Objective:To investigate the frequency and severity of systemic adverse reactions in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).Methods:The clinical data of 321 children with allergic rhinitis receiving SCIT at Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Changzhou Third People′s Hospital from January 2016 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 180 boys and 141 girls aged 5 to 14 years. Patients were injected subcutaneously with standardized dust mites allergen extract. The onset time, symptoms and signs and treatment of adverse reactions were documented. The relationship of adverse reactions with gender, age, treatment course and dosage of allergen injection were analyzed.Results:Patients received total 13 053 injections, and 115 adverse reactions (0.88%) occurred in 56 cases (17.45%). The incidence of adverse reactions in children aged 5-9 years was higher than in those aged 10-14 years, for both the number of cases and injections (χ2=4.41, P=0.04; χ2=9.13, P<0.01), but no significant differences were observed in gender of patients. The incidence of adverse reactions in the age group 2-3 years was lower than that in age groups<1 year and 1-<2 years in both of cases and injections (χ2=22.86, P<0.01; χ2=6.43, P=0.01; χ2=12.14, P<0.01; χ2=13.74, P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions in the high-dosage phase (100 000 SQ-U) was higher than that in the low-dosage phase (<100 000 SQ-U) (χ2=4.35, P=0.04). Conclusions:The study shows that the incidence of adverse reactions in children with allergic rhinitis receiving subcutaneous immunotherapy is less than 1% in the number of injections and most of them are grade Ⅰ adverse reactions. The study also shows that younger age, the early course of treatment and the high dosage of allergens are risk factors for adverse reactions.

To cope with the " six major scientific problems" and the " five major technical challenges" of intelligent manufacturing and lean production of Chinese medicine( CM),we systematically proposed strategies,methods and the engineering theory of intelligent and lean manufacturing for CM by integrating the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine and the concepts inspired from international advanced pharmaceutical technology. Moreover,the translational research of the theory and methods was successfully applied to six CMs such as Xuesaitong Injection. Several intelligent production lines were designed and built on the basis of the theory and methods,which greatly accelerated the digitalization,networking,and intelligence manufacture for CM. As a conclusion,the theory and applications provide technical demonstration for technical upgrading and high-quality development of CM industry.
Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Translational Research, Biomedical