BACKGROUND: The existing technique takes articular process and lateral mass as a reference mark. Due to differences of subjective judgment in operation and the impact of articular hyperplasia, some errors of screw entry point selection and serious complications such as vertebral artery or cervical spinal cord injury easily occurred, which limit the clinical application of the technique. At present, it is very important to select a constant reference mark of cervical pedicle screw entry point.OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional reconstruction CT images were made to measure the relationship between the lower cervical pedicle screw entry point and the lateral concave between articular process.METHODS: Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT scan was performed in 30 patients with cervical deformity, and the occurrence rate and morphological characteristics of the lateral concave between articular process were observed. The following parameters were determined on specific reconstructed CT image of C3-C7: (1) the distance between pedicle axis projection point in the posterior surface and the outer edge of lateral mass in transversal section through bilateral pedicle axis and (2) the distance between the point and the lateral concave between articular process in oblique sagittal section through homolateral pedicle axis. Mean value and standard deviation were counted and statistics difference was compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The lateral concave between articular process in lower cervical vertebrae was a obvious and less constant proliferative anatomical landmark and its occurrence rate was 100%. (2) Using CT technology of 3D reconstruction, C3-C7 lower cervical transversal section through bilateral pedicle axis and oblique sagittal section through homolateral pedicle axis were successfully obtained. (3) In transversal section, the left and right distances between C3-C7 pedicle axis projection point in the posterior surface and the outer edge of lateral mass were (4.1±0.9)mm and (4.3±0.9) mm, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.609). Except for C3 and C7, C4 and C7,there was no significant difference in the measured values of the same side (P > 0.05). (4) In oblique sagittal section, the left and right distances between C3-C7 point and the lateral concave between articular process were (-0.3±1.7) mm and (-0.3±1.6) mm, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.916). Except for C3 and C4, there was significant difference in the measured values of the same side (P < 0.05). (5) The above results suggest that the lower cervical pedicle entry point and the lateral concave between articular process have a relatively constant orientation relationship in transversal section and a large variation in the sagittal section.

Objective:To improve teaching quality of laboratory teaching in medical cell biology on foreign students.Methods:To improve teaching language,teaching material,teaching methods and so on.Results:We got significant improvement on laboratory teaching of foreign students in medical cell biology.Conclusion:In order to improve teaching quality of laboratory teaching in medical cell biology on foreign students,we should improve on many different ways and accumulate experiences for future teaching.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of targeted percutanous ozone ablation on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients with high intensity zone (HIZ) in lumbar disc annulus fibrosus on MRI T2 weighted imaging.Methods:136 LDH patients with HIZ in lumbar disc annulus fibrosus on MRI T2 were divided into two groups according to therapy methods.In group A,75 patients were injected with 2 ～5 mL of 40 μg/mL mixture of O3 and O2 after targeted percutanous puncturing under the guidance of X-Ray machine with C-type arm.In group B,61 patients were treated with conservative treatment.MacNab score criterion and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used in assessment of the efficacy.Results:Except 24 patients,all the other cases were followed up for 18 ～ 44 months.At the postoperative 1st,2nd,3rd,6th,9th,12th and 18th month,according to MacNab score criterion,the effective rates were respectively 88.00 ％,90.67 ％,93.33 ％,89.39 ％,84.85 ％,78.13 ％ and 73.44 ％ in group A and respectively 68.85 ％,62.30 ％ 55.74 ％,61.82 ％,58.12 ％,54.17 ％ and 47.92 ％ in group B.There were significant differences between two groups at the same time point (P＜0.05).At the postoperative 12th and 18th month,ODI was lower in group A,and there was no significant difference between two time points (P＞0.05).But it was significant different with that preoperatively and in group B at the same time point (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Targeted percutanous ozone ablation is an effective method with stable clinical efficacy in treating LDH with HIZ in lumbar disc annulus fibrosus on MRI T2 weighted imaging.

