Objective To investigate the reasons for the changes of serum ALT, AST after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods 69 patients admitted in Oct, 1999 were randomly divided into two groups. The gallbladder was resected with monopolar cautery laparoscopically and cystic bed was routinely coagulated in 35 patients, group a. The gallbladder was removed with microscissors and the cystic artery was clipped with titanium clip in 34 patients, group B. Hepatic tissue in bulk of 1cm X 1cm and close to the gallbladder bed was sampled for histological study for all patients in the two groups. The serum ALT and AST levels were measured on the 1st, 5th ,postoperative day. Results Comparing with group B, the serum ALT and AST levels in group A were significantly higher on the 1th postoperative day ( P

Objective　To investigate the way of closed establishment of pneumoperitoneum(CEPP) in patients with peritoneal cvity adhesion in laparoscopy cholecystectomy(LC). Methods　CEPP experiences of 1046 patients in 6600 cases LC in our hospital from September 1991 to September 1999 were retrospectively analysed. The difficulty in establishing pneumoperitoneum was divided into two kinds: real establishment pneumoperitoneal difficulty(REPPD) and false establishment pneumoperitoneal difficulty(FEPPD). REPPD was due to Veress needle penetrating into visceral or extensive adhesion in peritoneal cavity resulting in CO2 flowing into difficulty. FEPPD was due to Veress needle pentrating in the fat out of peritoneum, in round hepatic ligament or in greater omentum. The formal situation needed to open laparotomy as a change, and the latter situation could establish pneumoperitoneum successfully by regulating the Veress needle penetrating direction or depth in the second penetration. Results　Of the 1046 patients, 1028 cases had been establishedpneumoperitoneum successfully though CEPP; 6 cases of REPPD and 18 of FEPPD were required opening laparotomy as a change. The successful rate of CEPP was 98.3%. Conclusions　CEPP is a safe and feasible method in patients with peritoneal adhesion in LC. It is the main reason for CEPP failure regarding REPPED as FEPPD made by the deficiency in LC experience and loss confidence in laparoscopist.

Objective To investigate the cause of and management for bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Method Thirty-four bile leakage cases out of 12 000 LC procedure performed in our department were retrospectively analyzed. Results Common bile duct (CBD) transection injury in 6 cases was retrieved by Roux-en -Y choledochojunostomy. Bile leakage caused by clip exfoliation in 3 cases necessitated a reexploration. Injury on CBD lateral wall or right hepatic duct in 7 cases was successfully treated by repair and T-tube stenting. Twenty-one cases of aberrant duct or accessory duct injury were cured by conservative therapy. Subdiaphragmetic abscess developed in 3 cases were cured by puncture and aspiration. Anastomotic stricture in one case after Roux-en-Y choledochojunostomy was cured by redoing Roux-en-Y choledochojunostomy. Conclusions Bile duct injury is the most common cause of bile leakage after LC. Patent drainage, bile duct repair and T tube stenting or choledochojejunostomy are the main method in treating bile leakage after LC.

Objective To investigate the way of closed establishment of pneumoperitoneum(CEPP) in patients with peritoneal cvity adhesion in laparoscopy cholecystectomy(LC). Methods CEPP experiences of 1?046 patients in 6?600 cases LC in our hospital from September 1991 to September 1999 were retrospectively analysed. The difficulty in establishing pneumoperitoneum was divided into two kinds: real establishment pneumoperitoneal difficulty(REPPD) and false establishment pneumoperitoneal difficulty(FEPPD). REPPD was due to Veress needle penetrating into visceral or extensive adhesion in peritoneal cavity resulting in CO 2 flowing into difficulty. FEPPD was due to Veress needle pentrating in the fat out of peritoneum, in round hepatic ligament or in greater omentum. The formal situation needed to open laparotomy as a change, and the latter situation could establish pneumoperitoneum successfully by regulating the Veress needle penetrating direction or depth in the second penetration. Results Of the 1?046 patients, 1?028 cases had been establishedpneumoperitoneum successfully though CEPP; 6 cases of REPPD and 18 of FEPPD were required opening laparotomy as a change. The successful rate of CEPP was 98.3%. Conclusions CEPP is a safe and feasible method in patients with peritoneal adhesion in LC. It is the main reason for CEPP failure regarding REPPED as FEPPD made by the deficiency in LC experience and loss confidence in laparoscopist.

Objective To report a randomized trial in comparing the clinical outcomes of three-port LC versus standard four-port LC. Methods From March 2001 to August 2004, four hundred consecutive patients who underwent elective LC were randomized to receive either the three-port or the four-port technique. All patients were blinded to the type of operation they underwent. Postoperative overall pain and incisional pain at different sites were assessed on the first day after surgery using the Prince-Henry scale. Other outcome measures included length and success of the operation, analgesia requirements, postoperative complications, postoperative stay, and the cosmetic results. Results There was no difference between the two groups in age, sex, weight or other diseases. In terms of outcome, patients in the three-port group had less pain at individual subcostal port sites and better cosmetic results. Success rate, mean operative time, complications, subxiphoid port and overall pain score, analgesia requirements, and postoperative hospital stay were similar between these two groups. Conclusion Three-port LC resulted in less individual port-site pain and similar clinical outcomes but fewer surgical scars compared to four-port LC. The three-port technique is as safe as the standard four-port procedure for LC. Thus, it can be recommended as a routine procedure in elective LC.

