Aplastic anemia (AA) refers to a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder.With respect to the precise pathophysiology of AA at present, it is still unclear.MicroRNA (miRNA), about 22 nucleotides in length, is a kind of small RNAs and it can regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.According to domestic and foreign reports recently, there are abnormal expressions of several miRNAs in AA patients, suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the development and progression of AA.This article reviews the study progress of miRNAs in AA.

Objective To assess the influence of transcranial electric stimulation (TES) on the recovery of motor function after cerebral focal ischemia and reperfusion and to explore the mechanisms in terms of neural plasticity.Methods An acute focal ischemia-reperfusion model was established by transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO).Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a TES group,a model group,a sham-operation group and a normal group.The TES group was given TES 24 h after MCAO;the model group received the operation without any treatment.Forelimb placing (FPT) and beam walking (BWT) were mea-sured at the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th day after reperfusion.Microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and grey levels of reaction products in the peri-infarct region were examined by immunohistochemical techniques.Results The TES group rats had markedly better FPT and BWT performance at the 7th,14th and 28th day after MCAO,compared with the model group.Expression of MAP-2 had increased significantly more at the 14th and 28th day in the peri-infarct region in the TES group compared with the model group.Expression of GAP-43 was significantly elevated in the peri-infarct region in the TES group compared with the model group at all time points.Conclusions TES can improve motor function and neural plasticity following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage.The functional enhancement may be partly due to up-regulation of the expression of GAP-43 and MAP-2 in the peri-infarct region.

ObjectiveTo assess how transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) concurrent with rehabilitation training influences brain plasticity and behavioral functional performance in rats following a focal ischemic infarction.MethodsAfter an acute focal ischemic infarction by transient occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCAO), the electric stimulation concurrent with rehabilitation group was given TES, balancing and rotating and walking exercise everyday; the rehabilitation group was given only balancing and rotating and walking exercise everyday; the control group received no treatment. Growth associated protein 43(GAP-43) was examined by immunohistochemical techniques, and density of reaction product and forelimb placing test (FPT) were measured on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after infarction respectively.ResultsThe electrical stimulation concurrent with rehabilitation group provided marked improvement in FPT on the 7th, 14th and 28th day compared with the rehabilitation group and the control group (P<0.01～0.05). The GAP-43 demonstrated statistically significant increase on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day in the peri-infarct region in the electrical stimulation concurrent with rehabilitation group compared with other two groups(P<<0.01～0.05).ConclusionThe efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation combining with rehabilitation training can improve functional outcome and neuronal plasticity following ischemic cerebral damage. The mechanism may be partly due to the upregulation of the expression of GAP-43 in the peri-infarct region. Meanwhile, the efficacy is superior to rehabilitation training only.

Objective To analyze peri-implant alveolar bone loss with radiography. Methods 38 implants were inserted in 27 cases. The peri-implant alveolar bone was observed and measured with intraoral radiography at time of insertion, functional loading, and 3, 6, 12 months after functional loading. Results The mean peri-implant alveolar bone loss was 0.35 mm immediately after functional loading, 0.57 mm, 0.67 mm,1.01 mm at 3,6,12 months later. There was not significant difference of bone loss between maxilla and mandible, neither of submerged and non-submerged implants. ITI implants performed significantly less bone loss than Replace Select within 3 months after functional loading (P<0.01). Conclusion Osseointegration will successfully be obtained on implants involved. The peri-implant alveolar bone loss with ITI is less than that with Replace Select. The bone loss is not different between submerged and non-submerged implants.

Objective To observe the relationship between the skin incision of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction and the sensory disturbance around the surgical incision of the leg.Methods From Oct 2007 to Jun 2008,223 patients underwent arthroscopy ACL reconstruction,among them 50 patients were followed-up and defined as four groups according to different types of skin incision.The area of skin sensory disturbance around the incision were measured and compared.Results Compared with transversal incision group(transversal incision for double bundle ACL reconstruction),vertical incision group(using hamstring or Bone-Patella-Bone autografl for ACL reconstruction) and posteromedial incision group(medial meniscus repair group),the length of incision in small incision group(using allograft for ACL reconstruction)was significant shorter(P<0.001).For the area of sensory disturbance,there were no statistics differences between small incision group and transversal incision group(P=0.800),and no statistics differences between vertical incision group and posteromedial incision group(P=0.316).But both small incision group and transversal incision group showed significantly smaller(P<0.05)area of sensory disturbance than vertical incision group and posteromedial incision group.Conclusion For ACL reconstruction,using small incision(allograft)and transversal incision could decrease the area of sensory disturbance of anterior tibial skin.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) on the expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB) mRNA in rat hippocampus and parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion(I/R). Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was induced by occluding of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.Hybridization in situ experiment was used to detect the expression of CREB mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 region and parietal cortex during different reperfusion periods.The positive product of CREB mRNA was analyzed by image analysis system. Results There was a distinct expression of CREB mRNA in right hippocampal CA1 region and parietal cortex in sham group.The absorbency of CREB mRNA positive product reduced in I/R group as compared to sham group,while it increased in CGRP group than I/R group(P