Objective To observe the changes of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) -immunoreactive positive nerve fibers innervation in bone tissue of femoral heads during the pathological process of early steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH), and explore its significance.Methpathological group of SANFH was induced.Immunohistochemical technique was used and the changes of CGRP-immunoreactive positive nerve fibers innervation in weight bearing area of the femoral heads during the pathological process of early SANFH were observed.Result The number of CGRP-immunoreactive nerves increased first and then decreased ( Peaked at 6 weeks, 10.28 ± 0.66 ), but it was more than that ofnormal control group.There was significant difference between two groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion There were changes in the distribution of CGRP-immunoreactive positive nerves fiber during the process of bone repair after SANFH.CGRP-immunoreactive positive nerves fiber might take part in the process of bone repair in SANFH.

Objective:To explore the imaging measurement and clinical significance of the angle between the axis ofpedicle and the plane of lamina in lower cervical vertebra.Methods:Three dimensional reconstruction of CT scan was performed in 30 patients with cervical deformity,and the angle between the axis ofpedicle and the plane of lamina was measured with the specific reconstructed CT image of C3-C7.Results:1) The left and right transverse angle of C3-C7 between the axis of pedicle and the ipsilateral plane oflamina were 98.3°±6.3°,98.0°±5.1°,97.5°±6.9°,95.1°±5.0°,85.8°±5.4°and 96.7°±8.2°,98.7°±7.1°,97.8°±3.6°,93.2° ±6.2°,86.8° ±5.7°,respectively,which showed a gradual decreasing trend.Meanwhile the angle ofC3-C6 was more than 90 degrees and C7 was less than 90 degrees.In addition to C6 with C3 and C7 with other segments,the rest of the differences between the sections was not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).2) The left and right transverse angle of C3-C7 between the axis of pedicle and the pedicle of vertebral arch of lamina were 0.2°±4.5°,1.2°±7.2°,-0.8° ±6.8°,-3.3°±5.4°,-14.7° ±4.0° and-1.6°±5.4°,1.9°±4.6°,-0.5° ±6.0°,-4.6° ±5.3°,-13.7°±3.4°,respectively,which showed a first increasing and then reducing trend.Meanwhile the angle of C4 was maximum angle.In addition to C6 with C3;C6 with C4,and C7 with other segments,the differences between the sections was not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).3) The left and right sagittal angle of C3-C7 between the axis of pedicle and the ipsilateral plane of lamina were 77.7°±7.6°,77.0°±7.1°,85.3° ±8.4°,94.1°±2.2°,94.9°±3.8° and 78.5° ±7.1°,76.2° ±6.2°,86.4°±6.4°,94.0°±2.7°,95.6°±3.8°,respectively,which showed a gradual increasing trend.The angle of C3-C4 was less than 90 degrees.Cs showed large variation and C6-C7 was more than 90 degrees.In addition to C3 with C4 and C6 with C7,the differences between the sections was statistically significant (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two sides of the above indexes (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:In low cervical vertebra,there is a certain angle relationship between the axis of pedicle and the plane of lamina,which can provide reference for the clinical determination of angle of pedicle screw insertion.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation in peritoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Methods: From January 2019 to June 2019, the clinical data of 6 patients diagnosed as gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis were retrospectively analyzed in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Five were male and 1 was female. The median age was 69.5 (28-77) years. The median body mass index (BMI) was 22.8 (19.6-23.5). All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The patient′s body position and facility layout in the operating room were consistent with those of laparoscopic gastrectomy. The operator′s position: the main surgeon was located on the right side of the patient, the first assistant stood on the left side of the patient, and the scopist stood between the patient′s legs. Surgical procedure: (1) trocar location: three abdominal trocars was adopted, with one 12 mm umbilical port for the 30° laparoscope (point A). Location of the other two trocars was dependent on the procedure of exploration or biopsy as well as the two polyester cuff position of the peritoneal dialysis catheter: Usually one 5 mm port in the anterior midline 5 cm inferior to the umbilicus point was selected as point B to ensure that the distal end of the catheter could reach the Douglas pouch. The other 5 mm port was located in the right lower quadrant lateral to the umbilicus to establish the subcutaneous tunnel tract, and the proximal cuff was situated 2 cm away from the desired exit site (point C).