was proposed, aimed at achieving high concentration, high yield and high productivity of 2,3-BD. Maximum concentration of 2,3-BD reached 38.1 g/L, with the productivity of 1.06 g/(L x h), which were 14.8% and 63.1% over the best results from constant agitation speeds. In a pulse fed-batch fermentation, 2,3-BD concentration and productivity were significantly improved to 71.2 g/L and 0.99 g/(L x h), respectively. To our knowledge, these results were the highest for 2,3-BD production from biodiesel-derived glycerol.
Bacillus ; classification ; metabolism ; Biofuels ; analysis ; Bioreactors ; Butylene Glycols ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glycerol ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industrial Microbiology ; Oxygen ; analysis

Aim To develop a model for screening DPPIV inhibitor from Chinese Herbal medicine.Methods With Gly-Pro-PNA as a substrate,DPPIV activity was assayed by the chromogenic substrate.The concentration of DPPIV and Gly-Pro-PNA,temperature,pH and reaction time were optimized.Results The optimal enzymatic reaction system was as follows:DPPIV 0.5 U?L-1,Gly-Pro-PNA 0.262 ?mol?L-1,37℃,pH 8.2,reaction for 60 min.Further more,many kinds of herbal abstracts were screened and some had the DPPIV inhibitory function,such as Leech,Poria cum Radix Pini and Buddleja officinalis Maxim.Conclusion The model can be used to screen for DPPIV inhibitors in vitro.

The two pabAB genes encoding aminodeoxychorismate synthase(ADC synthase)from a L-serine producing strain Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062 and model strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 were ampilified by PCR.The result of nucleotide sequence analysis showed that both pabAB fragments were 1863bp,encoding 620 amino acids.16 bases differences that resulted in the changes of 7 amino acids were found in the pabAB of SYPS-062.The two pabAB were inserted into pET-28a to yield the recombinant expression vector pET-28a-pabAB and then transfromed into BL21(DE3).Upon IPTG induction,soluble ADC synthase was over-produced by E.coli BL21(DE3)harboring the expression construct.Recombinant ADC synthase purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography showed a single band about 67kDa on SDS-PAGE gel,and activity of aminodeoxychorismate synthase analysis show that the enzyme specific activity of SYPS-062 is 46.6% lower than ATCC 13032.

Objective To investigate the effects of AstragalosideⅣ (AST) on the expression of high glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS)-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells. To discuss the regulating effect of AST on induced fibrosis cytokines.Methods The HMrSV5 cell line was cultivated to the fifth generation and divided into normal group (10%FBS cultivation solution), model group (4.25% PDS and 10% FBS cultivation solution) and the low, medium and high doses AST groups (4.25% PDS with a respective 10, 20, 40 μg/mL AST). MTT colorimetric assay was employed to detect cell activity and ELISA was applied to detect expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF in cultured supernatants.Results Except for 5 μg/mL group, HPMCs activity of high glucose plus different concentration AST groups were enhanced in different degrees, especially with 40, 45, and 50 μg/mL (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, and VEGF in model group increased. Compared with the control group, expression of the three AST groups significantly decreased and showed dose-effect relationship (P<0.05). Conclusion AST could reduce the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF in high glucose-induced HPMCs and was useful in slowing down the progress of peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To seek more direct evidence of the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in controlling visuospatial attention.Methods Forty healthy subjects took the Attention Network Test following continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) applied over the left or right PPC or sham stimulation.The Attention Network Test measures the alerting,orienting and executive control components of visual attention separately.Results Subjects responded to spatial cues significantly slower after cTBS.Alerting and orienting showed deficits after cTBS over the right PPC.cTBS over the left PPC resulted in significant improvements in alerting,but not in the orienting.Furthermore,there were significant differences in the alerting and orienting indices between cTBS over the left and right PPC,but not in the executive control index.Conclusions The results suggest that the right PPC is associated with spatial orienting and the alerting function.The findings supported the theory of inter-hemispheric competition for visuospatial attention.Visuospatial attention bias might be selectively modulated through cTBS.

This paper summarized nursing care in intra-hospital transfer of 13 critically ill patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The key points to guarantee safety of critically ill patients were establishing a well-trained professional team and developing standardized procedures,and applying checklist for ECMO Transfer. The key points in nursing were assessment and pretreatment,homogenized nursing during transfer and effective handover after transfer. As a result,six cases of avian influenza patients successfully completed CT ex-amination,five cases of lung re-transplant patients and two cases of lung transplant patients were successfully trans-ferred to the operating room.

1,2,4-Butanetriol (BT) is an important non-natural chemical with a variety of industrial applications. A recombinant Escherichia coli biosynthesizing BT from D-xylose was constructed by heterologously expressing xdh and mdlC, and knocking out competing pathway genes including xylA, xylB, yjhE, yagH and ycdW. To optimize BT synthesis pathway, the third catalytic step that catalyzes the decarboxylation reaction of 3-deoxy-D-glycero-pentulosonic acid was identified as a potential bottleneck. Consequently, 2-keto acid decarboxylases from three different microorganisms were screened, and the kivD gene from Lactococcus lactis was found to increase BT titer by 191%. The improved strain BW-025 reached a final BT titer of 2.38 g/L under optimized transformation conditions. Attempts on synthetic pathway optimization were also made by fine-tuning the expression levels of each enzyme involved in the whole pathway based on BW-025. As a result, an xdh overexpressed recombinant strain, BW-074 was finally generated, with 48.62% higher BT production than that of BW-025.
Butanols ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genetic Engineering ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways

We constructed plasmid pMTac to overexpress 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase (KSDD) in Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12 for improving androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) production. To construct pMTac, pACE promoter on pMF41 was replaced by tac promoter, and then four recombinants were constructed, which were M. neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-gfp, M. neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-gfp, M. neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-ksdd and M. neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd. Fluorescence detection results show that much more green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed in M. neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd than M. neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-ksdd. The activity of KSDD was 2.41 U/mg in M. neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd, 6.53-fold as that of M. neoaurum JC-12 and 4.36-fold as that of M. neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-ksdd. In shake flask fermentation, ADD production of M. neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd was 5.94 g/L, increased about 22.2% compared to the original strain M. neoaurum JC-12 and 12.7% to M. neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-ksdd. AD (4-androstene-3,17-dione) production of JC-12/pMTac-ksdd was 0.17 g/L, decreased 81.5% compared to M. neoaurum JC-12 and 71.2% to M neoaurum JC-12/pMF41-ksdd. In the 5 L fermenter, 20 g/L phytosterols was used as substrate, ADD production of M. neoaurum JC-12/pMTac-ksdd was improved to 10.28 g/L. pMTac is favorable for expressing KSDD in M. neoaurum JC-12, and overexpression of KSDD has beneficial effect on ADD producing, and it is the highest level ever reported using fermentation method in M. neoaurum.
Androstadienes ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Mycobacterium ; Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phytosterols ; metabolism ; Plasmids