Objective To analyze the causes of residual gallbladder disease after claparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods From Feb-ruary 2006 to February 2013, there were 30 patients with residual gallbladder disease after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and they were given second surgery in our hospital. Results The residual gallbladder lesions were successfully removed. Symtoms before operation were relieved or disappear. The average duration of hospital stays was 8. 2 d. The difference between before and after surgery was statistically significant(P<0. 05). There were 2 cases of delayed wound healing, and the others were of good curative effect. And blood test indicators of all the pa-tients recovered to normal when they leave hospital. Conclusion The surgery was carried out strictly accordding to the relevant procedure to prevent the occurrence of residual cystic lesions. If the patients were found to have obvious symptoms of residual gallbladder disease,they should be early diagnosed and recieved second surgery as soon as possible so as to cure disease and improve quality of life after surgery.

The evaluation of the immunosuppression state in liver transplanted recipients is vital for a correct posttransplantation management and a major step towards the personalized treatment of the immunosuppression.To date,immunological monitoring after liver transplantation relies mainly on clinical judgment and pathological examination of the graft,without a proper assessment of the actual state.Previous studies have ever identified many markers for acute rejection(AR) and immune tolerance after liver transplantation.Many markers for AR are pro-inflammatory or immunoregulatory cytokines and other proteins related to inflammation.However,many markers have been proved to be also able to predict other diseases and only a few of the markers for AR have been validated.Standard liver tests cannot be used as markers for graft rejection due to the low sensitivity and specificity.This review summarized the potential markers for AR and immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on published literatures in recent years and to provide evidence for clinical application.

Objective To compare the diversity of mitochondrial genomes of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mainland of China. Methods According to the population genetic of A. cantonensis,seven female worms were selected to characterize the mi-tochondrial(MT)genomes. Twelve primer pairs based on known MT genome(GQ398121)were used for PCR. The target frag-ments were sequenced and aligned. The gene localization,genome structure,composition of nucleotide,distribution of variable sites,and phylogeny were analyzed by employing multiple softwares. Results Five distinct types were identified from seven com-plete MT genomes. They were similar in size and structure,i.e.,ranging 13 491-13 502 bp,including 12 protein-coding genes,2 ribosomal genes,22 tRNA genes,and 2 major non-coding regions. All the genes were localized at the same strand and had the same transcription direction. A total of 745 variable sites were identified,accounting for 5.5%. Among the variable sites,59 were deletion/insert mutations,105 transversions,and 581 transitions. The variable sites distributed evenly at the complete genome. Conclusion The study reveals the mutation profile in the whole MT genome of A. cantonensis and thus will facilitate the develop-ment of intraspecific differential diagnosis.

ABSTRACT:To explore the feasibility of DNA barcoding in the identification of sandflies ,the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of 9 dominant species in China from three genera in the Phlebotominae were studied .The in‐traspecies and interspecies genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura‐2‐parameter model ,and the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by neighbor‐joining (NJ) method .Results showed that all of sandflies species were successfully distinguish‐ed by the phylogenetic trees .The average intraspecific genetic distance (0 .8% ) was much less than the average interspecific ge‐netic distance (11 .2% ) .The study based on COI sequences indicates that the sandflies from China could be well distinguished with the commonly used COI barcodes ,which are potentially well utilized in sandflies species identification .

Malaria remains one of the most serious public health problems in tropical and subtropical countries and regions. In the control of the vector Anopheles, insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, which have been promoted to interrupt malaria transmission by only preventing indoor blood-sucking by adult mosquitoes, consequently have been widely used in malaria-endemic areas. However, the efficacy of these measures in interrupting malaria transmission is gradually decreasing due to the development of mosquito resistance. In contrast, Anopheles larval source management can effectively reduce the population density of indoor and outdoor blood-sucking, wild and domestic mosquitoes. It can also be combined with adult mosquito control to become an important adjunct to existing adult mosquito control measures. In more than 70 years of malaria control and elimination in China, according to different conditions in different places, exploration and practice have been carried out in different types of control of malaria Anopheles larvae, such as habitat modification, habitat manipulation, larviciding, and biological control. These efforts have accumulated rich experience and resulted in strategies tailored to local conditions, integrated control, community involvement, and methodological innovation. This paper outlines the main practices and basic strategies of Anopheles larval source management for malaria control in China, with the aim of providing references for malaria control in other regions where malaria is still endemic.

Objective To explore the effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)combined with antrum mucosal protein-18 (AMP-18)on the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO),nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB)and epidermal growth factor (EGF)in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)in-duced colitis rats.Methods 40 male sprague-dawley (SD)rats were randomly divided into group A,B,C and D.After the production of colitis,10 rats in each group were given the following topical treatments respectively:group A,normal saline;group B,5-ASA at the dose of 100 mg/kg;group C,AMP-18 at the dose of 10 mg/kg;group D,5-ASA and AMP-18.Animals were sacrificed at the 4th and 8th day after topical treatment.The macroscopic and histological changes of the colon were e-valuated and scored.MPO activity of the mucosa was detected by biochemical methods.Expressions of serum EGF and tissue NF-kB were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively.Re-sults Compared with group A,macroscopic and histological scores and MPO activity in group B,C and D significantly decreased (P <0.05 ).Expressions of serum EGF were significantly higher in group B,C and D than in group A (P <0.01),while the expressions of tissue NF-kB significantly decreased (P <0 .0 5 ).The combination ofAMP -1 8 with 5 -ASA showed a better effect than single use of AMP -1 8 or 5 -ASA .Conclusion Topical treatment with 5 -ASA and AMP -1 8 shows a positive effect in treating TNBS-induced colitis rats,and combined treatment is better than single treatment.The mechanism is related to decreasing of content of colonic MPO,down-regulation of NF-kB and up-expression of EGF.

