[Objective]Microsurgical lumbar discectomy(MSLD)and microendoscopic discoectomy(MED)were compared in methods and curative effect for providing the experience and therapy evidence of lumbar disc herniation(LDH).[Method]It was retrospectively analyzed that mono-segment lumbar disc herniation were treated in minimal invasion in our hospital.MSLD was 45 cases and MED was 32 cases.Operation time,operation information,complication,hospital time and curative effect were compared.[Result]The satisfactory rate of two groups were both beyond 90% and no significant deviation was found.The incision of MED was obviously shorter than MSLD and the operation time of MED was longer than latter.[Conclusion]The curative effects of two minimal invasion methods are satisfactory.But the indication of MED is limited obviously and the method has not obvious predominance by compared with MSLD.MSLD is an more ideal minimal invasion operation at present.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is superior to neural stem cell transplantation to repair spinal cord injury; however, the therapeutic effect is unstable and possibly related to microenvironment.OBJECTIVE: To study the differentiation of cultured in vitro bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neurocytes by establishing a microenvironment and to observe differential expression of protein.DESIGN, TIME, AND SETTING: Observational contrast study was performed at the Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University from July 2005 to May 2007.MATERIALS: Adult Wistar rats and newborn fetal rats were used in this study.METHODS: Spinal cord was obtained from fetal rats to culture neurocytes. While, BMSCs were separated from bone marrow of adult rats, and they were then cultured in vitro, proliferated, and labeled with red fluorescin PKH26. BMSCs and neurocytes were individually cultured in the BMSCs group and the neurocyte group, respectively. In addition, BMSCs and neurocytes were co-cultured in vitro in double-layer culture dish in the co-culture group and the layered combination group, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The obtained cells after 7-day culture were immunofluorescently detected by neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technique was used to analyze associated protein that was apparently changed during the differentiation from BMSCs into neurocytes.RESULTS: Seven days after co-culture, BMSCs were morphologically shared like neurocytes. Immunofluorescence indicated that NSE- and GFAP-positive ratios of BMSCs in the co-culture group were significantly higher than the layered combination group (P < 0.05); while, the ratios in the layered combination group were significantly higher than BMSCs alone group (P < 0.05). Five protein expressions were changed during the differentiation from BMSCs into neurocytes, for example, TIP39_RAT and CALC_RAT expressions increased in the layered combination group, which were 5.344 and 2.805 times as the primary expressions; INSL6_RAT, PNOC_RAT, and PCSKI_RAT expressions decreased, which were 0.380, 0.499, and 0.437 times as the primary expressions.CONCLUSION: By a microenvironment, both BMSCs and neurocytes in the co-culture and layered combination groups can differentiate into neuroblasts; while, contact differentiation ratio is higher than non-contract one. The differentiation is closely related to five proteins, including TIP39_RAT, CALC_RAT, INSL6_RAT, PNOC_RAT, and PCSK1_RAT.

Objective To evaluate correlation of radial head fracture with forearm interosseous membrane (IOM) injury.Methods Twenty-six patients with radial head fractures were studied prospectively between September 2007 and June 2010.There were 15 men and 11 women,with an average age of 37.6years (range,21-53).According to the Mason classification,there were 7 cases of type Ⅰ,9 cases of type Ⅱ,10 cases of type ⅢL All patients were subjected to forearm X-ray,CT scans and the MR within a week.Clinical and radiographic data of all the patients were collected.Spearman rank correlation statistical analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the radial head fracture and the IOM injury.Results The radial head fractures and IOM injury were directly related.The IOM injury was noted in all type of radial head fracture.The more severity radial head fracture had,the more IOM injury happened.In Mason Ⅰ-Ⅲ fractures,IOM injury was found in 2,4 and 7 cases respectively.The different degree of radial head fracture caused different effects on IOM injury.The severity of radial head fracture was correlated with damage degree of IOM.In Mason type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ fractures,the IOM injury were just partial disruption with distal part of the IOM and did not reach the biomechanically essential central band.In type Ⅲ fractures,central band disruption was found in 3 cases.Conclusion Mason Ⅰ-Ⅲ radial head fractures are associated with forearm IOM injury.There was a positive correlation between radial head fractures and IOM injury.If IOM lesions are suspected,magnetic resonance imaging should be performed,especially Mason Ⅲ fractures.

OBJECTIVETo study the technology of extracting flavonoids from Choerospondias axillaris by percolation.

METHODThe optimum extraction process was selected by orthogonal design, and the factors of concentration amount of ethanol and soaking time were investigated. Total flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometer to compare the effect of extraction.