(2) exploration of the abdominal cavity: a 30° laparoscope was inserted from 12 mm trocar below the umbilicus to explore the entire peritoneal cavity. The uterus and adnexa should be explored additionally for women. Once peritoneal metastasis was investigated and identified, primary laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation was performed so as to facilitate subsequent peritoneal chemotherapy. Ascites were collected for cytology in patients with ascites. (3) peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: the peritoneal dialysis catheter was introduced into the abdominal cavity from point A. Under the direct vision of laparoscopy, 2-0 absorbable ligature was reserved at the expected fixation point of the proximal cuff (point B) for the final knot closure. Non-traumatic graspers were used to pull the distal cuff of peritoneal dialysis catheter out of the abdominal cavity through point B. The 5-mm trocar was removed simultaneously, and the distal cuff was fixed between bilateral rectus sheaths at the anterior midline port site preperitoneally. To prevent subsequent ascites and chemotherapy fluid extravasation, the reserved crocheted wire was knotted. From point C the subcutaneous tunnel tract was created before the peritoneal steath towards the port site lateral to the umbilicus. Satisfactory catheter irrigation and outflow were then confirmed. Chemotherapy regimen after peritoneal dialysis catheterization: all patients began intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the second day after surgery. On the 1st and 8th day of each 3-weeks cycle, paclitaxel (20 mg/m²) was administered through peritoneal dialysis catheter, and paclitaxel (50 mg/m²) was injected intravenously. Meanwhile, S-1 was orally administered twice daily at a dose of 80 mg·m^-2·d^-1 for 14 consecutive days followed by 7-days rest. To observe the patients′ intraoperative and postoperative conditions. Results: All the procedures were performed successfully without intraoperative complications or conversion to laparotomy. No 30 day postoperative complications were observed. The median operative time was 33.5 (23-38) min. The median time to first flatus was 1(1-2) days, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 3 (3-4) days, without short-term complications within 30 days postoperatively. The last follow-up was up to July 10, 2019, and the patients were followed for 4(1-6) months. No ascites extravasation was observed and no death occurred in the 6 patients. There was no catheter obstruction or peritoneal fluid extravasation during and after chemotherapy. Conclusion Laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation was safe and feasible for patients with peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. The abdominal exploration, tumor staging and the abdominal chemotherapy device implantation can be completed simultaneously, which could simplify the surgical approach, improve the quality of life for patients and further propose a new direction for the development of abdominal chemotherapy.

Objective:To explore the selection of surgical methods for different sites of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) and the clinical efficacies of these patients.Methods:Forty-seven patients with symptomatic RCC, admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019, were chosen in our study; 21 patients with intrasellar symptomatic RCC accepted surgery via unilateral nasal approach at the right side, 19 patients with intra-suprasellar symptomatic RCC accepted surgery via bilateral nasal approach, 3 patients with suprasellar symptomatic RCC accepted endonasal transsphenoidal surgery under endoscope, and 4 patients with suprasellar symptomatic RCC accepted craniotomy via pterion approach. The clinical efficacies and complications of patients accepted different surgical methods were compared. All patients were followed up for 3-36 months to observe the recurrence.Results:The postoperative symptoms of the patients were effectively improved, including headache relief ratio of 27/31, vision loss improvement ratio of 5/5, high prolactin relief ratio of 11/13, pituitary function improvement ratio of 9/18. Complications occurred in 6 patients, presenting as diabetes insipidus. Four patients recurred during follow-up.Conclusion:Intrasellar and intra-suprasellar symptomatic RCC accepted surgery via endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach are safe and effective; selection of surgical methods for suprasellar symptomatic RCC should be determined according to the sizes and growth directions of cysts.