Objective To determine the expression of cancer stem cell markers, CD133, CD44 and OCT-4, in small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H82 and confirm the specific markers. Methods NCI-H82 cells were cultured, and the expressions of markers (CD133, CD44 and OCT-4) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of CD133, CD44 and OCT-4 in 79 tissues with small cell lung cancer. Results In NCI-H82 cells, the florescence was positive in CD133 and CD44 and negative in OCT-4. In the tissues, the expression of CD133 and CD 44 was related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P< 0.05), while OCT-4 was negative expression. Conclusion CD133 and CD44 might be the cancer stem cell markers of small cell lung cancer, which maybe have clinical significance on diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To sutdy the anti-inflammatory action and pharmacodynamics of Liushen Cataplasm (LC). Methods The anti-inflammatory action of LC was observed on mice models of xylene-induced ear swelling and on the rat models of carrageenan-induced pedal swelling. With the decrease of pedal swelling as the parameter,the pharmacodynamics of LC was studied. The apparent parameters of pharmacodynamics were estimated based on the time-effect curve. Results LC showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The effect-time curve can be described by the one-compartment model. The main pharmacodynamic parameters were as follows:t1/2(Ka)=2.11727h,t1/2(Ke)=3.13464h,AUC=3.33131 mg?kg?h-1,respectively. Conclusion Liushen Cataplasm shows a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The effect-time curve can be described by the one-compartment model.

Objective To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing mouse SPINK5 gene,and observe its curative effect on the skin lesions in atopic dermatitis mice model. Methods By recombining DNA technology,the sequence of mouse SPINK5 gene was cloned into adeno?virus shuttle plasmid. Then it was transformed into HEK 293 cells with the adenoviral backbone plasmid to obtain the recombinant adenovirus. A mouse model of atopic dermatitis was established by system and local sensitization of Balb/c mice with ovalbumin . The effect of recombinant adeno?virus on the lesions of atopic dermatitis mice model was observed. Results The SPINK5 over?expressing adenovirus vector and atopic dermatitis mice model were successfully constructed. After 2 weeks of adenovirus?mediated SPINK5 gene intracutaneous injection,the redness and edema of lesions of AD model mice were obvious relieved. The pathological detection indicated that epidermal thickness and prickle cell layer ,inflammatory cell infiltration significant decreased accompanied with the model blank control. Conclusion The adenovirus?mediated SPINK5 gene had signifi?cant therapeutic effect to the atopic dermatitis mice model ,which provided a laboratory basis of application of SPINK5 gene product to therapy atopic dermatitis.

Objective To explore body image(BI),prosthesis satisfaction and quality of life(QOL)of amputees from Wenchuan earthquake and the relationship among them to provide evidence for the intervention.Methods A total of 21 amputees accepted a survey regarding QOL,BI,and satisfaction with prosthesis.The scale of SF-36 was used to assess QOL.Amputees Bodily Image Scale(ABIS)was;used to assess BI.A self-design questionnaire wag used to evaluate the prosthesis satisfaction of amputees.Results The scores of SF-36,ABIS,and prosthesis satisfaction wag 41.90 ±15.00,64.58 ±10.60,and 59.52±11.06,respectively.The ABIS scores in women(65.07 ±12.10)were hisher than that in men(63.20 ±5.0)(P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between score of QOL and prosthesis satisfaction,but a negative correlation between QOL and BI.The negative correlations were also observed between BI and Vitality,BI and mental health.Prosthesis satisfaction had positive correla tions with education level.QOL and mental health.Conclusion The body image disturbance(BID)and dissatis faction with prosthesis may cause negative influences on the amputees'quality of life.Relevant intervention should be provided of amputees handling their prostheses and body images correctly and raising QOL.