RESULTThe optimum extraction process was that added 8 times 60% ethanol and then impregnated for 48 h.

CONCLUSIONThe technology is stable and feasible, it's suitable for industrial production.

Anacardiaceae ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the changes of internal fixation stress under different angles of interior fracture line and different screw placement modes in the case of A?type distal femoral fracture. Methods A 24?year?old healthy male volunteer was recruited to collect the right femur data. CATIA V5R21 software produced a 10 mm fracture gap at the external side of the femur 6.5 cm proximal to the joint line and different angle fracture lines were generated on the internal of the femur at the same height. Based on the actual measured dimensions, the three?dimensional (3D) model of the locking plate and screw was reconstructed using CATIA V5R21 software, ignoring the screw surface threads and then the assembly of the internal fixation of the titanium plate, screws and femur was done. All models were meshed using Hypermesh 13.0 software. The assembled 3D model was input into ABAQUS 6.14 to generate a finite element model. Preliminary finite element biomechanical analysis was performed using the four medial fracture line angles and the stress distribution of the internal fixation under the three screw placement modes, and then the analysis was continued after the optimal screw placement method was re?determined. Results Under an axial loading of 700 N, with the increase of the angle of the fracture line, the stress of the lateral internal fixation gradually increased, and the displacement of the proximal end of the fracture gradually increased. The sequential screw placement method was superior to the leaping screw placement method. The placement of the first screw at the proximal end of the fracture was critical to the distribution of the internal fixation stress. Conclusions The operation plan of the type A of distal femoral fracture needs to be confirmed according to the internal and external fracture′s condition. When the fracture line is at a excessive positive angle or a negative angle, a simple lateral fixation may not provide a stable fracture fixation so that other fixation methods are needed.

Objective To investigate the changes of internal fixation stress under different angles of interior fracture line and different screw placement modes in the case of A?type distal femoral fracture. Methods A 24?year?old healthy male volunteer was recruited to collect the right femur data. CATIA V5R21 software produced a 10 mm fracture gap at the external side of the femur 6.5 cm proximal to the joint line and different angle fracture lines were generated on the internal of the femur at the same height. Based on the actual measured dimensions, the three?dimensional (3D) model of the locking plate and screw was reconstructed using CATIA V5R21 software, ignoring the screw surface threads and then the assembly of the internal fixation of the titanium plate, screws and femur was done. All models were meshed using Hypermesh 13.0 software. The assembled 3D model was input into ABAQUS 6.14 to generate a finite element model. Preliminary finite element biomechanical analysis was performed using the four medial fracture line angles and the stress distribution of the internal fixation under the three screw placement modes, and then the analysis was continued after the optimal screw placement method was re?determined. Results Under an axial loading of 700 N, with the increase of the angle of the fracture line, the stress of the lateral internal fixation gradually increased, and the displacement of the proximal end of the fracture gradually increased. The sequential screw placement method was superior to the leaping screw placement method. The placement of the first screw at the proximal end of the fracture was critical to the distribution of the internal fixation stress. Conclusions The operation plan of the type A of distal femoral fracture needs to be confirmed according to the internal and external fracture′s condition. When the fracture line is at a excessive positive angle or a negative angle, a simple lateral fixation may not provide a stable fracture fixation so that other fixation methods are needed.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of enteric-coated sustained-release new dosage form of tadalafil on mice with renal fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).METHODS:Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups randomly:sham group,UUO group,UUO+new dosage form of tadalafil(1 mg/kg)group and UUO+original patented drug of tadalafil(5 mg/kg)group.Surgery was performed to create a mouse UUO model,and therapeutic drugs were administered intragastrically for 7 d after modeling.A fully automated biochemi-cal analyzer was used to detect serum creatinine(SCr)levels of each group.Through renal histopathological staining(HE staining,Masson trichrome staining,and immunohistochemistry staining)and Western blot,we assessed the therapeutic effect of enteric-coated sustained-release new dosage forms of tadalafil on kidney fibrosis in mice,as well as its effect on the expression and distribution of fibronectin(FN)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the SCr levels were significantly increased in mice with renal fibrosis,and renal tubules were dilated and in-filtrated with inflammation.Moreover,the expressions of FN and α-SMA were increased significantly(P<0.05).New dosage form and the original patented drug tadalafil both significantly reduced SCr levels in mice with renal fibrosis,im-proved the renal tissue structure on the affected side,reduced collagen fiber deposition,and inhibited FN and α-SMA ex-pression(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Enteric-coated sustained-release new dosage form of tadalafil reduces the deposit of extracellular matrix in kidney interstitial tissue and attenuates fibrosis and renal function damage caused by ureteral ob-struction.New dosage form of tadalafil has significant advantages over the original patented drug because the low dose and high effectiveness.

