Objective To evalute the feasibility of a double hand allogroft to reconstuct the limbs'function. Methods A brain dead donor was chosen under the test of blood group in ABO and Rh,HLA match,PRA and the mixed leukocyte culture.The level of the transplantated hands was 5 cm proximal to the wrists The procedure of the allotransplantation was similar to that of the autologous replantation.The immunosuppressants were taken two days before the operation,in the operation and after the operation. The circulation,the vital signs and the rejection were under the supervision. Results The progress was satisfactory. No rejection was found postoperation.After 10 weeks the callus in both ends of radius and ulna was obvious.After 5 months sensation recovered.After 7 months the internal fixation(plates and screws) was removed and tenolysis was done. Now the recipient could use engrafted hands to wash face,make the bed,wear clothes,brush teeth,peel oranges,eat with a spoon,tie the shoelace slowly,pick up a telephoneor and use the conroller of Television. Conclusions With the immunosuppressive agents,the double hands allograft can survive.The growth rate of bone and nerve is faster than that of autologous replantation.

[Objective]Analyzing clinical experience and academic view of Pro. LIAN Jianwei for the treatment of eructation in order to completely learn and master his experience.[Method] Analyzing 4 belching cases of Pro. LIAN, and combining his therapeutic experience and view. [Result] According to the view of Pro. LIAN Jianwei, there are 4 common types in clinic, the type of accumulation in stomach and intestine, the type of spleen and stomach deficiency, the type of liver qi stagnation, the type of liver and spleen disharmony. Promoting digestion and harmonizing stomach to treat the type of food accumulation in stomach;benefiting qi and strengthening spleen to treat the type pf spleen and stomach qi deficiency;smoothing liver and regulating qi to treat type of liver and stomach disharmony; regulating liver and spleen to treat type of liver and spleen disharmony;eliminating damp to treat type of spleen deficiency with damp;activating blood to treat stasis caused by prolonged diseases. Prescriptions of Pro. LIANbased on methods which changed with syndromes. He insisted that treatments base on differentiation;prescriptions base on methods, which make effect well. [Conclusion] It is worthy for our students to learn and imitate clinical experience and academic view of Pro. LIAN Jianwei for the treatment of eructation.

BACKGROUND: In the process of limb allograft, apoptosis of target cell is one of the main mechanisms of dysfunction of allograft, which might lead to the failure of allotransplantation. It is assumed that immunosuppressant may relate with cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of FK506 on Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA expressions and cell apoptosis in rat limb allograft. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal trial was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of First Hospital of Harbin Medical University from June 2005 to November 2006. MATERIALS: Fifty-six clean-grade healthy male SD recipient rats and 56 Wistar donor rats were selected. FK506 was product of Fujisawa, Japan (No. 100143G). METHODS: Right hind limb was separated from the upper segment of thigh of SD rat (donor), and washed using heparin saline. The recipient rates underwent limb allotransplantation from allogenetic Wistar to establish injury model. The recipients were randomly divided into two groups (n=28): immunosuppressant group was injected with FK506 1 mg/kg per day, and the control group was not given any immunosuppressant. The right hind limb including skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles and femoral arteriolar-venular tissue mass were harvested on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bcl-2 Mrna and Bax mRNA expression were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cell apoptosis was detected using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling technique. RESULTS: Fifty-six model rats were included in final analysis. On the 3, 5, and 7 days after FK506 injection, Bcl-2 mRNA expression in immunosuppressant group was significantly higher than the control group (t=7.18-21.20, P

Objective To investigate the role of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of SMAD2 and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of primary gastric carcinoma. Methods Fifty cases of primary gastric carcinoma were monitored by polymerase chain reaction -single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR- SSCP) and silver staining to detect SMAD2 LOH. Results The incidence of LOH was 40.0%(22/45) at D18S450 and 33.3%(16/48)at D18S460 . LOH occurred in SMAD2 was 55.1%(27/49).The rate of SMAD2 LOH was 72.0% (18/25) in primary gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis , which was significantly higher than that in without lymph node metastasis (P

