ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cholinesterase inhibitor on endotoxin-induced brain injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-one healthy male rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups ( n ＝ 7each):group sham operation (group S),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and cholinesterase inhibitor (tacrine hydrochloride,THA) group.LPS 200 μg/kg was intracerebroventricularly injected in LPS group,LPS 200μg/kgand tacrine hydrochloride 150 μg/kg were injected in THA group,while same volume of normal saline was injected in S group.Then blood and tissue samples were collected in different groups after 4 hours.Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activity of brain tissues was determined by using Western blot analysis.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The brain tissue's myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the ratio of wet to dry weight (W/D) were also analyzed.ResultsAs compared with S group,TNF-α level in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues,NF-κB p65 level,MPO activity and W/D ratio increased in LPS and THA groups (P < 0.05).When compared with LPS group,TNF-α level in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues,NF-κB p65 level,MPO activity and W/D ratio decreased in THA group ( P < 0.05 ).ConclusionCholinesterase inhibitor can attenuate the endotoxin-induced brain injury through inhibiting local inflammatory responses.

Objective To determine if stimulation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by vagus can protect liver against sepsis.Methods Male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal methane 1g?kg~(-1).Left common carotid artery,was cannulated for MAP monitoring and blood sampling.Sepsis was produced by ligation of cecum which was punctured twice at an interspace of 3 mm with a 9G needle(CLP).Bilateral vagus nerves were isolated,ligated with 4-0 silk and cut(VGX).The distal end of the vagus nerve was stimulated with direct current(5V,2 ms,1 Hz)continuously for 20 min(STM).Forty animals were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 each):group Ⅰ sham operation;group Ⅱ CLP;group Ⅲ CLP + VGX and group Ⅳ CLP+VGX+STM.Arterial blood samples were obtained at 0,1,2 and 4 h after operation for determination of plasma TNF-? concentration and serum ALT and AST activities.The animals were then killed and the livers removed for ultrastructure examination with electron microscope.Results Electrical stimulation of the distal end of vagus nerve significantly attenuated the significant decrease in MAP and increase in plasma TNF-? concentration and serum AST and ALT activities and the damage to the organelle in the liver cell induced by sepsis.Conclusion Our results show that electrical stimulation of vagus nerve can protect liver from sepsis to some extent through cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Objective To understand the abnormal status of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),fasting blood glucose (GLU),to-tal cholesterol (TC)and triglyceride (TG)in urban and rural residents,to provide the basis for making the effective prevention measures,health education and health promotion to community work more targeted and effective.Methods The data of physical ex-amination results of 4 042 residents were analyzed retrospectively,the levels and abnormal rates of ALT,TG,TC,GLU were com-pared between different gender and age.Results Among 4 042 residents,the abnormal rate of male was significant higher than that of female,but the abnormal rates of TG,TC of female were significant higher than those of male(P <0.05).The highest rates of ALT,TG,TC,GLU in male were in 20-<40 years old,40-<60 years old,60-<80 years old,≥80 years old.The highest rates of ALT,TG,TC,GLU in female were in 0-<20 years old,60 -<80 years old,≥ 80 years old,≥80years old.Conclusion The health status of urban and rural residents is not optimistic,the community intervention,health guidance should be strengthened to prevent and control the occurrence and development of diseases and improve the health level of urban and rural residents.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect and safety of continuous epidural analgesia with sufentanil in different concentrations combined with 0.125% bupivacaine on pain after thoracotomy.Methods30 patients with ASA grade Ⅱ～Ⅲ and underwent thoracotomy were randomly divided into 3 groups treated with 0.125% bupivacaine combined with sufentanil 0.25 μg/ml (group A), 0.50 μg/ml (group B) and 0.75 μg/ml (group C) respectively. Before operation starting, epidural puncture was performed at T7～T8 and a catheter was put in. After operation, continuous epidural analgesia was performed by connecting the catheter and a analgesic pump. Analgesia effect was evaluated by visual analogous score (VAS) at sixth, twelfth, twenty-fourth and forty-eighth hours after operation. Dosage of assistant drug and side effects such as calmness, nausea, vomiting, skin pruritus and respiratory inhibition were also recorded.ResultsVAS scores and dosage of assistant drug of group B and group C were not different, but they were all lower than that of group A (P<0.05). Scores of skin pruritus of group A and group B were lower than that of group C (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group A and group B. No respiratory inhibition occurred in patients of all three groups.ConclusionContinuous epidural analgesia of 0.50 μg/ml sufentanil combined with 0.125% bupivacaine is safe and effective for patients after thoracotomy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of PEEP set according to pressure-volume (P-V) curve for one lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.MethodsOne hundred and twenty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 20-60 yr weighing 40-80 kg undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.Double lumen tube was inserted.Correct positioning was verified by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.The patients were mechanically ventilated.P-V curve was determined at 3 min of two-lung ventilation (TLV).Lower inflection point (LIP) was measured and the pressure at LIP (PLIP) was recorded.The patients were randomly divided into 5 groups (n ＝ 24 each):control group (group C) and 4 lung protective ventilation regimen groups ( groups P1-4 ).PEEP was set at 0 and VT was set at 10 ml/kg in group C.PEEP was set at 0 and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P1.PEEP was set at PLIP- 2 cm H2O and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P2.PEEP was set at PLIP and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P3.PEEP was set at PLIP + 2 cm H2O and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P4.Peak airway pressure (Ppeak),plateau airway pressure (Pplat),airway resistance (Raw) and lung compliance (CL ) were measured and recorded during OLV and TLV after a period of stabilization.Arterial blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia and at 20 min of TLV and 20 min of OLV for blood gas analysis.Qs/Qt was calculated.Arterial blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of OLV for determination of plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α(by ELISA).ResultsCompared with group C,Ppeak and Pplat were significantly increased while Raw was decreased and plasma IL-6 concentration was significantly decreased at the end of OLV in group P4.PaCO2 was significantly higher during TLV and OLV in groups P1-4 than in group C.There was no significant difference in the parameters of respiratory mechanics,blood gases and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations among groups P1,2.3.Compared with groups P1,2,3,Ppeak and Pplat were significantly increased while plasma IL-6 concentration was decreased at the end of OLV in group P4.ConclusionMechanical ventilation with VT set at 6ml/kg and PEEP at PLIP + 2 cm H2 O provides best venfilatory efficacy for OLV in terms of oxygenation and inhibition of inflammatory response.