Objective:To investigate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscope in the transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 20 patients with middle and low rectal cancer who underwent TaTME in the Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from June 2018 to October 2019 were collected. There were 15 males and 5 females, aged from 28 to 81 years, with a median age of 64 years. Of the 20 patients, 10 patients using 3D laparoscopic system for transanal approach of TaTME were divided into 3D group, and 10 patients using two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic system for transanal approach of TaTME were divided into 2D group. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery; (2) postoperative pathological examination; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect survival of patients and recurrence and metastasis of tumors in patients up to April 2020. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Fisher exact propability. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) Intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery: patients in the two groups completed surgeries successfully, without tranversion to laparostomy from laparoscopic surgery, transversion to transabdominal surgery from transanal surgery, or intraoperative death. The cases with terminal ileostomy, cases with manual anstomosis or mechanical anastomosis (anastomotic methods), operation time, volume of intra-operative blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with anastomotic leakage or anastomotic hemorrahge (postoperative short-term complications), cases with anastomotic stenosis of the 3D group were 7, 4, 6, 150 minutes (range, 100-220 minutes), 50 mL (range, 30-100 mL), 8.5 days (range, 7.0-16.0 days), 2, 0, 1, respectively, versus 8, 5, 5, 180 minutes (range, 120-250 minutes), 100 mL (range, 30-200 mL), 9.5 days (range, 6.0-17.0 days), 1, 1, 1 of the 2D group. There was no significant difference in the terminal ileostomy, anastomotic methods, postoperative short-term complications, or anastomotic stenosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, or duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=1.909, 1.827, 0.687, P>0.05). Patients with short-term complications in the two groups were improved after conservative treatments. There was 1 patient with anastomotic stenosis in either group, and they were improved after endoscopic balloon dilatation. (2) Postoperative pathological examination: the maximum tumor diameter, distal margin of the tumor, the number of lymph nodes harvested, cases with cancer nodes in the mesentery, cases with complete mesentery or median complete mesentery (the integrity of mesentery), cases in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ (postoperative pathological stage) of the 3D group were 3.8 cm (range, 1.8-5.0 cm), 1.0 cm (range, 0.5-2.5 cm), 14.5 (range, 6.0-19.0), 1, 9, 1, 4, 2, 4, respectively, versus 4.8 cm (range, 1.0-8.5 cm), 0.8 cm (range, 0.3-1.5 cm), 15.5 (range, 8.0-18.0), 1, 8, 2, 2, 4, 4 of the 2D group. There was no significant difference in the maximum tumor diameter, distal margin of the tumor, the number of lymph nodes harvested, the integrity of mesentery, or postoperative pathological stage between the two groups ( Z=1.673, 1.772, 0.038, 0.610, 0.482, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the cases with cancer nodes in the mesentery between the two groups ( P>0.05). Patients in the two groups had negative distal margin and circumferential margin. (3) Follow-up: patients in the 3D group and 2D group were followed up for 11 months (range, 6-16 months) and 13 months (range, 6-21 months), respectively. During the follow-up, there was no local recurrence, distal metastasis, or tumor-related death. Conclusions:3D laparoscope applied in the TaTME can achieve similar clinical efficacy with 2D laparoscope, which may have a positive impact on the operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss.

