Objective:Two experiments were performed to research the effects of visual field factor on pseudoneglect and to test the theories about neglect and pseudoneglect.Methods:Experiment 1 employed the landmark task and greyscales task in tachistoscopic and forced-choice conditions.Experiment 2 employed the greyscales task and tachistoscopic visual three-field technique.Results:Experiment 1 manifested that greyscales had no crossover effect;the length factor had effect on the greyscales task as the landmark task,but it only affected the bias magnitude,not the error direction.Experiment 2 indicated that the main effect of visual field was significant:when the greyscales were presented in the middle or right,pseudoneglect manifested,but when in the left,pseudoneglect vanished.Conclusion:The results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that the perceptual distortion derives from the attentional process.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenovirus vectors for BTB and cap'n'collar protein homology 1 (Bach1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) on antioxidanffactors and fibrosis related cytokines in lung fibroblasts (MLF) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced mouse.Methods Bach1 siRNA recombinant adenovirus vectors and blankadenovirus vectorwere constructed,then the MLF cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 24 h and infected with blankvector and successful constructed Bach1 siRNAs.The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of Bach1,heme oxygenase (HO)-1,glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) in cell supernatants were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Changes of fibrosis-related cytokines including TGF-β1 and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in cell supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for multiple group comparisons and LSD test was used to compare the two groups.Results Bach1 mRNA (2.127±0.089) and protein expression increased significantly after TGF-31 stimulation compared with blank group (1.000±0.067,t=-21.77,P＜0.01),as well as the expression of fibrosis-related cytokines TGF-β1 (52±6) and IL-6 (34±6) in cell supernatants increased significantly after TGF-β1 stimulation compared with blank group (26±4,t=-11.11,P＜0.01 and 20±5,t=-5.32,P＜0.01),but the mRNA expression of HO-1 and GPx1 (0.403±0.040 and 0.567±0.112) also the protein expression decreased significantly compared with mRNA (1.000±0.181,t=25.57,P＜0.01 and 1.000±0.212,t=6.68,P＜0.05) and protein expression in blank group.Follow the Bach1 siRNA treatment,Bach1 mRNA (0.153±0.015) and protein levels were significantly downregulated compared with mRNA (2.129±0.089 and 1.973±0.035,F=1835.95,P＜0.01) and protein expression of TGF-β1 and blank vector group,as well as TGF-β1 (26±3) and IL-6 (11±3) expression in cell supernatant were significantly inhibited compared with TGF-31 (52±6 and 34±6) and blankvector group (49±5 and 33±6) (F=22.25,P＜0.01 and F=28.38,P＜0.01).But the mRNA levels of HO-1 (3.303±0.294) and GPx1 (1.840±0.231) in MLF were promoted significantly compared with TGF-β1 (0.403±0.040 and 0.567±0.112) and blank vector group (0.353±0.057 and 0.667±0.090) (F=53.90,P＜0.01 and F=526.25,P＜0.01).Conclusion Silencing Bach1 rescues TGF-β1 induced reduction of antioxidants and increasethefibrosis in MLF cells.The study offers an experimental basis to explore pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy for connective tissue disease related inter-stitial lung disease.