BACKGROUND: Limb allograft is a sort of composite tissues allotrans plantation(CTA), some researches showed that the apoptosis of target cell is one of the main mechanism of the dysfunction of allograft.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic of cell apoptosis in acute rejection of limb allograft in rats based on limb allograft model.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial using the experimental animals as the objects.SETTING: Experimental animal center Laboratory of a hospital of a medical university MATERIALS: The experiment was done in the Experimental Animal Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from November 2003 to May 2004. Totally 56 healthy and male SD rats and 28 Wister rats were involved with body mass of 200 to 250 g. The rats were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. They were randomly divided into two groups:transplantation group with 28 Wistar rats and 28 SD rats and control group with 28 SD rats.INTERVENTIONS: The transplantation group of SD rats underwent limb allotransplantation from allogenetic Wistar. The control group of SD rats underwent limb replantation. The expression of acute rejected in limb allografts was observed. The limb grafts were harvested atday 1, 3, 5 or 7 after transplantation. Histopathological rejection grade of each tissue rejection was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) and apoptotic index(AI) was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: ① istopathological grade of acute rejection in limb allografts ② The relationship between apoptosis and acute rejection in limb allograft in rats; Secondary results:General condition of rats in each group.RESULTS: The limb grafts showed edema and erythema and the skin became red at day(3.43 ±0.79) after transplantation. The average survival time was(7.42 ± 1.72) days. The acute rejection in skin was the strongest. On the day 3, 5 and 7 after operation, the histopathological rejection grades of skins in the transplantation group were(1.14±0.38) ,(2.28 ±0.48) and(2.86 ±0.38) grades respectively. They were significantly different from that of muscle and nerve( P ＜ 0.05 ) . The apoptotic cells in allografts were mainly infiltrating lymphocytes in subcutaneous tissues and then the muscle cells. All was positively correlated with acute rejection grade in limb allograft .CONCLUSION: Apoptosis was involved in acute rejection of limb allograft in rat. The apoptotic index can be used as a quantitative index to estimate the injury of grafts.

Objective:To explore the quality of inventory samples of a biobank stored in a deep freezer from 0 to over 10 years in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Methods:We extracted 24 pairs of stocked gastric cancer samples between 2003 and 2014. We used 1%aga-rose gel electrophoresis to analyze DNA and RNA purity and integrity while adding the RNA integrity number (RIN) for precise analysis. Bicinchonininc acid (BCA) assay was used for protein concentration evaluation. Coomassie brilliant blue method was used for protein integrity assay. Results: The samples were divided into four groups according to cryopreservation period (<2 years, 3-5 years, 6-8 years, and>9 years). No significant difference in DNA integrity was found between the groups (P>0.05);however, DNA degradation in normal gastric mucosa was faster than that in gastric cancer tissue (P=0.023). The RIN significantly declined when the storage period was 6 years or longer (P=0.018). No significant difference in protein concentration was observed between different groups. Using Coo-massie brilliant blue method, we found significant differences in preserved proteins with different molecular weights. Proteins with varying molecular weights were detected in the groups with the following cryopreservation periods:>9 years, a small number of low-molecular-weight (average 36.5 KD) proteins;6-8 years, medium-molecular-weight (average 65.63KD) proteins;3-5 years, high-molecu-lar-weight (average 127.5 KD) proteins;<2 years, high-molecular-weight (average 160 KD) proteins. Conclusion:Cryopreservation does not exert an obvious effect on DNA. If the cryopreservation period is more than 5 years, serious degradation of RNA should occur;like-wise, degradation of proteins with higher molecular weight should occur.

Objective To evaluate family economic burden of children with autism, or with physical disability or with intellectual disability.Methods227 parents of children with autism, children with physical disability, children with intellectual disability and normal children were interviewed for their family economic burden.ResultsThe medical cost and caring cost of children with disability were significantly more than those of normal children, and the education cost, clothes cost and amusement cost of children with disability were significantly less than those of normal children. Family income was only affected by education level of parents. Families of children with disability received more economic assistance than families of normal children except families of autistic children. More children the family had, less economic assistance the family acquired. Compared with normal children, the family economic burden of children with disability were as following, children with autism (19582.4 RMB per year), children with physical disability (16410.1 RMB per year), children with intellectual disability (6391.0 RMB per year). ConclusionFamilies of children with autism, children with physical disability and children with intellectual disability had heavier economic burden than families of normal children.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of five-step 180W XPS greenlight photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP)for large volume (≥80ml) benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:A total of 240 BPH patients (PV≥ 80 ml), treated with five-step 180W XPS PVP from June 2017 to May 2019 in our center, were reviewed retrospectively. The average age was (70.18±7.71) years old, and 129 cases were over 70 years old. The average body mass index was (24.91±2.98 )kg/m 2. The median international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 23 (20, 26) and the quality of life (QOL) score was 5 (4, 5) points. Besides, the preoperative median prostate volume (PV) was 98.29 (86.49, 116.32) ml, the median maximum urinary flow rate (Q max)was 6 (4, 8) ml/s and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) was 120 (30, 200) ml. All patients underwent 180W XPS five-step method PVP operation according to the following method. The first step is vaporization of 1-2 o′clock (left lobe) and 10-11 o′clock (right lobe) in order to establish operating channel. The second step is vaporization of the lateral lobe layer by layer from the ventral side to the dorsal side. The third step is channel establishment of 5/7 o′clock mid lobe parasulcus. The forth step is ablation of the middle lobe laterally. The fifth step is vaporization of the apex of the prostate and trimming. The IPSS score, QOL score, Q max and PVR were evaluated 12 months later after the PVP operation. Results:All the 240 cases were treated by five-step 180W XPS PVP operation successfully. The median operation time and laser time were 83 (73, 98.75) min and 66 (60, 76) min. Capsular perforation was found in 3 cases, which occurred in the trimming stage. There were 9 cases treated with TURP to stop bleeding, and no cases suffered blood transfusion. Twenty-two patients underwent bladder irrigation for 6 to 24 hours after the operation, and the median catheter indwelling time and post-operative hospital stay were 3 (3, 4) days and 4 (3, 5) days respectively. Twenty-six patients suffered urinary incontinence, including 22 cases of urinary incontinence and 4 cases of stress urinary incontinence. In addition, there was no severe hematuria, severe bladder irritation or urinary retention among the patients. The postoperative IPSS score was 5(4, 7), QOL score 1(1, 2), Q max 18(15, 20)ml/s and PVR 10(0, 30)ml, which were all significantly improved compared with those before surgery ( P<0.01). None second PVP surgery was performed. Conclusions:The five-step 180W XPS PVP operation has the advantages of improving lower urinary tract symptoms, less blood loss and low incidence of perioperative adverse events. It is easy to use, which is a reliable minimally surgery.