Objective To probe the prevention and management of complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Retrospective study was performed on 13 000 patients, who underwent LCs from September 1991 to February 2005 at our department. Results The complication rate was 1. 66% (216 patients) including intraabdominal hemorrhage in 21 patients (0. 16%),bile duct injury in 11 (0. 08% ),gastrointestinal perforation in 7(0. 05% ) , bile leakage in 26(0. 20% ) , retained abdominal tumor in 10(0. 08% ) , retained common bile duct stones in 47(0. 36% ) , intraabdominal abscess in 4(0. 03% ) , upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 2(0. 02% ) , extensive subcutaneous emphysema in 32 (0. 25% ) , port wound infection in 46(0. 35% ) , incisional hernia in 1 (0. 01% ) and deep vein thrombosis in 9 (0.07%). Six patients died postoperatively. Conclusions LC is a safe technique when up-to-date equipment and meticulous dissection techniques are employed. With the routine procedure, LC can be performed more safely.

T his article reported a 37-year-old w om an w ho w as physically attacked by her husband, w hich caused her leg injuries. In the hospital a diagnosis w as m ade of fractures of the right patella and left tibia before she underw ent an operation of open reduction and internal fixation. B ecause the husband re-fused to adm it his fam ily violence com m itted against this w om an; instead he claim ed that her low er lim b fractures belonged to the falling injuries caused by a traffic accident. T he police assigned forensic experts to judicially judge the w om an's injuries. A nd the identification results of X-ray and C T show ed that the transverse fracture of patella had been caused by m uscular violence, and that both direct and indirect force resulted in the injuries of left tibia, and the fracture of left m edial orbital w all m ight have been form ed during the violence. T his article expounded the identification betw een the injuries of fam ily violence and traffic accident by the applications of im aging, w hich em phasized the application value of im aging techniques in clinic forensic science.

AIM:To demonstrate the inhibitoary effects of Longkai Granules(LKG) against experimental prostatic hyperplasia and evaluate its toxicity on animals taking the granules orally. METHODS: The prostate exponent,DNA content in prostate tissue、the activity of acid phosphatase in serum or the wet weight of spermatophores and testicles in normal immature mice and in the hyperplasia model mice induced by subcutaneous injecting testooslerone spropionate or by implanting of the urogenital sinus were determined after administrating of LKG intragastrically to the mice.The single maximum dosage of LKG in mice and its long-term(13 weeks) toxicity in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs in orally was evaluated. RESULTS: LKG could decrease the weights of prostates and DNA content in the tissue in the normal immature mice in the amount of 20 and 40 g/kg once a day.LKG,in the amount of both 10,20 and 40 g/kg for 10 days and 20 and 40 g/kg for 30 days,could inhibit the hyperplasia of ventral prostates in the model mice induced respectively by the injection of testooslerone spropionate and by implanting urogenital sinus.LKG,in the(amount) of 100 g/kg for 13 weeks to Wistar rats,would lead to prostatic atraphy in alight degree,and its epithelial cells change in shape from column to flat and prostatic cavity being small,which did not recover in 4 weeks after stopping administration of tested drug to the animals.The single maximum dosage by ig in mice was 200 g/kg.There was no significant toxicity reaction in rats in the amount of 10,40 and 100 g/kg for 13 weeks or in Beagle dogs in the amount of 12 and 60 g/kg for 13 weeks. CONCLUSION: LKG can inhibit the prostatic hyperplasia and shows no visible toxic reaction in animals orally.

Practical ability training is one of the core tasks during the education for master of public health (MPH).We got a deeper understanding of practical ability cultivation situation for MPH in our school and got a more accurate recognition of the existed problems through conducting questionnaire for three grades MPH of professional degree and related tutors.We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mode and reflected on curriculum design,teaching method reform and practical ability training reform,etc based on the results of the questionnaire and years of experiences.

Objective Create patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of bone and soft tissue sarcoma,and analyze the success rate of PDX model,observe the effects of chemotherapy on PDX models and its coincidence,and provide a theoretical basis for screening sensitive second and third line drugs.Methods Collected 31 cases of bone and soft tissue sarcoma from January 2015 to May 2016,which included 12 male and 19 female,with an average age of (28.5±19.9) y.The tumor tissue was obtained the day of operation,and it was cut into 2 mm3 pieces and injected into the flank of BAL B/C nude mice or SCID mice.Tumor was passaged when the diameter reached 1-2 cm and the P0 tissue was froze.If there was no obvious tumor mass grows out for 3 months,the model creation will be stopped.We inoculated the mice with patients sample with or without chemotherapy,observed the effect of chemotherapy on the success rate of PDX modeling and the success rate of modeling of different pathological types,and also observed the relationship between the success rate of PDX modeling and the prognosis of patients.For the drug sensitivity test,3 mice was used in each group,and chemotherapy was given,T/C was used to evaluate the inhibition ratio after drug treatment.Results 31 PDX models were inoculated.The total success rate is 45.2％.Pathology of the PDX models and their success rates:24 osteosarcoma models,success rate is 37％;2 leiomyosarcoma models,success rate is 100％;2 chondrosarcoma models,success rate is 50％;1 Ewing sarcoma model successed;1 fibrosarcoma model and 1 synovial sarcoma model,were not successed.Post chemotherapy model success rate is 33％ (4/12),compared with 53％(10/19) of model success rate that without chemotherapy.And there is relationship between success rate of PDX model creation and patient outcome.The faster the PDX model creation,the worse the outcome.The drug sensitivity of PDX model coincides the clinical situation.Conclusion The success rate of creating PDX model of bone and soft tissue sarcoma is around 30％-40％,and it is related to the pathology and whether got chemotherapy or not,PDX models coincide sarcomas clinical situation,and it is hopefully to use PDX model in selecting personalized drugs.