Objective:To primarily investigate the application value of glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy system in laparoscopic radical resection of gastrointestinal malignant tumors.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 165 patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors who were admitted to the Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between October 2018 and May 2019 were collected. There were 99 males and 66 females, aged from 28 to 86 years, with a median age of 63 years. There were 68 of 165 patients with gastric cancer and 97 with colorectal cancer. Sixteen patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy using the glasses-free 3D laparoscopy system were divided into glasses-free 3D gastric cancer group, and 52 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy using the polarized glasses 3D laparoscopy system were divided into polarized glasses 3D gastric cancer group. Nineteen patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical colectomy or proctectomy using the glasses-free 3D laparoscopy system were divided into glasses-free 3D colorectal cancer group, and 78 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical colectomy or proctectomy using the polarized glasses 3D laparoscopy system were divided into polarized glasses 3D colorectal cancer group. Observation indicators: (1) operative situations of patients with gastric cancer; (2) postoperative recovery of patients with gastric cancer; (3) postoperative pathological examination results of patients with gastric cancer; (4) operative situations of patients with colorectal cancer; (5) postoperative recovery of patients with colorectal cancer; (6) postoperative pathological examination results of patients with colorectal cancer; (7) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect complications and survival of patients up to the postoperative 30th day. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M ( P25, P75) or M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Operative situations of patients with gastric cancer: all the 68 gastric cancer patients received successfully laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, without intraoperative complication or conversion to laparotomy. Cases with distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy(surgical methods) , operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss were 11, 5, 195 minutes(169 minutes, 214 minutes), 20 mL (10 mL, 90 mL) in patients of the glasses-free 3D gastric cancer group, and 31, 21, 196 minutes(173 minutes, 222 minutes), 40 mL(20 mL, 100 mL) in patients of the polarized glasses 3D gastric cancer group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.432, Z=-0.362, -1.065, P>0.05). (2) Postoperative recovery of patients with gastric cancer: the time to first flatus, time to initial semi-fluid diet intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 2 days(2 days, 3 days), 6 days(5 days, 7 days), 10 days(9 days, 14 days) in patients of the glasses-free 3D gastric cancer group, and 2 days(2 days, 3 days), 6 days(5 days, 6 days), 11 days(9 days, 14 days) in patients of the polarized glasses 3D gastric cancer group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-0.163, -1.870, -0.570, P>0.05). The postoperative complication incidence of the glasses-free 3D gastric cancer group was 12.5%(2/16), including 1 case with duodenal stump fistula, 1 case with anastomotic bleeding. The postoperative complication incidence of the polarized glasses 3D gastric cancer group was 17.3%(9/52), including 2 cases with duodenal stump fistula, 2 cases with delayed gastric emptying, 1 case with pulmonary infection, 1 case with abdominal bleeding, 1 case with anastomotic leakage, 1 case with chylous fistula, 1 case with intestinal obstruction. All the patients with complications were cured after symptomatic supportive treatment. There was no significant difference in the complication incidence between the two groups ( χ2=0.209, P>0.05). (3) Postoperative pathological examination results of patients with gastric cancer: the tumor diameter, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, T4 (tumor T staging), cases with vascular invasion, cases with nerve invasion, cases with tumor nodule, cases in stage N0, N1, N2, N3 (tumor N staging), the number of positive lymph node, the number of lymph node dissected, cases with qualified lymph node dissected, cases in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ (TNM clinical staging) were 3.0 cm(2.0 cm, 5.0 cm), 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 5, 2, 3, 2, 4, 7, 6(1, 15), 28(22, 43), 15, 4, 3, 9, 0 in patients of the glasses-free 3D gastric cancer group, and 3.5 cm(2.0 cm, 6.0 cm), 13, 10, 4, 25, 19, 23, 2, 26, 6, 7, 13, 1(0, 7), 29(21, 39), 43, 21, 10, 20, 1 in patients of the polarized glasses 3D gastric cancer group. There