Adolescent ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; adverse effects

AIMBy genechip cDNA microarray, the genes expressions of Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (Scd-2) and brain fatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP) were studied in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mice to discuss the mechanism of exercise-induced fatigue.

METHODSBuilding the model of fatigued animal and using the genechip cDNA microarray, the genes expressions were analyzed between the control group and fatigue group mice.

RESULTSThe genes expression of Scd-2 and B-FABP were obvious different in the brain of fatigued group mice than of control group.

CONCLUSIONExercise-induced nerve center fatigue is correlated with genes expressions of lipid metabolism.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain ; metabolism ; Fatigue ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7 ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase ; genetics ; metabolism

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) belongs to the transmembrane glycoprotein receptor family. Overexpression of HER2 could directly lead to tumorigenesis and metastasis. This phenomenon could be observed in the breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. Compared with the conventional chemotherapy, the targeted treatment of antibody is more specific and has lower side effects. This review describes the current status of monotherapy and combination therapies of anti-HER2 antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, with chemotherapeutic drugs. The development trends of new formats of anti-HER2 antibody drugs such as bispecific antibody, immunotoxin are also discussed.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; therapeutic use ; Immunotoxins ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Monoclonal antibody-targeted therapy has been a hot spot in current clinical cancer treatment. As current antibody drugs have large molecule sizes leading to poor tissue penetration, and high dosage in clinical application leading to high cost, to overcome the problems, the development of new antibody drugs with miniaturization and high potency has become a new trend. In recent years, the conjugates of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxins, called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), have entered the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs, becoming a new format of antibody drugs and attracting extensive attentions. The ADC molecule usually consists of antibody, linker and effector molecule. According to different effector molecules, ADCs can be divided into three categories as chemo-conjugates, immunotoxins and radio-conjugates. When ADC molecules are internalized into cancer cells, cytotoxins will be released by chemical, enzyme degradation or by action of lysosomal proteases, then kill targeted cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, depolymerizing microtubules or breaking double-strand DNA. Recently, two ADC drugs have been approved by the US FDA and more ADC drug candidates are in clinical phase II or III trials which show significantly clinical effects and attracting much attention and competition of pharmaceutical enterprises. In this review, antibody conjugates in the past and present will be summarized and the future development trends and challenges of this type of antibody drugs will be discussed.
Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Immunotoxins ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Radioimmunotherapy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the digestive system manifestations in children infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus.

METHODSA prospective study of 153 children infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from November 2009 to January 2010 was conducted. The clinical features and outcomes of 69 children with digestive system manifestations were analyzed.

RESULTSThe children presenting with digestive system manifestations accounted for 45% (69 cases) in the 153 hospitalized children with novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. Gastrointestinal manifestations were observed in 50 cases (33%) and liver function abnormality in 19 cases (12%). The incidence rate of coma, neurological complications, increase in creative kinase level, ICU admission, and death in the patients with digestive system manifestations were significantly higher than those without digestive system manifestations (P<0.05). In the 69 patients with digestive system manifestations, 5 died from severe complications and 64 recovered fully. Gastrointestinal manifestations disappeared through 1 to 3 days and abnormal liver function recovered through 4 to 7 days.

CONCLUSIONSDigestive system manifestations are common in children infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Neurological system involvements are more common in the patients with digestive system manifestations than those without.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Digestive System Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; Male ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) on the quality of life in aged patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). METHODS: Altogether 358 BPH patients were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the 5-Item Version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5),Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) questionnaires, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS),residual urine volume (RUV), and maximum flow rate(Qmax) before and at 3 months after they underwent TURP. RESULTS: The mean scores of IPSS, QOLS, SAS, and SDS, and mean RUV decreased, and mean Qmax increased significantly at 3 months after receiving operation compared with those before the treatment in aged patients with BPH. But no significant difference was found in the scores of IIEF-5 between post-operation and pre-operation. CONCLUSION TURP may alleviate BPH clinical symptoms and improve quality of life, but may not be helpful to the recovery of sexual function in aged patients with BPH.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; adverse effects ; methods

OBJECTIVES: To study the features of intestinal flora in children with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP) by high-throughput sequencing. METHODS: A total of 31 children, aged <6 months, who experienced FPIP after exclusive breastfeeding and attended the outpatient service of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from October 2018 to February 2021 were enrolled as the FPIP group. Thirty-one healthy infants were enrolled as the control group. Fecal samples were collected to extract DNA for PCR amplification. High-throughput sequencing was used to perform a bioinformatics analysis of 16S rDNA V3-V4 fragments in fecal samples. RESULTS: The diversity analysis of intestinal flora showed that compared with the control group, the FPIP group had a lower Shannon index for diversity (P>0.05) and a significantly higher Chao index for abundance (P<0.01). At the phylum level, the intestinal flora in both groups were composed of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Compared with the control group, the FPIP group had a significant reduction in the composition ratio of Actinobacteria (P<0.001) and a significant increase in the composition ratio of Proteobacteria (P<0.05). At the genus level, the intestinal flora in the FPIP group were mainly composed of Escherichia, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Bifidobacterium, and the intestinal flora in the control group were mainly composed of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Compared with the control group, the FPIP group had a significant reduction in the composition ratio of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus (P<0.05) and significant increases in the composition ratios of Clostridium and Shigella (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the control group, the FPIP group has a reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora and an increase in their abundance, and there are certain differences in several bacterial genera. These results suggest that changes in the composition of intestinal flora at genus level may play an important role in the development and progression of FPIP.
Bacteria/genetics* ; Bifidobacterium/genetics* ; Child ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Humans ; Infant ; Proctocolitis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics*