Objective To observe the clinical advantage of treating the dens fracture with cannulated screws by microendoscopy system and navigation system through anterior approach. Methods From October 2002 to August 2004, 6 dens fracture (type Ⅱ) patients had undergone single cannulated screws fixation by the microendoscopy system and image guidance through the anterior approach, including 2 females and 4 males with an average of 53.2 years (range from 23 to 65 years). The preoperative Frankel grade was D in 1 case and E in 5 cases. 4 cases had fracture displacement. All patients accepted skull traction and external fixation before surgery. The patients accepted the MR examination and the images were reconstructed by the Vector Vision spinal navigation system in order to make the proper surgical plan, including the nails' direction and length in three-dimension. After affirming the reduction of the dens fractures according the C-arm fluoroscopy, the work channel was inserted through 2 cm long incision at the C5 level, then extended to the C2 level, to excise part of inferior C2 vertebral body. Under the navigation system guide, a guidance needle was inserted and the fracture was fixed by cannulated screw through the work channel. The patients did not need any C-arm fluoroscopy during the surgery. After the surgery the patients were with external fixation for 2 months. Results The surgery lasted 80 min (range from 50 to 150 min), blood loss was 75 ml (40 to 90 ml). There was no related complication during and after surgery including odynophagia or dysphagia. Follow-up period extended from 6 to 37 months (mean 13.5 months). All dens fractures were reduced and healed satisfactory during the follow up. All patients' postoperative Frankel grade was E in the most recent follow-up. Conclusion To fix the dens fracture through microendoscopy and navigation system guide can reduce the soft tissue injury and the incidence of odynophagia or dysphagia, make the surgery safer, avert the repeated C-arm check-up during the surgery compared with the traditional anterior fixation method. The procedure is very safe, simple and can reduce the surgical time effectively.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of thoracic discectomy via trans-facet-joint approach in the treatment of thoracic disc herniation.Methods Thirty-three cases were included in this group from October 1994 to August 2009.There were 27 males and 6 females.The age ranged from 18 to 72 years old,with an average of 41.8 years.The course of disease ranged from 12 days to 36 months and was lesser than one month in 13 cases.The weakness and numbness of lower limbs occurred after trauma in 9 cases.Fifteen cases were diagnosed as simple thoracic disc herniation.Six cases were associated with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and 12 cases were associated with ossification or hypertrophy of yellow ligament.A total of 45 discs were involved,including 32 in lower thoracic segments(71.11%),8 in upper thoracic segments(17.78%)and 5 in middle thoracic segments(11.11%).All the herniated discs and the ossified OPLL were excised via the trans-facet-joint approach.For the cases with ossification or hypertrophy of yellow ligament,the laminectomy and replantation were performed.The screw-rod system was used on both sides in 14 cases,on one side in 19 cases.Results Follow-up was acquired in 27 patients,ranged from 12 to 63 months(mean,37 months).According to Epstein and Schwall grade,there were excellent in 15 cases,good in 10 cases,improved in 2 cases and poor in 2 cases.The excellent and good rate was 86.21% and total effective rate was 93.10%.Postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases,including exacerbation of preexisting deficits in 2 cases and implant failure in 1 case.The former 2 cases were treated with methylprednisolone,dehydrant,neural nutrition and hyperbaric oxygen.One patient had recovered to preoperative level,the other had not recovered to the preoperative level.The implant was removed 18 months after operation for the implant failure.The post-operative CT or MRI showed that all the replanted lamina obtained fusion,and the canal decompression was complete.Conclusion Thoracic discectomy via trans-facet-joint approach can improve the clinical result obviously.

Objective:To establish the methods for the determination of Mg,Al,K,Ca,Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Ag,Cd,Sn,Ba,Pb,Na and Hg in water for injection. Methods:The sixteen metallic elements in water for injection were determined by ICP-MS. The collision cell technology ( CCT) was used to minimize the multiple atomic interference, and the matrix effect and signal drift were compensated by using Li, Sc, Ge, In, Ir and Bi as the internal standards and the samples were directly acidified to detect the metallic elements. Results:The detection limit range of the 16 metallic elements were from 0. 009 to 0. 165 ng·ml-1. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r≥0. 999 0). The recoveries were within the range of 80%-120%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used to determine the contents of metallic elements to reduce the potential exceeding limit risk of toxic metal el-ements in water for injection. The methods also can provide reference for the more strict quality evaluation of water for injection.

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical value of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) through the Wiltse approach for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods Sixty-nine patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis were randomly divided into two groups. Group A underwent minimally invasive TLIF via the Wiltse approach, Group B via the traditional approach. There were 31 cases in group A, the affected level was L4.5 in 19 cases and L5S1 in 12. The degree of vertebrae slippage was Ⅰ degree in 17 cases,and Ⅱ degree in 14. There were 38 cases in group B, the affected level was L4,5 in 22 cases and L5S1 in 16. The degree of vertebrae slippage was Ⅰ in 21 cases, and Ⅱ in 17. The Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. The post-operative dynamic X-rays, CT and/or MRI were used for image evaluation. ResultsThere was no statistically difference in operating time between the two groups. The incision length, blood loss and exposing time of group A were shorter than those of group B. The JOA scores, recovery rate, VAS of low back pain and leg pain, interbody fusion rate and atrophy rate of multifidus in group A were 24.7±3.5, 77.0％±3.1％, 1.0±0.7, 1.1±0.3, 71.0％±5.8％, 2.1±0.2, respectively, and in group B were 24.3±2.8, 73.6％±6.4％, 3.1±0.6, 1.8±0.5, 76.3％±6.1％, 0.5±0.1, respectively. The VAS of low back pain was lower in group A than in group B. The atrophy rate was better in group A than in group B. Conclusion Both TLIF approaches can acquire satisfactory clinical results. Minimally invasive TLIF through the Wiltse approach can significantly reduced damage of multifidus and incidence of chronic low back pain postoperative.