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside in the tuberous roots of Liriope muscari from different habitats and different harvest time.

METHODA Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with a solvent system consisting of acetonirile-water (46: 54) was used, and detected by ELSD. The temperature of drift tube was 94 degrees C and the nebulizer nitrogen flow rate was 2.5 L x min(-1).

RESULTThe calibration curve of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside showed good linearity in the range of 1.02-12.228 microg and the average recovery was 100.80%, with RSD of 1.8%. 10 batches of L. muscari from different habitats were analyzed, and the contents were 0.25% - 0.41%. The contents of 15 batches from different harvest time were 0.13%-0.38%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and can be used for determination of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside in L. muscari. It provides the valuable basis for quality assessment of L. muscari.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Liriope Plant ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Preparations ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; physiology ; Plant Structures ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Spirostans ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology for a child with profound intellectual disabilities and obvious behavioral abnormalities. METHODS: A male child who had presented at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University on December 2, 2020 was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was carried out to determine its parental origin. The splicing variant was also validated in vitro with a minigene assay. RESULTS: WES results revealed that the child had harbored a novel splicing variant of c.176-2A>G in the PAK3 gene, which was inherited from his mother. The results of minigene assay have confirmed aberrant splicing of exon 2. According to the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, it was classified as a pathogenic variant (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP3). CONCLUSION The novel splicing variant c.176-2A>G of the PAK3 gene probably underlay the disorder in this child. Above finding has expanded the variation spectrum of the PAK3 gene and provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Exons ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Mothers ; Mutation ; p21-Activated Kinases/genetics* ; Parents ; RNA Splicing

OBJECTIVETo understand the current status of disease burden caused by gastric cancer in Jinchang cohort.

METHODSIn this historical cohort study, the data of gastric cancer deaths from 2001 to 2013 and the medical records of gastric cancer cases from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort were collected to analyze the mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL), working PYLL (WPYLL) associated with gastric cancer, and the medical expenditure data were used to evaluate the direct economic burden. Spearman correlation analysis and the average growth rate were used to describe the change trend of disease burden of gastric cancer.

RESULTSA total of 213 gastric cancer deaths occurred in Jinchang cohort from 2001 to 2013. The average annual crude mortality rate of gastric cancer was 38.30 per 100,000 in Jinchang cohort during 2001-2013 and no obvious change was observed. The crude mortality rate in males was 6.84 times higher than that in females. Gastric cancer death mainly occurred in age group 50-79 years (82.62%), while the mortality rates was increasing among the people under 50 years with an average annual increase rate of 0.77%. The annual average PYLL (APYLL) and average WPYLL (AWPYLL) caused by gastric cancer decreased by 8.43% and 10.46%, respectively. No obvious change in medical expenditure of gastric cancer cases was observed in Jinchang Cohort during 2001-2010, and the medical expenditure and average daily cost of hospitalization were 8102.23 Yuan, and 463.45 Yuan per capita, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe burden of disease for gastric cancer was heavy in Jinchang cohort. The PYLL and WPYLL had no change, while the APYLL and AWPYLL showed a increasing trend during the last ten years. Direct economic burden of inpatients with gastric cancer had no change.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; economics ; mortality