was no significant difference in the tumor diameter, tumor T staging, cases with vascular invasion, cases with nerve invasion, cases with tumor nodule, the number of lymph node dissected, cases with qualified lymph node dissected, TNM clinical staging between the two groups ( Z=-0.570, -0.434, χ2 =0.926, 0.851, 1.655, Z=-0.579, χ2=1.193, Z=-1.134, P>0.05). There were significant differences in the tumor N staging and the number of positive lymph node between the two groups ( Z=-2.167, -2.283, P<0.05). (4) Operative situations of patients with colorectal cancer: all the 97 colorectal cancer patients received successfully laparoscopic radical colectomy or proctectomy, without intraoperative complications or conversion to laparotomy. Cases with radical colectomy or proctectomy (surgical methods), operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss were 7, 12, 132 minutes(97 minutes, 156 minutes), 20 mL(10 mL, 50 mL) in patients of the glasses-free 3D colorectal cancer group, and 40, 38, 124 minutes(110 minutes, 159 minutes), 25 mL(15 mL, 65 mL) in patients of the polarized glasses 3D colorectal cancer group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 =1.276, Z=-0.141, -0.863, P>0.05). (5) Postoperative recovery of patients with colorectal cancer: the time to first flatus, time to initial semi-fluid diet intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 2 days(1 days, 3 days), 5 days(5 days, 6 days), 8 days(7 days, 10 days) in patients of the glasses-free 3D colorectal cancer group, and 2 days(1 days, 3 days), 5 days(4 days, 6 days), 8 days(6 days, 10 days) in patients of the polarized glasses 3D colorectal cancer group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-0.678, -1.751, -1.674, P>0.05). The complication incidence of the glasses-free 3D colorectal cancer group was 15.8%(3/19), including 1 case with anastomotic leakage after low anterior proctectomy, 1 case with incision infection, 1 case with urinary tract infection. The complication incidence of the polarized glasses 3D colorectal cancer group was 14.1%(11/78), including 3 cases with anastomotic leakage after low anterior proctectomy, 2 cases with intestinal obstruction, 2 cases with urinary tract infection, 2 cases with incision infection, 1 case with anastomotic bleeding, 1 case with pulmonary infection. One of the 3 cases with anastomotic leakage after low anterior proctectomy in the polarized glasses 3D colorectal cancer group was cured after remedial terminal ileostomy. The other patients with complications were cured after symptomatic supportive treatment. There was no significant difference in the complication incidence between the two groups ( χ2=0.035, P>0.05). (6) Postoperative pathological examination results of patients with colorectal cancer: the tumor diameter, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, T4 (tumor T staging), cases with vascular invasion, cases with nerve invasion, cases with tumor nodule, cases in stage N0, N1-N2 (tumor N staging), the number of positive lymph node, the number of lymph node dissected, cases with qualified lymph node dissected, cases in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ (TNM clinical staging) were 5.0 cm(3.0 cm, 6.0 cm), 3, 2, 7, 7, 3, 2, 1, 8, 11, 0(0, 4), 17(14, 23), 18, 2, 3, 12, 2 in patients of the glasses-free 3D colorectal cancer group, and 4.0 cm(3.0 cm, 5.0 cm), 7, 16, 43, 12, 14, 12, 7, 46, 32, 0(0, 1), 16(13, 19), 74, 14, 17, 40, 7 in patients of the polarized glasses 3D colorectal cancer group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-0.768, -1.135, χ2 =0.049, 0.292, 0.278, 1.762, Z=-0.694, -1.349, χ2=0.001, Z=-1.011, P>0.05). (7) Follow-up: 165 patients received follow-up, with out short-term reoperation or postoperative death in the postoperative 30 days. Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the efficacy between glasses-free 3D laparoscopic surgery and polarized glasses 3D laparoscopic surgery for radical resection of gastrointestinal malignant tumors, of which the clinical value requires further study.

OBJECTIVETo compare the distribution of (CAG)n and (GGN)n repeats polymorphisms of androgen receptor (AR) gene between Hui and Han ethnic Chinese from Ningxia.

METHODSGenotypes of above repeats were determined with DNA sequencing method.

RESULTSThe distribution of (GGN)n repeats was significantly different between the two ethnic groups (P< 0.01), though no such difference was detected with (CAG)n repeats (P> 0.05). Particularly, Han Chinese women carrying 23 GGN repeats were significantly fewer (48.4%) than Hui women (64.7%, P=0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of GGN repeat is significantly differently among Hui and Han Chinese ethnics from Ningxia.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population Groups ; genetics ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; Trinucleotide Repeats