Objective:To establish the drug release determination conditions and method for phencynonate hydrochloride extended release tablets. Methods:The drug release of the tablets was determined by HPLC using a Diamonsil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid-triethylamine (270∶400∶1. 3∶2), the detection wavelength was 220 nm, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. The effects of different release apparatus, release media and rotation speeds on the release of phencynonate hydrochloride extended-release tablets were studied as well. Results:The established drug release determination method had a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 3-5. 0 μg· ml-1(r=0. 999 8), and the average recovery was 100. 6%(RSD=1. 16%, n=15). Under the conditions of 900ml pH 3. 0 phos-phate buffer solution as the release medium, rotation speed of 50 r·min-1 and the settlement basket as the apparatus, the release be-havior of the product was complied with a zero-level model in vitro, and the release equation was as follows:Q=6. 141 2t-9. 328 7(r=0. 996). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and suitable for the quality control of phencynonate hydrochlo-ride extended-release tablets.

Objective To detect the application value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detection of fetus with enlargement of cisterna magna.Methods Sixteen fetuses with enlargement of cisterna magna (group 1) and other sixteen healthy controls (group 2) were scanned by DWI.The ADC values were measured and compared between two groups at the same regions, and between left and right brain in group 1.The correlations between ADC values,the enlarged degree of cisterna magna and gestational age were calculated respectively.Results The ADC values were lower in the white matters of bilateral frontal lobes and parietal lobes, bilateral thalami and cerebellum in group 1 than those in group 2.There were no significant differences in ADC values between left areas and right areas in group 1 (P>0.05).The ADC values in bilateral basal ganglia and thalami were negatively correlated with the gestational age (P<0.05).There was no correlation between the enlarged degree of cisterna magna and gestational age (P>0.05).Conclusion The ADC values were decreased in certain regions in fetuses with enlargement of cisterna magna, which suggested that ADC value might be more sensitive for detecting potential damage of brain.Combined with conventional MRI, DWI and ADC values could be regarded as accurate protocols for the detection of fetus abnormalities.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of ADC values in fetus with mild ventriculomegaly.Methods Fifteen fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly (mild ventriculomegaly group) and fifteen healthy controls (control group) were scanned with DWI.The ADC values in bilateral frontal lobes,parietal lobes,temporal lobes,occipital lobes,basal ganglia,thalamus and cerebella were measured.The ADC values of mild ventriculomegaly group were compared with those of control group.And the ADC values in left regions were compared with those in right regions of fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly.The correlation between ADC values of all fetuses and gestational age,as well as the correlation between the diameters of ventriculomegaly in feutes with mild ventriculomegaly and gestational age were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,ADC values were lower in bilateral frontal lobes and parictal lobes in mild ventriculomegaly group (all P＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences of ADC values between left regions and right regions (all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that ADC values of all fetuses in bilateral occipital lobes,basal ganglia,thalamus,cerebella and left temporal lobe were negatively correlated with gestational age.The diameters of ventriculomegaly were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.635,P=0.011).Conclusion The ADC values decrease in frontal lobes and parietal lobes in fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly.The ADC value may be more sensitive for detecting potential damage of brain,which is helpful for the diagnosis of fetus ventriculomegaly.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of CD44v3 and CD54 in oral premalignant epithelia and its significance in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosa.Methods:The expressions of CD44v3 and CD54 in 19 cases of normal mucosa and mucosal hyperplasia,22 case of dysplastic epithelia,26 cases of oral cancer mucosa were detected by using immunohistochemistry.Results:CD44v3 and CD54 proteins showed no expression or micro-expression in normal and hyperplastic epithelia.The expressions increased in the dysplastic epithelia and mucosa of oral cancer gradually.The difference between the expressions of the three groups was significant(P