Objective To identify the role of paravertebral muscles in the pathogenesis of scoliosis.MethodsParavertebral muscles were gotten from the 37 patients(12 congenital scoliosis patients and 25 idiopathic scoliosis patients) during the operations.Cryostat sections were cut by 10 μm nd stained with H&E,m-GT,NADH-TR,ATPase.ResultsMyogenic changes,incuding muscle fibrosis,fiber necrosis,etc,were common in paravertebral muscles of scoliosis patients,however regenerating fibers were quite rare.Diffuse fibrosis and remarkablely disorganized fiber directions presented in most of congenital scoliosis patients,while focal fibrosis without necrosis in most of idiopathic scoliosis patients.Neurogenic changes were found in one congenital scoliosis patient and 4 idiopathic scoliosis patients,however four of the five patients had undergone orthopedics.Thickened capsule wall of muscle spindles and connective tissue infiltration in muscle spindles were found in both kinds of scoliosis.ConclusionThere are some differences on pathological changes of paravertebral muscles between congenital scoliosis and idiopathic scoliosis,which indicates that paravertebral muscles may play a special role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) in treating osteogenic disorders and the ideal energy level. MethodsAfter success in marrow aspiration from patients' iliac crest, hMSCs were isolated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in a 5% CO2 and 37 ℃ incubator. Optimal ESW dose was determined by MTT of kinase-marked cytobiology. After hMSCs were exposed to ESW, their morphocytologic change, rate of adherence and doubling time were observed with IPCM. Enzyme cytochemistry reaction for the activity of alkaline phosphatase was also examined. ResultsESW of 5 kV and 100 times could increase cells' viability and proliferation (P<0.01), but higher than 7 kV would inhibit them. Rate of adherence of hMSCs in exposure group of passage 5 reached to 61.54%, which was significantly different from control group(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the MSCs' doubling time was short for 1.72 d (P<0.05). The curve of normal alkaline phosphatase activity of hMSCs was like type S, but ESW shortened its latent period, and promoted its peak time, which was significantly different from control group.ConclusionESW of 5 kV and 100 times can optimally promote the proliferation and activity of osteogen of hMSCs in vitro.

With the emergence and development of new dental materials, chairside computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) materials, as an important part of digital technology, is gaining increasing progress to meet the needs of implant restorations and digital processing technology for the mechanical properties, chemical stability, biocompatibility and processing properties. A large number of in-vitro experiments and clinical studies have been reported on various materials, such as polycrystalline ceramic, glass ceramic and indirect composite. The purpose of this article is to review the performance, the clinical indications and applications of the CAD/CAM materials for chairside digital workflow in implant prosthodontics.