Objective:To analyze the relevant factors of bacteriological diagnosis rate in pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province, and to provide basis for the control of tuberculosis.Methods:The results of etiology detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2020 were collected from the China Tuberculosis Information Management System. Positive detection of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis cases was analyzed. Joinpoint regression model was constructed to evaluate the annual trend of the positive rate of etiology, and linear regression model was used to analyze the influence of new diagnostic technology on the positive detection rate of etiology in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases.Results:From 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province increased from 38.66%(10 588/27 385) to 64.12%(14 275/22 262), with an average annual growth rate of 8.80%. All of the 11 prefecture cities in Zhejiang Province showed an increasing trend of the positive rate of etiology. The average annual growth rates in Wenzhou City and Lishui City were 10.27% and 11.21%, respectively, and the positive rates of etiology in Jinhua City and Lishui City were 70.13%(2 007/2 862) and 73.34%(707/964) in 2020, respectively. From 2015 to 2020, smear-negative cases accounted for 61.66%(92 935/150 733) in Zhejiang Province, and the further detection rate by culture and molecular test increased from 0.13%(22/16 650) to 84.74%(11 384/13 434). The positive rate of bacteriological tests in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients increased from 0.04%(6/16 650) to 41.28%(5 546/13 434). If the culture and molecular detection rate increased to 100.00%, the linear regression model predicted positive rate of etiology could increase to 44.20%. Thus, the positive rate of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province would reach 66.00%. Up to 2020, 95.56%(86/90) and 92.22%(83/90) of tuberculosis designated hospitals were equipped with molecular and liquid diagnostic equipments, respectively, and the detection positive rates of molecular and liquid diagnostics in the etiology positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases were 71.24%(10 169/14 275) and 53.44%(7 629/14 275), respectively.Conclusions:The implementation and promotion of the new diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis, especially the molecular diagnostic techniques, could significantly improve the positive rate of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis etiology. Methods and strategies of etiological diagnosis of tuberculosis should be paid more attention in prevention and control of tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the culture of Phellinus igniarius and their phamacological activities.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic data analysis. Cytotoxic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV activities were screened by using cell-based models.

RESULTTwenty-nine constituents were isolated. Their structures were identified as three sesquiterpenes: 3S,9R,10S-3-hydroxy-11, 12-O-isopropyldrimene(1), 3S, 9R, 10S-3, 11, 12-trihydroxydrimene (2), and 3S, 4S, 9R, 10S-11, 12, 14-trihydroxydrimene(3); three steriods: 24R-ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (4), stigmasta-7, 22-diene-3b, 5a, 6a-triol (5), and 5a, 8a-epi dioxyergosta-6, 22-diene-3b-ol (6); fourteen cyclo-dipeptide: cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val) (7), cycle (L-Leu-D-Pro) (8), cyclo (L-Leu-L-Pro) (9), cyclo (ILe-Pro) (10), cyclo (Gly-Leu) (11), cyclo (Phe-Ser) (12), cyclo (Ala-Pro) (13), cyclo (Ala-Phe) (14), cyclo (4-HyP-Phe) (15) , cyclo (L-Phe-D-Pro) (16), cyclo (D-Phe-D-Pro) (17), cyclo (6-HyP-Phe) (18), cycle (Gln-Pro) (19), and cycle (Asn-Leu) (20); and nine other compounds: N-acetyl-phenylalanine (21), adenosine (22), phenyldiethanol (23), o-hydroxy-phenylethanol (24), benzoic acid (25), p-methoxybenzoic acid (26), m-methoxybenzoic acid (27), hexadecanoic acid (28), and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (29). In the in vitro assays, at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 5 and 8 showed neuroprotective activity against MPP+ induced PC12-syn cell damage, with a relative cell proliferation rate of 90.3% and 87.5% (P < 0.05). At 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 12 and 18 showed hepatoprotective activities against DL-galactosamine-induced toxicity examined in WB-F344 cell, with cell survival rates of 25% and 24%, respectivily.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-29 were obtained from P. igniarius for the first time. Compounds 5 and 8 showed potent PC12-syn protective activities, while 12 and 18 showed hepato cytes (WB-F344 cells) protective activities.

Animals ; Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Culture Techniques ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; drug effects ; Rats