Objective To explore the effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)combined with antrum mucosal protein-18 (AMP-18)on the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO),nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB)and epidermal growth factor (EGF)in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)in-duced colitis rats.Methods 40 male sprague-dawley (SD)rats were randomly divided into group A,B,C and D.After the production of colitis,10 rats in each group were given the following topical treatments respectively:group A,normal saline;group B,5-ASA at the dose of 100 mg/kg;group C,AMP-18 at the dose of 10 mg/kg;group D,5-ASA and AMP-18.Animals were sacrificed at the 4th and 8th day after topical treatment.The macroscopic and histological changes of the colon were e-valuated and scored.MPO activity of the mucosa was detected by biochemical methods.Expressions of serum EGF and tissue NF-kB were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively.Re-sults Compared with group A,macroscopic and histological scores and MPO activity in group B,C and D significantly decreased (P <0.05 ).Expressions of serum EGF were significantly higher in group B,C and D than in group A (P <0.01),while the expressions of tissue NF-kB significantly decreased (P <0 .0 5 ).The combination ofAMP -1 8 with 5 -ASA showed a better effect than single use of AMP -1 8 or 5 -ASA .Conclusion Topical treatment with 5 -ASA and AMP -1 8 shows a positive effect in treating TNBS-induced colitis rats,and combined treatment is better than single treatment.The mechanism is related to decreasing of content of colonic MPO,down-regulation of NF-kB and up-expression of EGF.

Objective To assess the efficacy, safety and surgical strategies of clipping without coil removal in recurrent aneurysms after previous coil embolization. Methods Five patients with recurrent embolized aneurysms underwent microsurgical treatment in our hospital from May 2012 to July 2014 were chosen. Posterior communicating aneurysms were noted in two patients and anterior communicating ones in three patients. The initial sizes ranged from 3-10 mm in diameter; in these aneurysms, the initial coiling results indicated complete occlusion in 5 patients. The mean recurrence latency was 14 months (ranged from 0.7-30 months). Surgical treatment without coil removal in recurrent aneurysms was performed and their clinical data and treatment efficacy were retrospectively analyzed. Results Microsurgical clippings without coil removal were used in all 5 patients. No postoperative morbidity was observed (one had left arm monoparesis, one had psychiatric symptoms, and one had blepharoptosis and recovered soon); postoperative imaging studies revealed complete occlusion of the aneurysms. There were no recurrent aneurysms during the follow-up period (6 and 12 months after surgery) by CT scan. Conclusion The microsurgical clipping without coil removal for recurrent lesions of embolized aneurysms is effective and safe when it is technically feasible.

Objective To analyze the safety of renal transplant from donors with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 33 donors with primary CNS tumors and the 63 corresponding renal recipients between January 2013 and December 2016 in Tongji Hospital.Results The mean period from diagnosis as primary CNS tumor to donation was about (21.8± 46.4) months (range:0.5 to 192.0 months).The pathological classification of these tumors included gliomas,meningioma,medulloblastoma,etc.Besides,there were 10 donors with high-grade CNS malignancies.Eleven donors have ever been through at least one of the four treatments (craniotomy,V-P/V-A shunt,radiotherapy and chemotherapy),14 donors have undergone none,and the clinical data of rest were unavailable.All the 63 recipients got well renal function after transplant.During an average follow-up of (15.9 ± 8.2) months (range:2.7 to 35.5 months),one recipient got donor-derived rhabdoid tumor 4 months posttransplant,underwent comprehensive treatments,including allograft nephrectomy,radiotherapy,chemotherpy and returned to hemodialysis,while the 62 cases got no donor-derived tumors.Conclusion Tumor transmission of renal allograft from donors with primary CNS tumors is inevitable but with low risk,which means this kind of donors can be used with careful assessment,full informed consent and good balance between wait-list death and tumor transmission.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Wuhan from 2011 to 2020, and to provide a basis for the scientific development of interventions and strategies. Methods: Epidemiological distribution, time of onset and treatment, as well as treatment outcomes of student tuberculosis in Wuhan from 2011 to 2020 registered in the national tuberculosis information management system were described. Results: During 2011-2020, 4 337 student tuberculosis patients in Wuhan were registered. The average annual incidence rate was 22.44/10 million, and the annual decreasing rate of 7.86% The incidence of male and female patients was 1.76:1, and the incidence rate of male was higher than that of female( χ 2=184.18, P <0.01). Most of patients aged 19-22 years old, accounting for 47.89%; Tuberculosis reports were highest during March to May, and September to November, and lowest during January to February, and July to August. Student patients were mainly concentrated in Hongshan District, Jiangxia District and Wuchang District, where schools were more distributed in Hongshan District, Dongxihu District, Wuchang District and Xinzhou District. The median duration from tuberculosis onset to treatment was 9(3, 21) days, which varied significantly by region, age, nationality, and patient residence ( Z =-9.25, 47.14, 9.88,43.96, P <0.01). The treatment and outcome of student tuberculosis patients were varied significantly by year and nationality( P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of student tuberculosis in Wuhan City showed a slow downward trend. Most of student tuberculosis are college and high school students. Time and place of case detection are relatively fixed. The time of treatment and the outcome of treatment vary significantly. Tuberculosis prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to the local conditions according to the tuberculosis distribution characteristics, as well as enhancing surveillance, health promotion, active discovery and supervision management of tuberculosis in school settings.