New technologies and ideas are constantly emerging recently. With the arrival of the era of minimally invasive surgery, most of the colorectal cancer surgeries can be conducted through minimally invasive techniques. In this study, we discuss the status, characteristics, controversy, and consensus of minimally invasive techniques in colorectal cancer surgery.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of superselective renal artery embolization in the treatment of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 31 iatrogenic renal hemorrhage patients who had underwent superselective renal artery embolization were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were found to have bleeding site by contrast examination, including pseudoaneurysm in 21 cases, renal arteriovenous fistula in 3 cases, extravasation of contrast media in 4 cases, and pseudoaneurysm and renal arteriovenous fistula in 3 cases. Microcoil embolization was used in 20 patients, and microcoil embolization combined with gelatin sponge was used in 12 patients. Thirty patients got successful embolization once, and success rate was 96.8%(30/31). One patient got successful embolization in the second time. There were no serious complications and no recurrence of renal hemorrhage. Conclusions Superselective renal artery embolization in the treatment of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage has the advantages of exact hemostasis, less trauma and fewer complication, and can retain the normal renal tissue maximumly.

Expansive type of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a subtype of HCC. Correlation between the preoperative sonography and postoperative pathology was studied in 35 cases of HCC. According to the classification of nakashima, 21 cases belonged to the expansive type whereas the other 14 cases the infiltrative type. Different from the infiltrative type. the expansive type of HCC had four specific sonographic appearances: hypoechoic ring, hypoechcic halo, pedunculated and small nodular echo which had different pathological bases. Expansive tyje of HCC was not so commonly seen as infiltative type but its rate of surgical resection was mu~h higher than that of infiltratine type (JP< 0. 01). Thus, it is the kind of HCC with significant clinical importance. Preoperative ultrasonographic diagnosis help to decide the way of treatment.

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the instructional design of ＂General survey of medical culture＂,to provide the basis for the implementation of the teaching.MethodsThe first round of our teaching situation was concluded,to improve the teaching objectives,content,methods and the content and methods of teaching evaluation.Results The course is a new medical humanities curriculum to improve medical knowledge of the human spirit of nursing students,training the cultural literacy,but the teaching content should be combined with professional features,and teaching evaluation methods should be improved.ConclusionsRigorous designed curriculum,flexible and diverse teaching methods and forms of assessment and suggestions from the students are conducive to the improvement of the course.

Objective To summarize the main nursing point and experience of allogeneic small bowel transplantation.Methods One case underwent allogeneic small bowel transplantation in our hospital on the first of December 2010,the nursing measures were summarized.Results The patient passed the operation well-off,and survived the infection phase and repulsion phase in the transplantation ward.Conclusions Valid preoperative evaluation,taking active measures to prevent intraoperative hypothermia and infection,using self-made vacuum pads to prevent pressure sores during operation,are the guarantees for successful operation.

Myasthenia gravis is autoimmune diseases which mediated with acetylcholine receptor antibody.Based on the studies in rencent years,treatment of MG has made great progress.Thisreview will discuss several aspects,such as immune tolerance induced by dendritic cells,blocking monoclonal antibodies,hematopoietic stem cell transplantion,and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Objective To investigate the effects of biological characters of the human ovarian cell line (OVCAR) by stable transfection short hairpin RNA into the target HMGA1 gene. Methods Experiments were divided into two groups: transfected the OVCAR cells with pSilence4. 1-CMV-Hs plasmid as group A, while transfected OVCAR cells with pSilence4. 1-CMV-Hn plasmid as group B, in which stably transfected cells were gained by antibiotic screening. The comparative expressions of HMGA1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was applied to measure cell proliferation and at the same time, the cell growth curve was also be mapped. Vitro invasion assay was used to observe the invasion ability of the cancer cells, and the tumor growth of the nude mice inoculated of tumor cells were compared with before and after transfection. Results In group A, the expression level of mRNA and protein HMGA1 gene in OVCAR cells were remarkably reduced before and after the stable transfected with HMGA1 siRNA, in which the percents of mRNA expression were [(86.3±2.7) % vs. (35.8± 3.1) %, P<0.05], the expression of protein were [(68.6±2.8) % vs. (22.3±4.2) %, P<0.05)]. The OVCAR cell growth in stable transfection status was more significantly decreased than that in non-transfection status (P<0.05). In group B, there were no statistical difference in the expression of HMGA1 siRNA, protein and the cell growth between before and after transfection states (P>0.05). The invasion cell numbers were reduced from before to after transfection state in group A [(53±6)vs. (21±6), P< 0.05] ,while there was no significant difference in group B [(51±6)vs. (47±8), P>0.05]. After inoculated transfected cells into nude mice, it took (6.0±0.9) days to grow the planed tumors in group A, which was much shorter than that (12.3±3.9) days in group B (P<0.05 ). After 5 weeks, the tumor weight and volume in group A was were significantly lower than those in group B [(0.8±0.3)g vs. (2.1± 0.4)g, (205±34)mm~3 vs. (987±82) mm~3, all P <0.05]. Conclusion HMGA1 siRNA could remarkably reduce the expression of HMGA1 gene in ovarian cell and also inhabit the ovarian cell growth.

Objective To investigate the role of survivin gene in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EMs). Methods The expressions of survivin in endometriosis and normal endometrium tissue were determined ; the effects of GnRHa and COX-2 on the expression of survivin mRNA in endometriosis and normal endometrium in vitro and the effects of GnRHa and COX-2 on the apoptosis index in the cultured ectopie endometrial cells were investigated. Re-sults ①The expression of survivin mRNA was higher in patients with endometriosis than that of healthy controls (P <0.01) ,with no cyclical variation. ②GnBHa exerted a dose-dependent suppression of survivin mRNA expres-sion in cultured ectopic endometrioma cells as well as COX-2. The significant suppression was observed at the 100μg/L concentration of GnRHa and at the 40 μmol/L concentration of COX-2. No cooperation was found between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion ①The up-regulation of survivin mRNA expression may reduce the sensitivity of en-dometriotic cells to apeptosis. Elevated expression of survivin mRNA in ectopic endometrium may have important im-plications for the survival and proliferation of the ectopic endometrial tissue.②Both GnRHa and COX-2 can promote apoptosis by inhibiting survivin mRNA expression in ectopic endometrioma cells in vitro.

The humanistic quality education of undergraduate clinical medical students is a system of education throughout the whole process of medical education.Some aspects include new career planning education,medical humanities quality courses,social practice,professional courses,clinical practice and evaluation of humanistic quality education need to design and control,which are necessary to achieve a good education results.

[Summary] Transplantation of human cell, tissue or organ is an effective means to cure completely the disease. Animal experiments and clinical studies have demonstrated that the efficacies of transplantation are obvious in the treatment of hypothyroidism. In recent years, thyroid stem cell transplantation has drawn much attention, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adult stem cells had also made progress in clinical investigations. Especially the embryonic stem cell transplantation has been used successfully in animal experiments. It provided a new perspective for clinical thyroid transplantation, but it also faces many problems to solve.