To study the etiological factors and pathogenisis of venous thrombi and their relations with anticoagulation and fibrinolysis, In 47 patients with venous thrombi anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) was detected by ELISA. lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anti-activative protein C resistance (APCR) were examined by coagulation test; factor V Leiden was determined by PCR; activity of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), plasminogen (Plg) were detected by chromophore substrate methods. The results showed that ACA and/or LA were positive in 34% of patients with VT, most of which consisted of ACA IgG and LA; Plg was negative in 9.5% of patients; tPAI elevated in 8.3% of patients (much more than control group, P < 0.005); ATIII, PC, tPA were negative in 4.5%, 4.5%, 2.8% of patients, respectively (no significant difference with control groups, P > 0.05); ATIII, PC and Plg were negative constantly in one patient; factor V Leiden was not detected by PCR. There were no significant differences in anticoagulation and fibrinolysis between antiphospholipoprotein antibody (APA) negative subjects and APA positive subjects, 4 patients of which were positive in APCR, 3 patients were positive in ACA and/or LA, two out of three patients didn't achieved APCR reversion after mixing their blood plasma with normal blood plasma. It is concluded that antiphospholipoprotein antibody and abnormal fibrinolysis were the common pathological factors in venous thrombi. LA and/or ACA disturbs the anticoagulation aspect to develop into acquired APCR which may be a possible cause leading to thrombophilia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; blood ; Antithrombins ; metabolism ; Blood Coagulation ; Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Factor V ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasminogen ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein C ; metabolism ; Venous Thrombosis ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of expression of c-kit (marker of interstitial cells of Cajal, ICC) in colon with slow transit constipation (STC) in rats.

METHODSSlow transit constipation (STC) rat model was induced by intragastric administration of compound diphenoxylate. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of c-kit in colon of STC rats (model group) and normal rats (control group). Gray scale ratio of c-kit to β-actin was used as the relative quantity of c-kit.

RESULTSFecal quantity per day of STC group was (1.3±0.7) g/100 g, significantly lower than that in normal rats [(1.6±0.9) g/100 g, t=10.798, P<0.05]. In model rats, the time of discharge of the first black fecal was (461.6±150.8) min, significantly longer than that in normal rats [(351.3±119.9) min, t=2.291, P<0.05]. Western blotting revealed that the average values of gray scale ratio of c-kit in proximal colon were 0.277±0.077 and 0.576±0.081 (t=10.719, P<0.05), in distal colon were 0.280±0.075 and 0.571±0.079 (t=10.700, P<0.05) in model group and control group respectively.

CONCLUSIONDown-regulation of c-kit expression in proximal colon and distal colon is associated to the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation in rats.

Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Colon ; metabolism ; pathology ; Constipation ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDHuman urotensin II (UII) is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor identified so far. Our previous study showed that UII is a potent mitogen of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) inducing ASMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The signal transduction pathway of UII mitogenic effect remains to be clarified. This study was conducted to investigate the signal transduction pathway in the proliferation of ASMC induced by UII.

METHODSIn primary cultures of rat ASMCs, activities of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcineurin (CaN) induced by UII were measured. The effect of CaN on PKC and MAPK was studied by adding cyclosporin A (CsA), a specific inhibitor of CaN. Using H7 and PD98059, inhibitors of PKC and MAPK, respectively, to study the effect of PKC and MAPK on CaN. The cytosolic free calcium concentration induced by UII was measured using Fura-2/AM.

RESULTSUII 10(-7) mol/L stimulated ASMC PKC and MAPK activities by 44% and 24% (P < 0.01), respectively, after incubating for 20 minutes. It increased CaN activity in a time-dependent manner, being 1.68 times as that of control for 24 hours (P < 0.01). It promoted the cytosolic free calcium concentration increase of 18% (P < 0.01). CsA 10(-6) mol/L and H7 50 micromol/L inhibited UII-stimulated CaN activity by 45% (P < 0.01) and 21% (P < 0.05), respectively, while PD98059 50 micromol/L had no effect on CaN activity (P > 0.05). CsA 10(-6) mol/L inhibited UII-stimulated PKC activity by 14% (P < 0.05), while having no effect on MAPK activity (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUII increases cytosolic free calcium concentration and activates PKC, MAPK and CaN. The signal transduction pathway between PKC and CaN has cross-talk.

Animals ; Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Activation ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Mitogens ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Trachea ; cytology ; Urotensins ; pharmacology