Twenty-one non-anthraquinones constituents were isolated for the first time from an ethanol extract of the roots of Knoxia valerianoides by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified by their physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS. The compounds include ten triterpenoids: ursolic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2), 2-oxo pomolic acid (3), pomolic acid (4), maslinic acid (5), rotungenic acid (6), tormentic accid (7), rotundic acid 3,23-acetonide (8), arjungenin (9), and 2alpha, 3beta, 19alpha, 23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (10), four sitosterones: (24R)-24-ethylcholesta-4,22-dien-3-one (11), 3-oxo-4-en-sitosterone (12), 7-oxostigmasterol (13), and 7-oxo-beta-sitosterol (14), two lignans: eudesmin (15) and ciwujiatone (16), one coumarin: cnidilin (17), and four simple aromatic analogues: 5-hydroxymethylenefural (18), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (19), benzoic acid (20), and 2-hydroxy-5-methxoycinnamaldehydes (21). In the in vitro assays against human cancer cell lines (HCT-8, Bel7402, BGC-823, A549, and A2780), against deserum and glutamate induced PC12-syn cell damage, and against HIV-1 replication, and inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1 B), LPS induced NO production in macrophage, and Fe(2+)-cystine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), no compound showed activity.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Lignans ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the culture of Phellinus igniarius and their phamacological activities.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic data analysis. Cytotoxic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV activities were screened by using cell-based models.

RESULTTwenty-nine constituents were isolated. Their structures were identified as three sesquiterpenes: 3S,9R,10S-3-hydroxy-11, 12-O-isopropyldrimene(1), 3S, 9R, 10S-3, 11, 12-trihydroxydrimene (2), and 3S, 4S, 9R, 10S-11, 12, 14-trihydroxydrimene(3); three steriods: 24R-ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (4), stigmasta-7, 22-diene-3b, 5a, 6a-triol (5), and 5a, 8a-epi dioxyergosta-6, 22-diene-3b-ol (6); fourteen cyclo-dipeptide: cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val) (7), cycle (L-Leu-D-Pro) (8), cyclo (L-Leu-L-Pro) (9), cyclo (ILe-Pro) (10), cyclo (Gly-Leu) (11), cyclo (Phe-Ser) (12), cyclo (Ala-Pro) (13), cyclo (Ala-Phe) (14), cyclo (4-HyP-Phe) (15) , cyclo (L-Phe-D-Pro) (16), cyclo (D-Phe-D-Pro) (17), cyclo (6-HyP-Phe) (18), cycle (Gln-Pro) (19), and cycle (Asn-Leu) (20); and nine other compounds: N-acetyl-phenylalanine (21), adenosine (22), phenyldiethanol (23), o-hydroxy-phenylethanol (24), benzoic acid (25), p-methoxybenzoic acid (26), m-methoxybenzoic acid (27), hexadecanoic acid (28), and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (29). In the in vitro assays, at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 5 and 8 showed neuroprotective activity against MPP+ induced PC12-syn cell damage, with a relative cell proliferation rate of 90.3% and 87.5% (P < 0.05). At 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 12 and 18 showed hepatoprotective activities against DL-galactosamine-induced toxicity examined in WB-F344 cell, with cell survival rates of 25% and 24%, respectivily.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-29 were obtained from P. igniarius for the first time. Compounds 5 and 8 showed potent PC12-syn protective activities, while 12 and 18 showed hepato cytes (WB-F344 cells) protective activities.

Animals ; Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Culture Techniques ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; drug effects ; Rats

To study chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from roots of Machilus yaoshansis. Fifteen compounds were separated from the roots of M. yaoshansis by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data as twelve lignans(+)-guaiacin (1), kadsuralignan C (2), (+)-isolariciresinol (3), 5'-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol (4), (7'S, 8R, 8'R)-lyoniresinol (5), meso-secoisolariciresinol (6), isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (7), 5'-methoxy-isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (8), lyoniresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (9), (2R, 3R) -2, 3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran (10), 3, 5'-dimethoxy-4', 7-epoxy-8, 3'-neolignan-4, 9, 9'-triol (11), nectandrin B (12), and three flavanes(+)-catechin (13), (-)-epicatechin (14), and bis-8, 8'-catechinylmethane (15). All of the compounds 1-15 were separated from M. yaoshansis for the first time.
Butylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Catechin ; chemistry ; Lauraceae ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Naphthols ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry